Individual Microglia Move Rapidly and Directly to Nerve Lesions in the Leech Central Nervous System
Small cells called microglia, which collect at nerve lesions, were tracked as they moved within the leech nerve cord to crushes made minutes or hours before. The aim of this study was to determine whether microglia respond as a group and move en masse or instead move individually, at different rates...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1989-02, Vol.86 (3), p.1093-1097 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 1097 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 3 |
| container_start_page | 1093 |
| container_title | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
| container_volume | 86 |
| creator | McGlade-McCulloh, Ellen Morrissey, Alice M. Norona, Fernando Muller, Kenneth J. |
| description | Small cells called microglia, which collect at nerve lesions, were tracked as they moved within the leech nerve cord to crushes made minutes or hours before. The aim of this study was to determine whether microglia respond as a group and move en masse or instead move individually, at different rates, and whether they move along axons directly to the lesion or take another route, such as along the edges of the nerve cord. Cell nuclei in living nerve cords were stained with Hoechst 33258 dye and observed under dim ultraviolet illumination using fluorescence optics, a low-light video camera, and computer-assisted signal enhancement. Muscular movements of the cord were selectively reduced by bathing in 23 mM MgCl2. Regions of nerve cord within 300 μ m of the crush were observed for 2-6 hr. Only a fraction of microglia, typically |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.86.3.1093 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_pasca</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pascalfrancis_primary_6753598</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>33350</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>33350</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c582t-ca8370bfe0bdeb69253cd90fd8bc189189c4f88bbb4bf219a97d094252f5be13</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkUtvEzEUhS0EKmlhywIJyQvU3QQ_xjP2ggUKbamUggTdW35N42oyDrYnIv--HiWNwgYkS9bV-e7xvT4AvMNojlFLP20Glea8mdNSCvoCzMqFq6YW6CWYIUTaitekfg3OU3pECAnG0Rk4IwIz0bIZMLeD9VtvR9XDO29ieOi9gndh6-BPtfG230E1WPjVR2dyKXKA310s6tIlH4YE_QDzaiqdWcGFG3IsThMSxgR_7VJ26zfgVaf65N4e7gtwf311v_hWLX_c3C6-LCvDOMmVUZy2SHcOaet0IwijxgrUWa4N5qIcU3eca61r3REslGgtEjVhpGPaYXoBPu9tN6NeO2v2s8hN9GsVdzIoL_9WBr-SD2ErCW8awkv_5aE_ht-jS1mufTKu79XgyjKy5bzhDSX_BTHDvCVUFHC-B8u_phRddxwGIzmlJ6f0JG8klVN6peHD6QpH_BBX0T8edJWM6ruoBuPTEWsKwgQ_sZnsn9XTZy7_pctu7Pvs_uQCvt-DjymHeCQppQzRJx-NxUI</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>15187239</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Individual Microglia Move Rapidly and Directly to Nerve Lesions in the Leech Central Nervous System</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>McGlade-McCulloh, Ellen ; Morrissey, Alice M. ; Norona, Fernando ; Muller, Kenneth J.</creator><creatorcontrib>McGlade-McCulloh, Ellen ; Morrissey, Alice M. ; Norona, Fernando ; Muller, Kenneth J.</creatorcontrib><description>Small cells called microglia, which collect at nerve lesions, were tracked as they moved within the leech nerve cord to crushes made minutes or hours before. The aim of this study was to determine whether microglia respond as a group and move en masse or instead move individually, at different rates, and whether they move along axons directly to the lesion or take another route, such as along the edges of the nerve cord. Cell nuclei in living nerve cords were stained with Hoechst 33258 dye and observed under dim ultraviolet illumination using fluorescence optics, a low-light video camera, and computer-assisted signal enhancement. Muscular movements of the cord were selectively reduced by bathing in 23 mM MgCl2. Regions of nerve cord within 300 μ m of the crush were observed for 2-6 hr. Only a fraction of microglia, typically <50%, moved at any time, traveling toward the lesion at speeds up to 7 μ /min.. Cells were moving as soon as observation began, within 15 min of crushing, and traveled directly toward the lesion along axons or axon tracts. Movements and roles of leech microglia are compared with their vertebrate counterparts, which are also active and respond to nerve injury.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.86.3.1093</identifier><identifier>PMID: 2915975</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PNASA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</publisher><subject>Animals ; Annelida and closely related phyla: sipuncula. Echiura. Nemertinea ; Axons ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cell motility ; Cell Movement - drug effects ; Cell nucleus ; Dyes ; Freshwater ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Hirudo medicinalis ; Invertebrates ; Leeches ; Lesions ; Magnesium - pharmacology ; Microglia ; Nerves ; Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Neuroglia ; Neuroglia - cytology ; Neuroglia - drug effects ; Neuroglia - physiology ; Neurons ; Phagocytes</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1989-02, Vol.86 (3), p.1093-1097</ispartof><rights>1990 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c582t-ca8370bfe0bdeb69253cd90fd8bc189189c4f88bbb4bf219a97d094252f5be13</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/86/3.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/33350$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/33350$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,803,885,27924,27925,53791,53793,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=6753598$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2915975$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>McGlade-McCulloh, Ellen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morrissey, Alice M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norona, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muller, Kenneth J.</creatorcontrib><title>Individual Microglia Move Rapidly and Directly to Nerve Lesions in the Leech Central Nervous System</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>Small cells called microglia, which collect at nerve lesions, were tracked as they moved within the leech nerve cord to crushes made minutes or hours before. The aim of this study was to determine whether microglia respond as a group and move en masse or instead move individually, at different rates, and whether they move along axons directly to the lesion or take another route, such as along the edges of the nerve cord. Cell nuclei in living nerve cords were stained with Hoechst 33258 dye and observed under dim ultraviolet illumination using fluorescence optics, a low-light video camera, and computer-assisted signal enhancement. Muscular movements of the cord were selectively reduced by bathing in 23 mM MgCl2. Regions of nerve cord within 300 μ m of the crush were observed for 2-6 hr. Only a fraction of microglia, typically <50%, moved at any time, traveling toward the lesion at speeds up to 7 μ /min.. Cells were moving as soon as observation began, within 15 min of crushing, and traveled directly toward the lesion along axons or axon tracts. Movements and roles of leech microglia are compared with their vertebrate counterparts, which are also active and respond to nerve injury.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Annelida and closely related phyla: sipuncula. Echiura. Nemertinea</subject><subject>Axons</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cell motility</subject><subject>Cell Movement - drug effects</subject><subject>Cell nucleus</subject><subject>Dyes</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hirudo medicinalis</subject><subject>Invertebrates</subject><subject>Leeches</subject><subject>Lesions</subject><subject>Magnesium - pharmacology</subject><subject>Microglia</subject><subject>Nerves</subject><subject>Nervous System Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Neuroglia</subject><subject>Neuroglia - cytology</subject><subject>Neuroglia - drug effects</subject><subject>Neuroglia - physiology</subject><subject>Neurons</subject><subject>Phagocytes</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1989</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUtvEzEUhS0EKmlhywIJyQvU3QQ_xjP2ggUKbamUggTdW35N42oyDrYnIv--HiWNwgYkS9bV-e7xvT4AvMNojlFLP20Glea8mdNSCvoCzMqFq6YW6CWYIUTaitekfg3OU3pECAnG0Rk4IwIz0bIZMLeD9VtvR9XDO29ieOi9gndh6-BPtfG230E1WPjVR2dyKXKA310s6tIlH4YE_QDzaiqdWcGFG3IsThMSxgR_7VJ26zfgVaf65N4e7gtwf311v_hWLX_c3C6-LCvDOMmVUZy2SHcOaet0IwijxgrUWa4N5qIcU3eca61r3REslGgtEjVhpGPaYXoBPu9tN6NeO2v2s8hN9GsVdzIoL_9WBr-SD2ErCW8awkv_5aE_ht-jS1mufTKu79XgyjKy5bzhDSX_BTHDvCVUFHC-B8u_phRddxwGIzmlJ6f0JG8klVN6peHD6QpH_BBX0T8edJWM6ruoBuPTEWsKwgQ_sZnsn9XTZy7_pctu7Pvs_uQCvt-DjymHeCQppQzRJx-NxUI</recordid><startdate>19890201</startdate><enddate>19890201</enddate><creator>McGlade-McCulloh, Ellen</creator><creator>Morrissey, Alice M.</creator><creator>Norona, Fernando</creator><creator>Muller, Kenneth J.</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19890201</creationdate><title>Individual Microglia Move Rapidly and Directly to Nerve Lesions in the Leech Central Nervous System</title><author>McGlade-McCulloh, Ellen ; Morrissey, Alice M. ; Norona, Fernando ; Muller, Kenneth J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c582t-ca8370bfe0bdeb69253cd90fd8bc189189c4f88bbb4bf219a97d094252f5be13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1989</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Annelida and closely related phyla: sipuncula. Echiura. Nemertinea</topic><topic>Axons</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cell motility</topic><topic>Cell Movement - drug effects</topic><topic>Cell nucleus</topic><topic>Dyes</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Hirudo medicinalis</topic><topic>Invertebrates</topic><topic>Leeches</topic><topic>Lesions</topic><topic>Magnesium - pharmacology</topic><topic>Microglia</topic><topic>Nerves</topic><topic>Nervous System Physiological Phenomena</topic><topic>Neuroglia</topic><topic>Neuroglia - cytology</topic><topic>Neuroglia - drug effects</topic><topic>Neuroglia - physiology</topic><topic>Neurons</topic><topic>Phagocytes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>McGlade-McCulloh, Ellen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morrissey, Alice M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Norona, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muller, Kenneth J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>McGlade-McCulloh, Ellen</au><au>Morrissey, Alice M.</au><au>Norona, Fernando</au><au>Muller, Kenneth J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Individual Microglia Move Rapidly and Directly to Nerve Lesions in the Leech Central Nervous System</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>1989-02-01</date><risdate>1989</risdate><volume>86</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>1093</spage><epage>1097</epage><pages>1093-1097</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><coden>PNASA6</coden><abstract>Small cells called microglia, which collect at nerve lesions, were tracked as they moved within the leech nerve cord to crushes made minutes or hours before. The aim of this study was to determine whether microglia respond as a group and move en masse or instead move individually, at different rates, and whether they move along axons directly to the lesion or take another route, such as along the edges of the nerve cord. Cell nuclei in living nerve cords were stained with Hoechst 33258 dye and observed under dim ultraviolet illumination using fluorescence optics, a low-light video camera, and computer-assisted signal enhancement. Muscular movements of the cord were selectively reduced by bathing in 23 mM MgCl2. Regions of nerve cord within 300 μ m of the crush were observed for 2-6 hr. Only a fraction of microglia, typically <50%, moved at any time, traveling toward the lesion at speeds up to 7 μ /min.. Cells were moving as soon as observation began, within 15 min of crushing, and traveled directly toward the lesion along axons or axon tracts. Movements and roles of leech microglia are compared with their vertebrate counterparts, which are also active and respond to nerve injury.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</pub><pmid>2915975</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.86.3.1093</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0027-8424 |
| ispartof | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1989-02, Vol.86 (3), p.1093-1097 |
| issn | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pascalfrancis_primary_6753598 |
| source | MEDLINE; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Animals Annelida and closely related phyla: sipuncula. Echiura. Nemertinea Axons Biological and medical sciences Cell motility Cell Movement - drug effects Cell nucleus Dyes Freshwater Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hirudo medicinalis Invertebrates Leeches Lesions Magnesium - pharmacology Microglia Nerves Nervous System Physiological Phenomena Neuroglia Neuroglia - cytology Neuroglia - drug effects Neuroglia - physiology Neurons Phagocytes |
| title | Individual Microglia Move Rapidly and Directly to Nerve Lesions in the Leech Central Nervous System |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-07T05%3A38%3A55IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-jstor_pasca&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Individual%20Microglia%20Move%20Rapidly%20and%20Directly%20to%20Nerve%20Lesions%20in%20the%20Leech%20Central%20Nervous%20System&rft.jtitle=Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences%20-%20PNAS&rft.au=McGlade-McCulloh,%20Ellen&rft.date=1989-02-01&rft.volume=86&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=1093&rft.epage=1097&rft.pages=1093-1097&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft.eissn=1091-6490&rft.coden=PNASA6&rft_id=info:doi/10.1073/pnas.86.3.1093&rft_dat=%3Cjstor_pasca%3E33350%3C/jstor_pasca%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=15187239&rft_id=info:pmid/2915975&rft_jstor_id=33350&rfr_iscdi=true |