Frequency dependence of speckle in continuous-wave ultrasound with implications for blood perfusion measurements
Speckle in continuous wave (CW) Doppler has previously been found to cause large variations in detected Doppler power in blood perfusion measurements, where a large number of blood vessels are present in the sample volume. This artifact can be suppressed by using a number of simultaneously transmitt...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 2002-06, Vol.49 (6), p.715-725 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control |
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| creator | Jansson, T. Jurkonis, R. Mast, T.D. Persson, H.W. Lindstrom, K. |
| description | Speckle in continuous wave (CW) Doppler has previously been found to cause large variations in detected Doppler power in blood perfusion measurements, where a large number of blood vessels are present in the sample volume. This artifact can be suppressed by using a number of simultaneously transmitted frequencies and averaging the detected signals. To optimize the strategy, statistical properties of speckle in CW ultrasound need to be known. This paper presents analysis of the frequency separation necessary to obtain independent values of the received power for CW ultrasound using a simplified mathematical model for insonation of a static, lossless, statistically homogeneous, weakly scattering medium. Specifically, the autocovariance function for received power is derived, which functionally is the square of the (deterministic) autocorrelation function of the effective sample volumes produced by the transducer pair for varying frequencies, at least if a delta correlated medium is assumed. A marginal broadening of the modeled autocovariance functions is expected for insonation of blood. The theory is applicable to any transducer aperture, but has been experimentally verified here with 5-MHz, 6.35-mm circular transducers using an agar phantom containing small, randomly dispersed glass particles. A similar experimental verification of a transducer used in multiple-frequency blood perfusion measurements shows that the model proposed in this paper is plausible for explaining the decorrelation between different channels in such a measurement. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TUFFC.2002.1009330 |
| format | Article |
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This artifact can be suppressed by using a number of simultaneously transmitted frequencies and averaging the detected signals. To optimize the strategy, statistical properties of speckle in CW ultrasound need to be known. This paper presents analysis of the frequency separation necessary to obtain independent values of the received power for CW ultrasound using a simplified mathematical model for insonation of a static, lossless, statistically homogeneous, weakly scattering medium. Specifically, the autocovariance function for received power is derived, which functionally is the square of the (deterministic) autocorrelation function of the effective sample volumes produced by the transducer pair for varying frequencies, at least if a delta correlated medium is assumed. A marginal broadening of the modeled autocovariance functions is expected for insonation of blood. The theory is applicable to any transducer aperture, but has been experimentally verified here with 5-MHz, 6.35-mm circular transducers using an agar phantom containing small, randomly dispersed glass particles. A similar experimental verification of a transducer used in multiple-frequency blood perfusion measurements shows that the model proposed in this paper is plausible for explaining the decorrelation between different channels in such a measurement.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0885-3010</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-8955</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TUFFC.2002.1009330</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12075965</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITUCER</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York, NY: IEEE</publisher><subject>Acoustic signal processing ; Acoustical measurements and instrumentation ; Acoustics ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Blood vessels ; Cardiovascular ; Cardiovascular system ; Engineering and Technology ; Exact sciences and technology ; Frequency dependence ; Frequency measurement ; Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) ; Imaging ; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) ; Mathematical models ; Medical Engineering ; Medical sciences ; Medicinteknik ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Models, Structural ; Non-U.S. Gov't ; Phantoms ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Physics ; Power measurement ; Regional Blood Flow - physiology ; Rheology ; Signal detection ; Speckle ; Structural ; Studies ; Support ; Teknik ; Transducers ; Ultrasonic imaging ; Ultrasonic investigative techniques ; Ultrasonic variables measurement ; Ultrasonography - methods ; Volume measurement</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control, 2002-06, Vol.49 (6), p.715-725</ispartof><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2002</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c583t-f8986bb66bf6e5514d80733ad463a19cf72e7295acd5ef4573729abc26b1b21d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c583t-f8986bb66bf6e5514d80733ad463a19cf72e7295acd5ef4573729abc26b1b21d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1009330$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,550,776,780,792,881,27901,27902,54733</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1009330$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13704172$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12075965$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://lup.lub.lu.se/record/108933$$DView record from Swedish Publication Index$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jansson, T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jurkonis, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mast, T.D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Persson, H.W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lindstrom, K.</creatorcontrib><title>Frequency dependence of speckle in continuous-wave ultrasound with implications for blood perfusion measurements</title><title>IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control</title><addtitle>T-UFFC</addtitle><addtitle>IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control</addtitle><description>Speckle in continuous wave (CW) Doppler has previously been found to cause large variations in detected Doppler power in blood perfusion measurements, where a large number of blood vessels are present in the sample volume. This artifact can be suppressed by using a number of simultaneously transmitted frequencies and averaging the detected signals. To optimize the strategy, statistical properties of speckle in CW ultrasound need to be known. This paper presents analysis of the frequency separation necessary to obtain independent values of the received power for CW ultrasound using a simplified mathematical model for insonation of a static, lossless, statistically homogeneous, weakly scattering medium. Specifically, the autocovariance function for received power is derived, which functionally is the square of the (deterministic) autocorrelation function of the effective sample volumes produced by the transducer pair for varying frequencies, at least if a delta correlated medium is assumed. A marginal broadening of the modeled autocovariance functions is expected for insonation of blood. The theory is applicable to any transducer aperture, but has been experimentally verified here with 5-MHz, 6.35-mm circular transducers using an agar phantom containing small, randomly dispersed glass particles. A similar experimental verification of a transducer used in multiple-frequency blood perfusion measurements shows that the model proposed in this paper is plausible for explaining the decorrelation between different channels in such a measurement.</description><subject>Acoustic signal processing</subject><subject>Acoustical measurements and instrumentation</subject><subject>Acoustics</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Flow Velocity</subject><subject>Blood vessels</subject><subject>Cardiovascular</subject><subject>Cardiovascular system</subject><subject>Engineering and Technology</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Frequency dependence</subject><subject>Frequency measurement</subject><subject>Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Medical Engineering</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicinteknik</subject><subject>Models, Cardiovascular</subject><subject>Models, Structural</subject><subject>Non-U.S. Gov't</subject><subject>Phantoms</subject><subject>Phantoms, Imaging</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Power measurement</subject><subject>Regional Blood Flow - physiology</subject><subject>Rheology</subject><subject>Signal detection</subject><subject>Speckle</subject><subject>Structural</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Support</subject><subject>Teknik</subject><subject>Transducers</subject><subject>Ultrasonic imaging</subject><subject>Ultrasonic investigative techniques</subject><subject>Ultrasonic variables measurement</subject><subject>Ultrasonography - methods</subject><subject>Volume measurement</subject><issn>0885-3010</issn><issn>1525-8955</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>D8T</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkl2L1DAYhYso7rj6BxQkCOpVx3y2yaUMjgoD3uxehzR5g13bpCbtDvvvTZ3BFS_ci5d88LznwOFU1UuCt4Rg9eHqer_fbSnGdEswVozhR9WGCCpqqYR4XG2wlKJmmOCL6lnONxgTzhV9Wl0QiluhGrGppn2CnwsEe4ccTBBcuQKKHuUJ7I8BUB-QjWHuwxKXXB_NLaBlmJPJcQkOHfv5O-rHaeitmfsYMvIxoW6I0aEJkl9y-UQjmLwkGCHM-Xn1xJshw4vzeVld7z9d7b7Uh2-fv-4-HmorJJtrL5Vsuq5pOt-AEIQ7iVvGjOMNM0RZ31JoqRLGOgGei5aVl-ksbTrSUeLYZXU46eYjTEunp9SPJt3paHo9LFOZrozOoJ2XAN5ZzXyDNW-404YKqoVUximg1JiuyL0_yU0plrzyrMc-WxgGE6AEoxVuVcsVpoV891-yJZILSpoHQSoZbhjlD4MtWZ1FAd_8A97EJYUSs5aS82IrV1t6gmyKOSfwf6IhWK-90r97pdde6XOvytLrs_LSjeDuV85FKsDbM2CyNYNPJtg-33OsxZy0azqvTlwPAH85n2x-AYfH3-w</recordid><startdate>20020601</startdate><enddate>20020601</enddate><creator>Jansson, T.</creator><creator>Jurkonis, R.</creator><creator>Mast, T.D.</creator><creator>Persson, H.W.</creator><creator>Lindstrom, K.</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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Academic</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>SwePub</collection><collection>SWEPUB Lunds universitet full text</collection><collection>SwePub Articles</collection><collection>SWEPUB Freely available online</collection><collection>SWEPUB Lunds universitet</collection><collection>SwePub Articles full text</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jansson, T.</au><au>Jurkonis, R.</au><au>Mast, T.D.</au><au>Persson, H.W.</au><au>Lindstrom, K.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Frequency dependence of speckle in continuous-wave ultrasound with implications for blood perfusion measurements</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control</jtitle><stitle>T-UFFC</stitle><addtitle>IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control</addtitle><date>2002-06-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>715</spage><epage>725</epage><pages>715-725</pages><issn>0885-3010</issn><eissn>1525-8955</eissn><coden>ITUCER</coden><abstract>Speckle in continuous wave (CW) Doppler has previously been found to cause large variations in detected Doppler power in blood perfusion measurements, where a large number of blood vessels are present in the sample volume. This artifact can be suppressed by using a number of simultaneously transmitted frequencies and averaging the detected signals. To optimize the strategy, statistical properties of speckle in CW ultrasound need to be known. This paper presents analysis of the frequency separation necessary to obtain independent values of the received power for CW ultrasound using a simplified mathematical model for insonation of a static, lossless, statistically homogeneous, weakly scattering medium. Specifically, the autocovariance function for received power is derived, which functionally is the square of the (deterministic) autocorrelation function of the effective sample volumes produced by the transducer pair for varying frequencies, at least if a delta correlated medium is assumed. A marginal broadening of the modeled autocovariance functions is expected for insonation of blood. The theory is applicable to any transducer aperture, but has been experimentally verified here with 5-MHz, 6.35-mm circular transducers using an agar phantom containing small, randomly dispersed glass particles. A similar experimental verification of a transducer used in multiple-frequency blood perfusion measurements shows that the model proposed in this paper is plausible for explaining the decorrelation between different channels in such a measurement.</abstract><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><pmid>12075965</pmid><doi>10.1109/TUFFC.2002.1009330</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acoustic signal processing Acoustical measurements and instrumentation Acoustics Biological and medical sciences Blood Flow Velocity Blood vessels Cardiovascular Cardiovascular system Engineering and Technology Exact sciences and technology Frequency dependence Frequency measurement Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications) Imaging Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Mathematical models Medical Engineering Medical sciences Medicinteknik Models, Cardiovascular Models, Structural Non-U.S. Gov't Phantoms Phantoms, Imaging Physics Power measurement Regional Blood Flow - physiology Rheology Signal detection Speckle Structural Studies Support Teknik Transducers Ultrasonic imaging Ultrasonic investigative techniques Ultrasonic variables measurement Ultrasonography - methods Volume measurement |
| title | Frequency dependence of speckle in continuous-wave ultrasound with implications for blood perfusion measurements |
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