TV viewing and physical activity are independently associated with metabolic risk in children: the European Youth Heart Study
TV viewing has been linked to metabolic-risk factors in youth. However, it is unclear whether this association is independent of physical activity (PA) and obesity. We did a population-based, cross-sectional study in 9- to 10-y-old and 15- to 16-y-old boys and girls from three regions in Europe (n =...
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| description | TV viewing has been linked to metabolic-risk factors in youth. However, it is unclear whether this association is independent of physical activity (PA) and obesity.
We did a population-based, cross-sectional study in 9- to 10-y-old and 15- to 16-y-old boys and girls from three regions in Europe (n = 1,921). We examined the independent associations between TV viewing, PA measured by accelerometry, and metabolic-risk factors (body fatness, blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, inverted high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels). Clustered metabolic risk was expressed as a continuously distributed score calculated as the average of the standardized values of the six subcomponents. There was a positive association between TV viewing and adiposity (p = 0.021). However, after adjustment for PA, gender, age group, study location, sexual maturity, smoking status, birth weight, and parental socio-economic status, the association of TV viewing with clustered metabolic risk was no longer significant (p = 0.053). PA was independently and inversely associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin (all p < 0.01), and triglycerides (p = 0.02). PA was also significantly and inversely associated with the clustered risk score (p < 0.0001), independently of obesity and other confounding factors.
TV viewing and PA may be separate entities and differently associated with adiposity and metabolic risk. The association between TV viewing and clustered metabolic risk is mediated by adiposity, whereas PA is associated with individual and clustered metabolic-risk indicators independently of obesity. Thus, preventive action against metabolic risk in children may need to target TV viewing and PA separately. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030488 |
| format | Article |
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We did a population-based, cross-sectional study in 9- to 10-y-old and 15- to 16-y-old boys and girls from three regions in Europe (n = 1,921). We examined the independent associations between TV viewing, PA measured by accelerometry, and metabolic-risk factors (body fatness, blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, inverted high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels). Clustered metabolic risk was expressed as a continuously distributed score calculated as the average of the standardized values of the six subcomponents. There was a positive association between TV viewing and adiposity (p = 0.021). However, after adjustment for PA, gender, age group, study location, sexual maturity, smoking status, birth weight, and parental socio-economic status, the association of TV viewing with clustered metabolic risk was no longer significant (p = 0.053). PA was independently and inversely associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin (all p < 0.01), and triglycerides (p = 0.02). PA was also significantly and inversely associated with the clustered risk score (p < 0.0001), independently of obesity and other confounding factors.
TV viewing and PA may be separate entities and differently associated with adiposity and metabolic risk. The association between TV viewing and clustered metabolic risk is mediated by adiposity, whereas PA is associated with individual and clustered metabolic-risk indicators independently of obesity. Thus, preventive action against metabolic risk in children may need to target TV viewing and PA separately.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1549-1676</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1549-1277</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1549-1676</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.0030488</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17194189</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Public Library of Science</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Blood pressure ; Body mass index ; Child ; Children & youth ; Childrens health ; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic ; Councils ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Denmark ; Diabetes and Endocrinology ; Epidemiology ; Estonia ; Exercise ; Female ; Glucose ; Health aspects ; Heart ; High density lipoprotein ; Humans ; Insulin ; Male ; Medical research ; Metabolic diseases ; Metabolic syndrome ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Obesity - epidemiology ; Overweight ; Pediatrics ; Pediatrics and Child Health ; Portugal ; Public Health and Epidemiology ; Risk factors ; Risk Management ; Socioeconomic factors ; Television ; Television and children ; Time Factors ; Triglycerides ; Variance analysis</subject><ispartof>PLoS medicine, 2006-12, Vol.3 (12), p.e488-e488</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2006 Public Library of Science</rights><rights>2006 Ekelund et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: Ekelund U, Brage S, Froberg K, Harro M, Anderssen SA, et al. (2006) TV Viewing and Physical Activity Are Independently Associated with Metabolic Risk in Children: The European Youth Heart Study. PLoS Med 3(12): e488. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030488</rights><rights>2006 Ekelund et al. 2006</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c734t-2bd241968d252310b843f79c5baca169586257cb9086d1a401c701e98bc574a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c734t-2bd241968d252310b843f79c5baca169586257cb9086d1a401c701e98bc574a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1705825/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1705825/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,2915,23845,27901,27902,53766,53768,79343,79344</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17194189$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ekelund, Ulf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brage, Søren</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Froberg, Karsten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harro, Maarike</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anderssen, Sigmund A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sardinha, Luis B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riddoch, Chris</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andersen, Lars Bo</creatorcontrib><title>TV viewing and physical activity are independently associated with metabolic risk in children: the European Youth Heart Study</title><title>PLoS medicine</title><addtitle>PLoS Med</addtitle><description>TV viewing has been linked to metabolic-risk factors in youth. However, it is unclear whether this association is independent of physical activity (PA) and obesity.
We did a population-based, cross-sectional study in 9- to 10-y-old and 15- to 16-y-old boys and girls from three regions in Europe (n = 1,921). We examined the independent associations between TV viewing, PA measured by accelerometry, and metabolic-risk factors (body fatness, blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, inverted high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels). Clustered metabolic risk was expressed as a continuously distributed score calculated as the average of the standardized values of the six subcomponents. There was a positive association between TV viewing and adiposity (p = 0.021). However, after adjustment for PA, gender, age group, study location, sexual maturity, smoking status, birth weight, and parental socio-economic status, the association of TV viewing with clustered metabolic risk was no longer significant (p = 0.053). PA was independently and inversely associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin (all p < 0.01), and triglycerides (p = 0.02). PA was also significantly and inversely associated with the clustered risk score (p < 0.0001), independently of obesity and other confounding factors.
TV viewing and PA may be separate entities and differently associated with adiposity and metabolic risk. The association between TV viewing and clustered metabolic risk is mediated by adiposity, whereas PA is associated with individual and clustered metabolic-risk indicators independently of obesity. Thus, preventive action against metabolic risk in children may need to target TV viewing and PA separately.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Childrens health</subject><subject>Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic</subject><subject>Councils</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Denmark</subject><subject>Diabetes and Endocrinology</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Estonia</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Heart</subject><subject>High density lipoprotein</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Metabolic diseases</subject><subject>Metabolic syndrome</subject><subject>Motor Activity</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - epidemiology</subject><subject>Overweight</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Pediatrics and Child Health</subject><subject>Portugal</subject><subject>Public Health and Epidemiology</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Risk Management</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Television</subject><subject>Television and children</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Triglycerides</subject><subject>Variance analysis</subject><issn>1549-1676</issn><issn>1549-1277</issn><issn>1549-1676</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqVk1FrFDEQxxdRbK1-A9GAUPDhzmQ32SQ-CKVUWygW7FHwKWSzs7epuc2ZZFvvwe9u6p16J31QAkmY_OY_yUymKJ4TPCUVJ2-u_RgG7abLBbRTjCtMhXhQ7BNG5YTUvH64td8rnsR4jXEpscSPiz3CiaREyP3i--wK3Vi4tcMc6aFFy34VrdEOaZPsjU0rpAMgO7SwhDwNyWVLjN5YnaBFtzb1aAFJN95Zg4KNXzKMTG9dG2B4i1IP6GQMfgl6QJ_9mPFT0CGhyzS2q6fFo067CM8260Exe38yOz6dnF98ODs-Op8YXtE0KZu2pETWoi1ZWRHcCFp1XBrWaKNJLZmoS8ZNI7GoW6IpJoZjAlI0hnGqq4Pi5Vp26XxUm8RFRUohMK-4lJk4WxOt19dqGexCh5Xy2qqfBh_mKl_aGgeqKzVmtGTAKaVQyQZrJnDVSCi7hrMma73bRBubXBuTkxa02xHdPRlsr-b-RhGOmShZFjjcCAT_dYSY1MJGA87pAfwYVS1KLpnEGXz1F3j_2yZraq7z9e3Q-RzVzGGAHNwP0NlsPiI14Sx_CZH56T18Hi0srLnX4fWOQ2YSfEtzPcaozi4__Qf78d_Zi6td9nCL7UG71EfvxmT9EHdBugZN8DEG6H4XhmB111i_cqjuGkttGiu7vdgu6h-nTSdVPwC_XB4x</recordid><startdate>20061201</startdate><enddate>20061201</enddate><creator>Ekelund, Ulf</creator><creator>Brage, Søren</creator><creator>Froberg, Karsten</creator><creator>Harro, Maarike</creator><creator>Anderssen, Sigmund A</creator><creator>Sardinha, Luis B</creator><creator>Riddoch, Chris</creator><creator>Andersen, Lars Bo</creator><general>Public Library of Science</general><general>Public Library of Science (PLoS)</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISN</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope><scope>CZK</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20061201</creationdate><title>TV viewing and physical activity are independently associated with metabolic risk in children: the European Youth Heart Study</title><author>Ekelund, Ulf ; 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However, it is unclear whether this association is independent of physical activity (PA) and obesity.
We did a population-based, cross-sectional study in 9- to 10-y-old and 15- to 16-y-old boys and girls from three regions in Europe (n = 1,921). We examined the independent associations between TV viewing, PA measured by accelerometry, and metabolic-risk factors (body fatness, blood pressure, fasting triglycerides, inverted high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, glucose, and insulin levels). Clustered metabolic risk was expressed as a continuously distributed score calculated as the average of the standardized values of the six subcomponents. There was a positive association between TV viewing and adiposity (p = 0.021). However, after adjustment for PA, gender, age group, study location, sexual maturity, smoking status, birth weight, and parental socio-economic status, the association of TV viewing with clustered metabolic risk was no longer significant (p = 0.053). PA was independently and inversely associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, insulin (all p < 0.01), and triglycerides (p = 0.02). PA was also significantly and inversely associated with the clustered risk score (p < 0.0001), independently of obesity and other confounding factors.
TV viewing and PA may be separate entities and differently associated with adiposity and metabolic risk. The association between TV viewing and clustered metabolic risk is mediated by adiposity, whereas PA is associated with individual and clustered metabolic-risk indicators independently of obesity. Thus, preventive action against metabolic risk in children may need to target TV viewing and PA separately.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Public Library of Science</pub><pmid>17194189</pmid><doi>10.1371/journal.pmed.0030488</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Blood pressure Body mass index Child Children & youth Childrens health Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Councils Cross-Sectional Studies Denmark Diabetes and Endocrinology Epidemiology Estonia Exercise Female Glucose Health aspects Heart High density lipoprotein Humans Insulin Male Medical research Metabolic diseases Metabolic syndrome Motor Activity Obesity Obesity - epidemiology Overweight Pediatrics Pediatrics and Child Health Portugal Public Health and Epidemiology Risk factors Risk Management Socioeconomic factors Television Television and children Time Factors Triglycerides Variance analysis |
| title | TV viewing and physical activity are independently associated with metabolic risk in children: the European Youth Heart Study |
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