Characterizing the epidemiological transition in Mexico: national and subnational burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors
Rates of diseases and injuries and the effects of their risk factors can have substantial subnational heterogeneity, especially in middle-income countries like Mexico. Subnational analysis of the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors can improve characterization of the epidemiological trans...
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| description | Rates of diseases and injuries and the effects of their risk factors can have substantial subnational heterogeneity, especially in middle-income countries like Mexico. Subnational analysis of the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors can improve characterization of the epidemiological transition and identify policy priorities.
We estimated deaths and loss of healthy life years (measured in disability-adjusted life years [DALYs]) in 2004 from a comprehensive list of diseases and injuries, and 16 major risk factors, by sex and age for Mexico and its states. Data sources included the vital statistics, national censuses, health examination surveys, and published epidemiological studies. Mortality statistics were adjusted for underreporting, misreporting of age at death, and for misclassification and incomparability of cause-of-death assignment. Nationally, noncommunicable diseases caused 75% of total deaths and 68% of total DALYs, with another 14% of deaths and 18% of DALYs caused by undernutrition and communicable, maternal, and perinatal diseases. The leading causes of death were ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, and road traffic injuries. High body mass index, high blood glucose, and alcohol use were the leading risk factors for disease burden, causing 5.1%, 5.0%, and 7.3% of total burden of disease, respectively. Mexico City had the lowest mortality rates (4.2 per 1,000) and the Southern region the highest (5.0 per 1,000); under-five mortality in the Southern region was nearly twice that of Mexico City. In the Southern region undernutrition and communicable, maternal, and perinatal diseases caused 23% of DALYs; in Chiapas, they caused 29% of DALYs. At the same time, the absolute rates of noncommunicable disease and injury burdens were highest in the Southern region (105 DALYs per 1,000 population versus 97 nationally for noncommunicable diseases; 22 versus 19 for injuries).
Mexico is at an advanced stage in the epidemiologic transition, with the majority of the disease and injury burden from noncommunicable diseases. A unique characteristic of the epidemiological transition in Mexico is that overweight and obesity, high blood glucose, and alcohol use are responsible for larger burden of disease than other noncommunicable disease risks such as tobacco smoking. The Southern region is least advanced in the epidemiological transition and suffers from the largest burden of ill health in all disease and |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050125 |
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We estimated deaths and loss of healthy life years (measured in disability-adjusted life years [DALYs]) in 2004 from a comprehensive list of diseases and injuries, and 16 major risk factors, by sex and age for Mexico and its states. Data sources included the vital statistics, national censuses, health examination surveys, and published epidemiological studies. Mortality statistics were adjusted for underreporting, misreporting of age at death, and for misclassification and incomparability of cause-of-death assignment. Nationally, noncommunicable diseases caused 75% of total deaths and 68% of total DALYs, with another 14% of deaths and 18% of DALYs caused by undernutrition and communicable, maternal, and perinatal diseases. The leading causes of death were ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, and road traffic injuries. High body mass index, high blood glucose, and alcohol use were the leading risk factors for disease burden, causing 5.1%, 5.0%, and 7.3% of total burden of disease, respectively. Mexico City had the lowest mortality rates (4.2 per 1,000) and the Southern region the highest (5.0 per 1,000); under-five mortality in the Southern region was nearly twice that of Mexico City. In the Southern region undernutrition and communicable, maternal, and perinatal diseases caused 23% of DALYs; in Chiapas, they caused 29% of DALYs. At the same time, the absolute rates of noncommunicable disease and injury burdens were highest in the Southern region (105 DALYs per 1,000 population versus 97 nationally for noncommunicable diseases; 22 versus 19 for injuries).
Mexico is at an advanced stage in the epidemiologic transition, with the majority of the disease and injury burden from noncommunicable diseases. A unique characteristic of the epidemiological transition in Mexico is that overweight and obesity, high blood glucose, and alcohol use are responsible for larger burden of disease than other noncommunicable disease risks such as tobacco smoking. The Southern region is least advanced in the epidemiological transition and suffers from the largest burden of ill health in all disease and injury groups.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1549-1676</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1549-1277</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1549-1676</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0050125</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18563960</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Age ; Alcohol use ; Algorithms ; Body mass index ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cause of Death ; Cost of Illness ; Decision Trees ; Developing Countries - statistics & numerical data ; Disease - etiology ; Epidemiology ; Geography ; Global Health ; Health Policy ; Health risk assessment ; Humans ; Injuries ; International Health ; Liver cirrhosis ; Mexico - epidemiology ; Mortality ; Mortality - trends ; Population ; Public Health ; Public Health and Epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic Determinants of Health ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Studies ; Wounds and Injuries - epidemiology ; Wounds and Injuries - etiology</subject><ispartof>PLoS medicine, 2008-06, Vol.5 (6), p.e125-e125</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2008 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2008 Stevens et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Stevens G, Dias RH, Thomas KJA, Rivera JA, Carvalho N, et al. (2008) Characterizing the Epidemiological Transition in Mexico: National and Subnational Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors. PLoS Med 5(6): e125. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050125</rights><rights>2008 Stevens et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. 2008</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c859t-507fb6038409aa1011253ffa28cee7efbe59b8aaced37d5764c6705d92cad9163</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c859t-507fb6038409aa1011253ffa28cee7efbe59b8aaced37d5764c6705d92cad9163</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2429945/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2429945/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79342,79343</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18563960$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Stevens, Gretchen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dias, Rodrigo H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, Kevin J A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rivera, Juan A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carvalho, Natalie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barquera, Simón</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hill, Kenneth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ezzati, Majid</creatorcontrib><title>Characterizing the epidemiological transition in Mexico: national and subnational burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors</title><title>PLoS medicine</title><addtitle>PLoS Med</addtitle><description>Rates of diseases and injuries and the effects of their risk factors can have substantial subnational heterogeneity, especially in middle-income countries like Mexico. Subnational analysis of the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors can improve characterization of the epidemiological transition and identify policy priorities.
We estimated deaths and loss of healthy life years (measured in disability-adjusted life years [DALYs]) in 2004 from a comprehensive list of diseases and injuries, and 16 major risk factors, by sex and age for Mexico and its states. Data sources included the vital statistics, national censuses, health examination surveys, and published epidemiological studies. Mortality statistics were adjusted for underreporting, misreporting of age at death, and for misclassification and incomparability of cause-of-death assignment. Nationally, noncommunicable diseases caused 75% of total deaths and 68% of total DALYs, with another 14% of deaths and 18% of DALYs caused by undernutrition and communicable, maternal, and perinatal diseases. The leading causes of death were ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, and road traffic injuries. High body mass index, high blood glucose, and alcohol use were the leading risk factors for disease burden, causing 5.1%, 5.0%, and 7.3% of total burden of disease, respectively. Mexico City had the lowest mortality rates (4.2 per 1,000) and the Southern region the highest (5.0 per 1,000); under-five mortality in the Southern region was nearly twice that of Mexico City. In the Southern region undernutrition and communicable, maternal, and perinatal diseases caused 23% of DALYs; in Chiapas, they caused 29% of DALYs. At the same time, the absolute rates of noncommunicable disease and injury burdens were highest in the Southern region (105 DALYs per 1,000 population versus 97 nationally for noncommunicable diseases; 22 versus 19 for injuries).
Mexico is at an advanced stage in the epidemiologic transition, with the majority of the disease and injury burden from noncommunicable diseases. A unique characteristic of the epidemiological transition in Mexico is that overweight and obesity, high blood glucose, and alcohol use are responsible for larger burden of disease than other noncommunicable disease risks such as tobacco smoking. 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Dias, Rodrigo H ; Thomas, Kevin J A ; Rivera, Juan A ; Carvalho, Natalie ; Barquera, Simón ; Hill, Kenneth ; Ezzati, Majid</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c859t-507fb6038409aa1011253ffa28cee7efbe59b8aaced37d5764c6705d92cad9163</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Alcohol use</topic><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cause of Death</topic><topic>Cost of Illness</topic><topic>Decision Trees</topic><topic>Developing Countries - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Disease - etiology</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Geography</topic><topic>Global Health</topic><topic>Health Policy</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Injuries</topic><topic>International Health</topic><topic>Liver cirrhosis</topic><topic>Mexico - epidemiology</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Mortality - trends</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Public Health and Epidemiology</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Determinants of Health</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Wounds and Injuries - epidemiology</topic><topic>Wounds and Injuries - etiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Stevens, Gretchen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dias, Rodrigo H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thomas, Kevin J A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rivera, Juan A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carvalho, Natalie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barquera, Simón</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hill, Kenneth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ezzati, Majid</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Canada</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><collection>PLoS Medicine</collection><jtitle>PLoS medicine</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Stevens, Gretchen</au><au>Dias, Rodrigo H</au><au>Thomas, Kevin J A</au><au>Rivera, Juan A</au><au>Carvalho, Natalie</au><au>Barquera, Simón</au><au>Hill, Kenneth</au><au>Ezzati, Majid</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterizing the epidemiological transition in Mexico: national and subnational burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors</atitle><jtitle>PLoS medicine</jtitle><addtitle>PLoS Med</addtitle><date>2008-06-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>e125</spage><epage>e125</epage><pages>e125-e125</pages><issn>1549-1676</issn><issn>1549-1277</issn><eissn>1549-1676</eissn><abstract>Rates of diseases and injuries and the effects of their risk factors can have substantial subnational heterogeneity, especially in middle-income countries like Mexico. Subnational analysis of the burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors can improve characterization of the epidemiological transition and identify policy priorities.
We estimated deaths and loss of healthy life years (measured in disability-adjusted life years [DALYs]) in 2004 from a comprehensive list of diseases and injuries, and 16 major risk factors, by sex and age for Mexico and its states. Data sources included the vital statistics, national censuses, health examination surveys, and published epidemiological studies. Mortality statistics were adjusted for underreporting, misreporting of age at death, and for misclassification and incomparability of cause-of-death assignment. Nationally, noncommunicable diseases caused 75% of total deaths and 68% of total DALYs, with another 14% of deaths and 18% of DALYs caused by undernutrition and communicable, maternal, and perinatal diseases. The leading causes of death were ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, and road traffic injuries. High body mass index, high blood glucose, and alcohol use were the leading risk factors for disease burden, causing 5.1%, 5.0%, and 7.3% of total burden of disease, respectively. Mexico City had the lowest mortality rates (4.2 per 1,000) and the Southern region the highest (5.0 per 1,000); under-five mortality in the Southern region was nearly twice that of Mexico City. In the Southern region undernutrition and communicable, maternal, and perinatal diseases caused 23% of DALYs; in Chiapas, they caused 29% of DALYs. At the same time, the absolute rates of noncommunicable disease and injury burdens were highest in the Southern region (105 DALYs per 1,000 population versus 97 nationally for noncommunicable diseases; 22 versus 19 for injuries).
Mexico is at an advanced stage in the epidemiologic transition, with the majority of the disease and injury burden from noncommunicable diseases. A unique characteristic of the epidemiological transition in Mexico is that overweight and obesity, high blood glucose, and alcohol use are responsible for larger burden of disease than other noncommunicable disease risks such as tobacco smoking. The Southern region is least advanced in the epidemiological transition and suffers from the largest burden of ill health in all disease and injury groups.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>18563960</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pmed.0050125</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| subjects | Age Alcohol use Algorithms Body mass index Cardiovascular disease Cause of Death Cost of Illness Decision Trees Developing Countries - statistics & numerical data Disease - etiology Epidemiology Geography Global Health Health Policy Health risk assessment Humans Injuries International Health Liver cirrhosis Mexico - epidemiology Mortality Mortality - trends Population Public Health Public Health and Epidemiology Risk Factors Socioeconomic Determinants of Health Socioeconomic Factors Studies Wounds and Injuries - epidemiology Wounds and Injuries - etiology |
| title | Characterizing the epidemiological transition in Mexico: national and subnational burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors |
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