Waterbird Mortality from Botulism Type E in Lake Michigan: An Update
Three outbreaks of botulism type E occurring in waterbirds on Lake Michigan since autumn 1976 are discussed. Natural ingestion of food containing type E toxin by Ring-billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis) and the presence of type E toxin in blood from moribund gulls were demonstrated. Concurrent presenc...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Wilson bulletin (Wilson Ornithological Society) 1983-06, Vol.95 (2), p.269-275 |
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| container_title | The Wilson bulletin (Wilson Ornithological Society) |
| container_volume | 95 |
| creator | Brand, Christopher J. Duncan, Ruth M. Scott P. Garrow Dan Olson Leonard E. Schumann |
| description | Three outbreaks of botulism type E occurring in waterbirds on Lake Michigan since autumn 1976 are discussed. Natural ingestion of food containing type E toxin by Ring-billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis) and the presence of type E toxin in blood from moribund gulls were demonstrated. Concurrent presence of type C and type E botulinal toxins was found in a die-off of Common Loons (Gavia immer). In combination with previous reported outbreaks, these incidents suggest that this disease is geographically widespread in Lake Michigan, and that environmental conditions conducive to type E botulinal toxin production and consumption occur in both summer and autumn. |
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Garrow ; Dan Olson ; Leonard E. Schumann</creator><creatorcontrib>Brand, Christopher J. ; Duncan, Ruth M. ; Scott P. Garrow ; Dan Olson ; Leonard E. Schumann</creatorcontrib><description>Three outbreaks of botulism type E occurring in waterbirds on Lake Michigan since autumn 1976 are discussed. Natural ingestion of food containing type E toxin by Ring-billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis) and the presence of type E toxin in blood from moribund gulls were demonstrated. Concurrent presence of type C and type E botulinal toxins was found in a die-off of Common Loons (Gavia immer). 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Natural ingestion of food containing type E toxin by Ring-billed Gulls (Larus delawarensis) and the presence of type E toxin in blood from moribund gulls were demonstrated. Concurrent presence of type C and type E botulinal toxins was found in a die-off of Common Loons (Gavia immer). In combination with previous reported outbreaks, these incidents suggest that this disease is geographically widespread in Lake Michigan, and that environmental conditions conducive to type E botulinal toxin production and consumption occur in both summer and autumn.</abstract><cop>Lawrence, KS</cop><pub>Wilson Ornithological Society</pub><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0043-5643 |
| ispartof | The Wilson bulletin (Wilson Ornithological Society), 1983-06, Vol.95 (2), p.269-275 |
| issn | 0043-5643 2162-5204 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pascalfrancis_primary_9325054 |
| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; SORA - Searchable Ornithological Research Archive; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals |
| subjects | Animal bacterial diseases Bacterial diseases Biological and medical sciences Blood Botulism Clostridium botulinum Environmental conservation Freshwater fishes Infectious diseases Loons Medical sciences Mortality Sea birds Toxins Waterfowl |
| title | Waterbird Mortality from Botulism Type E in Lake Michigan: An Update |
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