A fully integrated 24-GHz phased-array transmitter in CMOS
This paper presents the first fully integrated 24-GHz phased-array transmitter designed using 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS transistors. The four-element array includes four on-chip CMOS power amplifiers, with outputs matched to 50 /spl Omega/, that are each capable of generating up to 14.5 dBm of output powe...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE journal of solid-state circuits 2005-12, Vol.40 (12), p.2502-2514 |
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| container_end_page | 2514 |
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| container_issue | 12 |
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| container_title | IEEE journal of solid-state circuits |
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| creator | Natarajan, A. Komijani, A. Hajimiri, A. |
| description | This paper presents the first fully integrated 24-GHz phased-array transmitter designed using 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS transistors. The four-element array includes four on-chip CMOS power amplifiers, with outputs matched to 50 /spl Omega/, that are each capable of generating up to 14.5 dBm of output power at 24 GHz. The heterodyne transmitter has a two-step quadrature up-conversion architecture with local oscillator (LO) frequencies of 4.8 and 19.2 GHz, which are generated by an on-chip frequency synthesizer. Four-bit LO path phase shifting is implemented in each element at 19.2 GHz, and the transmitter achieves a peak-to-null ratio of 23 dB with raw beam-steering resolution of 7/spl deg/ for radiation normal to the array. The transmitter can support data rates of 500 Mb/s on each channel (with BPSK modulation) and occupies 6.8 mm /spl times/ 2.1 mm of die area. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/JSSC.2005.857420 |
| format | Article |
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The four-element array includes four on-chip CMOS power amplifiers, with outputs matched to 50 /spl Omega/, that are each capable of generating up to 14.5 dBm of output power at 24 GHz. The heterodyne transmitter has a two-step quadrature up-conversion architecture with local oscillator (LO) frequencies of 4.8 and 19.2 GHz, which are generated by an on-chip frequency synthesizer. Four-bit LO path phase shifting is implemented in each element at 19.2 GHz, and the transmitter achieves a peak-to-null ratio of 23 dB with raw beam-steering resolution of 7/spl deg/ for radiation normal to the array. The transmitter can support data rates of 500 Mb/s on each channel (with BPSK modulation) and occupies 6.8 mm /spl times/ 2.1 mm of die area.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9200</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-173X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/JSSC.2005.857420</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IJSCBC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Amplifiers ; Applied sciences ; Arrays ; Circuit properties ; Circuits ; CMOS ; CMOS technology ; Costs ; Design. Technologies. Operation analysis. Testing ; Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits ; Electronic circuits ; Electronics ; Exact sciences and technology ; Frequency ; Integrated circuits ; Local oscillators ; Modulation ; multiphase oscillator ; Noise levels ; Oscillators ; Oscillators, resonators, synthetizers ; Phased arrays ; Power amplifiers ; Power generation ; radar ; Radar applications ; Radio transmitters ; Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. 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(IEEE) 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-8fb15c85cad858c8736182e8c89fd8a99c02ba16db505fb86a269cfa33b1e6e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-8fb15c85cad858c8736182e8c89fd8a99c02ba16db505fb86a269cfa33b1e6e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1546226$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,796,27924,27925,54758</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1546226$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17306506$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Natarajan, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Komijani, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hajimiri, A.</creatorcontrib><title>A fully integrated 24-GHz phased-array transmitter in CMOS</title><title>IEEE journal of solid-state circuits</title><addtitle>JSSC</addtitle><description>This paper presents the first fully integrated 24-GHz phased-array transmitter designed using 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS transistors. The four-element array includes four on-chip CMOS power amplifiers, with outputs matched to 50 /spl Omega/, that are each capable of generating up to 14.5 dBm of output power at 24 GHz. The heterodyne transmitter has a two-step quadrature up-conversion architecture with local oscillator (LO) frequencies of 4.8 and 19.2 GHz, which are generated by an on-chip frequency synthesizer. Four-bit LO path phase shifting is implemented in each element at 19.2 GHz, and the transmitter achieves a peak-to-null ratio of 23 dB with raw beam-steering resolution of 7/spl deg/ for radiation normal to the array. The transmitter can support data rates of 500 Mb/s on each channel (with BPSK modulation) and occupies 6.8 mm /spl times/ 2.1 mm of die area.</description><subject>Amplifiers</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Arrays</subject><subject>Circuit properties</subject><subject>Circuits</subject><subject>CMOS</subject><subject>CMOS technology</subject><subject>Costs</subject><subject>Design. Technologies. Operation analysis. Testing</subject><subject>Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits</subject><subject>Electronic circuits</subject><subject>Electronics</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Frequency</subject><subject>Integrated circuits</subject><subject>Local oscillators</subject><subject>Modulation</subject><subject>multiphase oscillator</subject><subject>Noise levels</subject><subject>Oscillators</subject><subject>Oscillators, resonators, synthetizers</subject><subject>Phased arrays</subject><subject>Power amplifiers</subject><subject>Power generation</subject><subject>radar</subject><subject>Radar applications</subject><subject>Radio transmitters</subject><subject>Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices</subject><subject>Transistors</subject><subject>transmitter</subject><subject>Transmitters</subject><subject>Upconversion</subject><subject>Wireless communication</subject><subject>wireless communications</subject><issn>0018-9200</issn><issn>1558-173X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kMFLwzAUh4MoOKd3wUsRFC-dL2mTJt5G0U2Z7LAdvIU0TbSj62bSHuZfb0YHAw-e3nv8vvfgfQhdYxhhDOLxbbHIRwSAjjjNUgInaIAp5THOko9TNADAPBYhP0cX3q_CmKYcD9DTOLJdXe-iqmnNp1OtKSOSxpPpT7T9Ut6UsXJO7aLWqcavq7Y1LqBR_j5fXKIzq2pvrg51iJYvz8t8Gs_mk9d8PIs1JbiNuS0w1ZxqVXLKNc8ShjkxoRO25EoIDaRQmJUFBWoLzhRhQluVJAU2zCRDdN-f3brNd2d8K9eV16auVWM2nZeEA6QUIIAP_4KYZZgIwoAH9PYPutp0rglfSIGDJE4hDRD0kHYb752xcuuqtXI7iUHuncu9c7l3LnvnYeXucFd5rWobpOnKH_eyBBgFFribnquMMceYpowQlvwCtMSHbQ</recordid><startdate>20051201</startdate><enddate>20051201</enddate><creator>Natarajan, A.</creator><creator>Komijani, A.</creator><creator>Hajimiri, A.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>7U5</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20051201</creationdate><title>A fully integrated 24-GHz phased-array transmitter in CMOS</title><author>Natarajan, A. ; Komijani, A. ; Hajimiri, A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c521t-8fb15c85cad858c8736182e8c89fd8a99c02ba16db505fb86a269cfa33b1e6e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Amplifiers</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Arrays</topic><topic>Circuit properties</topic><topic>Circuits</topic><topic>CMOS</topic><topic>CMOS technology</topic><topic>Costs</topic><topic>Design. Technologies. Operation analysis. Testing</topic><topic>Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits</topic><topic>Electronic circuits</topic><topic>Electronics</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Frequency</topic><topic>Integrated circuits</topic><topic>Local oscillators</topic><topic>Modulation</topic><topic>multiphase oscillator</topic><topic>Noise levels</topic><topic>Oscillators</topic><topic>Oscillators, resonators, synthetizers</topic><topic>Phased arrays</topic><topic>Power amplifiers</topic><topic>Power generation</topic><topic>radar</topic><topic>Radar applications</topic><topic>Radio transmitters</topic><topic>Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices</topic><topic>Transistors</topic><topic>transmitter</topic><topic>Transmitters</topic><topic>Upconversion</topic><topic>Wireless communication</topic><topic>wireless communications</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Natarajan, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Komijani, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hajimiri, A.</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005-present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present</collection><collection>IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><jtitle>IEEE journal of solid-state circuits</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Natarajan, A.</au><au>Komijani, A.</au><au>Hajimiri, A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A fully integrated 24-GHz phased-array transmitter in CMOS</atitle><jtitle>IEEE journal of solid-state circuits</jtitle><stitle>JSSC</stitle><date>2005-12-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>2502</spage><epage>2514</epage><pages>2502-2514</pages><issn>0018-9200</issn><eissn>1558-173X</eissn><coden>IJSCBC</coden><abstract>This paper presents the first fully integrated 24-GHz phased-array transmitter designed using 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS transistors. The four-element array includes four on-chip CMOS power amplifiers, with outputs matched to 50 /spl Omega/, that are each capable of generating up to 14.5 dBm of output power at 24 GHz. The heterodyne transmitter has a two-step quadrature up-conversion architecture with local oscillator (LO) frequencies of 4.8 and 19.2 GHz, which are generated by an on-chip frequency synthesizer. Four-bit LO path phase shifting is implemented in each element at 19.2 GHz, and the transmitter achieves a peak-to-null ratio of 23 dB with raw beam-steering resolution of 7/spl deg/ for radiation normal to the array. The transmitter can support data rates of 500 Mb/s on each channel (with BPSK modulation) and occupies 6.8 mm /spl times/ 2.1 mm of die area.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/JSSC.2005.857420</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0018-9200 |
| ispartof | IEEE journal of solid-state circuits, 2005-12, Vol.40 (12), p.2502-2514 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Amplifiers Applied sciences Arrays Circuit properties Circuits CMOS CMOS technology Costs Design. Technologies. Operation analysis. Testing Electric, optical and optoelectronic circuits Electronic circuits Electronics Exact sciences and technology Frequency Integrated circuits Local oscillators Modulation multiphase oscillator Noise levels Oscillators Oscillators, resonators, synthetizers Phased arrays Power amplifiers Power generation radar Radar applications Radio transmitters Semiconductor electronics. Microelectronics. Optoelectronics. Solid state devices Transistors transmitter Transmitters Upconversion Wireless communication wireless communications |
| title | A fully integrated 24-GHz phased-array transmitter in CMOS |
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