Waterbird Mortality from Botulism Type E in Lake Michigan: An Update

Three outbreaks of botulism type E occurring in waterbirds on Lake Michigan since autumn 1976 are discussed. Natural ingestion of food containing type E toxin by Ring-billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis) and the presence of type E toxin in blood from moribund gulls were demonstrated. Concurrent presenc...

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Veröffentlicht in:	The Wilson bulletin (Wilson Ornithological Society) 1983-06, Vol.95 (2), p.269-275
Hauptverfasser:	Brand, Christopher J., Duncan, Ruth M., Scott P. Garrow, Dan Olson, Leonard E. Schumann
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Animal bacterial diseases Bacterial diseases Biological and medical sciences Blood Botulism Clostridium botulinum Environmental conservation Freshwater fishes Infectious diseases Loons Medical sciences Mortality Sea birds Toxins Waterfowl
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
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