Design and testing of a high temperature superconducting current lead
The high critical temperature and low thermal conductivity of the ceramic superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O were utilized to reduce the Joule heating and the heat leak in a vapor-cooled current lead design of nominally 1-kA capacity. The lead consists of a lower superconducting part and an upper normal metal...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States) 1991-03, Vol.27 (2), p.1861-1865 |
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| container_title | IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States) |
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| creator | Wu, J.L. Dederer, J.T. Eckels, P.W. Singh, S.K. Hull, J.R. Poeppel, R.B. Youngdahl, C.A. Singh, J.P. Lanagan, M.T. Balachandran, U. |
| description | The high critical temperature and low thermal conductivity of the ceramic superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O were utilized to reduce the Joule heating and the heat leak in a vapor-cooled current lead design of nominally 1-kA capacity. The lead consists of a lower superconducting part and an upper normal metal (copper) part. The superconducting part is an assembly of 20 rectangular bars fabricated from a composite of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Ag (15% vol.). This part is designed to operate below the critical temperature of the ceramic superconductor. The copper part, consisting of 20 copper wires, extends outside of the cryostat and interfaces to the room-temperature power supply. The lead was successfully tested in a liquid-helium cryostat for currents up to 2 kA. At the optimum operating currents of 1.7-1.8 kA, the helium boil-off measurements show heat leak reduction of approximately 40% from the conventional designs. Details of the design, fabrication issues, and the testing are presented. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/20.133559 |
| format | Article |
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The lead consists of a lower superconducting part and an upper normal metal (copper) part. The superconducting part is an assembly of 20 rectangular bars fabricated from a composite of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Ag (15% vol.). This part is designed to operate below the critical temperature of the ceramic superconductor. The copper part, consisting of 20 copper wires, extends outside of the cryostat and interfaces to the room-temperature power supply. The lead was successfully tested in a liquid-helium cryostat for currents up to 2 kA. At the optimum operating currents of 1.7-1.8 kA, the helium boil-off measurements show heat leak reduction of approximately 40% from the conventional designs. Details of the design, fabrication issues, and the testing are presented.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9464</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1941-0069</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/20.133559</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IEMGAQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS ; Applied sciences ; Assembly ; BARIUM COMPOUNDS ; BARIUM OXIDES ; Bars ; Ceramics ; CHALCOGENIDES ; COMPOSITE MATERIALS ; CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY ; CONTROL EQUIPMENT ; COPPER ; COPPER COMPOUNDS ; COPPER OXIDES ; CRYOSTATS ; CURRENTS ; DESIGN ; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY ; ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS ; ELECTRIC CURRENTS ; ELECTRIC HEATING ; Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering ; ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES ; ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT ; ELEMENTS ; Exact sciences and technology ; FABRICATION ; FLUIDS ; GASES ; GOLD ; HEATING ; HELIUM ; High temperature superconductors ; HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS ; JOULE HEATING ; MATERIALS ; METALS ; NONMETALS ; OXIDES ; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS ; PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ; PLASMA HEATING ; POWER SUPPLIES ; RARE GASES ; RESISTANCE HEATING ; Superconducting filaments and wires ; SUPERCONDUCTING WIRES ; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY ; SUPERCONDUCTORS ; TESTING ; THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY ; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES ; THERMOSTATS ; TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS ; TRANSITION ELEMENTS ; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE ; Various equipment and components ; WIRES ; Yttrium barium copper oxide ; YTTRIUM COMPOUNDS 665412 -- Superconducting Devices-- (1992-) ; YTTRIUM OXIDES</subject><ispartof>IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States), 1991-03, Vol.27 (2), p.1861-1865</ispartof><rights>1991 INIST-CNRS</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c539t-41d35d2f0628f54b5ac160509fe340622beed3732c9d9c3e0ae7395bc69d80733</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c539t-41d35d2f0628f54b5ac160509fe340622beed3732c9d9c3e0ae7395bc69d80733</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/133559$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,309,310,314,780,784,789,790,796,885,23930,23931,25140,27924,27925,54758</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/133559$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=19587030$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/5690649$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wu, J.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dederer, J.T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eckels, P.W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, S.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hull, J.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poeppel, R.B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Youngdahl, C.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, J.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lanagan, M.T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balachandran, U.</creatorcontrib><title>Design and testing of a high temperature superconducting current lead</title><title>IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States)</title><addtitle>TMAG</addtitle><description>The high critical temperature and low thermal conductivity of the ceramic superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O were utilized to reduce the Joule heating and the heat leak in a vapor-cooled current lead design of nominally 1-kA capacity. The lead consists of a lower superconducting part and an upper normal metal (copper) part. The superconducting part is an assembly of 20 rectangular bars fabricated from a composite of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Ag (15% vol.). This part is designed to operate below the critical temperature of the ceramic superconductor. The copper part, consisting of 20 copper wires, extends outside of the cryostat and interfaces to the room-temperature power supply. The lead was successfully tested in a liquid-helium cryostat for currents up to 2 kA. At the optimum operating currents of 1.7-1.8 kA, the helium boil-off measurements show heat leak reduction of approximately 40% from the conventional designs. Details of the design, fabrication issues, and the testing are presented.</description><subject>ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Assembly</subject><subject>BARIUM COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>BARIUM OXIDES</subject><subject>Bars</subject><subject>Ceramics</subject><subject>CHALCOGENIDES</subject><subject>COMPOSITE MATERIALS</subject><subject>CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY</subject><subject>CONTROL EQUIPMENT</subject><subject>COPPER</subject><subject>COPPER COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>COPPER OXIDES</subject><subject>CRYOSTATS</subject><subject>CURRENTS</subject><subject>DESIGN</subject><subject>ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY</subject><subject>ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS</subject><subject>ELECTRIC CURRENTS</subject><subject>ELECTRIC HEATING</subject><subject>Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering</subject><subject>ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES</subject><subject>ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT</subject><subject>ELEMENTS</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>FABRICATION</subject><subject>FLUIDS</subject><subject>GASES</subject><subject>GOLD</subject><subject>HEATING</subject><subject>HELIUM</subject><subject>High temperature superconductors</subject><subject>HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS</subject><subject>JOULE HEATING</subject><subject>MATERIALS</subject><subject>METALS</subject><subject>NONMETALS</subject><subject>OXIDES</subject><subject>OXYGEN COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>PHYSICAL PROPERTIES</subject><subject>PLASMA HEATING</subject><subject>POWER SUPPLIES</subject><subject>RARE GASES</subject><subject>RESISTANCE HEATING</subject><subject>Superconducting filaments and wires</subject><subject>SUPERCONDUCTING WIRES</subject><subject>SUPERCONDUCTIVITY</subject><subject>SUPERCONDUCTORS</subject><subject>TESTING</subject><subject>THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY</subject><subject>THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES</subject><subject>THERMOSTATS</subject><subject>TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>TRANSITION ELEMENTS</subject><subject>TRANSITION TEMPERATURE</subject><subject>Various equipment and components</subject><subject>WIRES</subject><subject>Yttrium barium copper oxide</subject><subject>YTTRIUM COMPOUNDS 665412 -- Superconducting Devices-- (1992-)</subject><subject>YTTRIUM OXIDES</subject><issn>0018-9464</issn><issn>1941-0069</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1991</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkbtPwzAQxi0EEqUwsDJFSCAxBM7P2CMq5SFVYoE5cp1LG5Q6xU4G_ntMU6kr03eP33260xFySeGeUjAPLCnnUpojMqFG0BxAmWMyAaA6N0KJU3IW41dKhaQwIfMnjM3KZ9ZXWY-xb_wq6-rMZutmtU6VzRaD7YeAWRxS6DpfDW5HuSEE9H3Woq3OyUlt24gXe52Sz-f5x-w1X7y_vM0eF7mT3PS5oBWXFatBMV1LsZTWUQUSTI1cpCJbIla84MyZyjiOYLHgRi6dMpWGgvMpuR59u7RpGV3To1unnTy6vpTKgBImQbcjtA3d95BuKjdNdNi21mM3xJJprbRhxT_AQisB_wEZ41zoBN6NoAtdjAHrchuajQ0_JYXy7z8lS7r7T2Jv9qY2OtvWwXrXxMOAkboADom7GrkGEQ_t0eQXHgCVog</recordid><startdate>19910301</startdate><enddate>19910301</enddate><creator>Wu, J.L.</creator><creator>Dederer, J.T.</creator><creator>Eckels, P.W.</creator><creator>Singh, S.K.</creator><creator>Hull, J.R.</creator><creator>Poeppel, R.B.</creator><creator>Youngdahl, C.A.</creator><creator>Singh, J.P.</creator><creator>Lanagan, M.T.</creator><creator>Balachandran, U.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19910301</creationdate><title>Design and testing of a high temperature superconducting current lead</title><author>Wu, J.L. ; Dederer, J.T. ; Eckels, P.W. ; Singh, S.K. ; Hull, J.R. ; Poeppel, R.B. ; Youngdahl, C.A. ; Singh, J.P. ; Lanagan, M.T. ; Balachandran, U.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c539t-41d35d2f0628f54b5ac160509fe340622beed3732c9d9c3e0ae7395bc69d80733</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1991</creationdate><topic>ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Assembly</topic><topic>BARIUM COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>BARIUM OXIDES</topic><topic>Bars</topic><topic>Ceramics</topic><topic>CHALCOGENIDES</topic><topic>COMPOSITE MATERIALS</topic><topic>CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY</topic><topic>CONTROL EQUIPMENT</topic><topic>COPPER</topic><topic>COPPER COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>COPPER OXIDES</topic><topic>CRYOSTATS</topic><topic>CURRENTS</topic><topic>DESIGN</topic><topic>ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY</topic><topic>ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS</topic><topic>ELECTRIC CURRENTS</topic><topic>ELECTRIC HEATING</topic><topic>Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering</topic><topic>ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES</topic><topic>ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT</topic><topic>ELEMENTS</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>FABRICATION</topic><topic>FLUIDS</topic><topic>GASES</topic><topic>GOLD</topic><topic>HEATING</topic><topic>HELIUM</topic><topic>High temperature superconductors</topic><topic>HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS</topic><topic>JOULE HEATING</topic><topic>MATERIALS</topic><topic>METALS</topic><topic>NONMETALS</topic><topic>OXIDES</topic><topic>OXYGEN COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>PHYSICAL PROPERTIES</topic><topic>PLASMA HEATING</topic><topic>POWER SUPPLIES</topic><topic>RARE GASES</topic><topic>RESISTANCE HEATING</topic><topic>Superconducting filaments and wires</topic><topic>SUPERCONDUCTING WIRES</topic><topic>SUPERCONDUCTIVITY</topic><topic>SUPERCONDUCTORS</topic><topic>TESTING</topic><topic>THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY</topic><topic>THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES</topic><topic>THERMOSTATS</topic><topic>TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>TRANSITION ELEMENTS</topic><topic>TRANSITION TEMPERATURE</topic><topic>Various equipment and components</topic><topic>WIRES</topic><topic>Yttrium barium copper oxide</topic><topic>YTTRIUM COMPOUNDS 665412 -- Superconducting Devices-- (1992-)</topic><topic>YTTRIUM OXIDES</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wu, J.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dederer, J.T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eckels, P.W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, S.K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hull, J.R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Poeppel, R.B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Youngdahl, C.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, J.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lanagan, M.T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balachandran, U.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wu, J.L.</au><au>Dederer, J.T.</au><au>Eckels, P.W.</au><au>Singh, S.K.</au><au>Hull, J.R.</au><au>Poeppel, R.B.</au><au>Youngdahl, C.A.</au><au>Singh, J.P.</au><au>Lanagan, M.T.</au><au>Balachandran, U.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Design and testing of a high temperature superconducting current lead</atitle><jtitle>IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States)</jtitle><stitle>TMAG</stitle><date>1991-03-01</date><risdate>1991</risdate><volume>27</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>1861</spage><epage>1865</epage><pages>1861-1865</pages><issn>0018-9464</issn><eissn>1941-0069</eissn><coden>IEMGAQ</coden><abstract>The high critical temperature and low thermal conductivity of the ceramic superconductor Y-Ba-Cu-O were utilized to reduce the Joule heating and the heat leak in a vapor-cooled current lead design of nominally 1-kA capacity. The lead consists of a lower superconducting part and an upper normal metal (copper) part. The superconducting part is an assembly of 20 rectangular bars fabricated from a composite of Y-Ba-Cu-O and Ag (15% vol.). This part is designed to operate below the critical temperature of the ceramic superconductor. The copper part, consisting of 20 copper wires, extends outside of the cryostat and interfaces to the room-temperature power supply. The lead was successfully tested in a liquid-helium cryostat for currents up to 2 kA. At the optimum operating currents of 1.7-1.8 kA, the helium boil-off measurements show heat leak reduction of approximately 40% from the conventional designs. Details of the design, fabrication issues, and the testing are presented.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/20.133559</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0018-9464 |
| ispartof | IEEE Transactions on Magnetics (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers); (United States), 1991-03, Vol.27 (2), p.1861-1865 |
| issn | 0018-9464 1941-0069 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pascalfrancis_primary_19587030 |
| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | ALKALINE EARTH METAL COMPOUNDS Applied sciences Assembly BARIUM COMPOUNDS BARIUM OXIDES Bars Ceramics CHALCOGENIDES COMPOSITE MATERIALS CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY CONTROL EQUIPMENT COPPER COPPER COMPOUNDS COPPER OXIDES CRYOSTATS CURRENTS DESIGN ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY ELECTRIC CONDUCTORS ELECTRIC CURRENTS ELECTRIC HEATING Electrical engineering. Electrical power engineering ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT ELEMENTS Exact sciences and technology FABRICATION FLUIDS GASES GOLD HEATING HELIUM High temperature superconductors HIGH-TC SUPERCONDUCTORS JOULE HEATING MATERIALS METALS NONMETALS OXIDES OXYGEN COMPOUNDS PHYSICAL PROPERTIES PLASMA HEATING POWER SUPPLIES RARE GASES RESISTANCE HEATING Superconducting filaments and wires SUPERCONDUCTING WIRES SUPERCONDUCTIVITY SUPERCONDUCTORS TESTING THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES THERMOSTATS TRANSITION ELEMENT COMPOUNDS TRANSITION ELEMENTS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE Various equipment and components WIRES Yttrium barium copper oxide YTTRIUM COMPOUNDS 665412 -- Superconducting Devices-- (1992-) YTTRIUM OXIDES |
| title | Design and testing of a high temperature superconducting current lead |
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