Surface-state hydrogen maser
We describe a hydrogen maser operating at very low temperatures in which most of the hydrogen atoms are condensed on a superfluid helium surface in long-lived states. This proposed maser can be used to obtain information on the properties of the hydrogen--liquid-helium-surface system. In addition, i...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics Atomic, molecular, and optical physics, 1993-11, Vol.48 (5A), p.3921-3929 |
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container_issue | 5A |
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container_title | Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics |
container_volume | 48 |
creator | MAAN, A. C VERHAAR, B. J STOOF, H. T. C SILVERA, I. F |
description | We describe a hydrogen maser operating at very low temperatures in which most of the hydrogen atoms are condensed on a superfluid helium surface in long-lived states. This proposed maser can be used to obtain information on the properties of the hydrogen--liquid-helium-surface system. In addition, it promises to be an interesting system from the point of view of nonlinear dynamics. It is found that the surface recombination to molecular hydrogen, which might be considered as undesirable, is actually necessary to achieve the masing conditions. We develop the maser equations and consider a number of realistic conditions for operation. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1103/PhysRevA.48.3921 |
format | Article |
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C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VERHAAR, B. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>STOOF, H. T. C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SILVERA, I. F</creatorcontrib><title>Surface-state hydrogen maser</title><title>Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics</title><addtitle>Phys Rev A</addtitle><description>We describe a hydrogen maser operating at very low temperatures in which most of the hydrogen atoms are condensed on a superfluid helium surface in long-lived states. This proposed maser can be used to obtain information on the properties of the hydrogen--liquid-helium-surface system. In addition, it promises to be an interesting system from the point of view of nonlinear dynamics. It is found that the surface recombination to molecular hydrogen, which might be considered as undesirable, is actually necessary to achieve the masing conditions. 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F</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c396t-1612fae3f99ad81fe67c3581849dd71cc2aee64be0a8f2546c0c8f2800e990f83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1993</creationdate><topic>426002 - Engineering- Lasers & Masers- (1990-)</topic><topic>AMPLIFIERS</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>BOUNDARY CONDITIONS</topic><topic>Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties</topic><topic>CRYOGENICS</topic><topic>ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT</topic><topic>Electronic tubes, masers</topic><topic>Electronics</topic><topic>ELEMENTS</topic><topic>ENERGY LEVELS</topic><topic>ENGINEERING</topic><topic>EQUATIONS</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>FEASIBILITY STUDIES</topic><topic>FLUIDS</topic><topic>GASES</topic><topic>HELIUM</topic><topic>HYDROGEN</topic><topic>INTERFACES</topic><topic>MASERS</topic><topic>MICROWAVE AMPLIFIERS</topic><topic>MICROWAVE EQUIPMENT</topic><topic>NONLINEAR PROBLEMS</topic><topic>NONMETALS</topic><topic>OPERATION</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Quantum fluids and solids; liquid and solid helium</topic><topic>RARE GASES</topic><topic>RECOMBINATION</topic><topic>Spin-polarized hydrogen and helium</topic><topic>SUPERFLUIDITY</topic><topic>TEMPERATURE RANGE</topic><topic>VAPOR CONDENSATION</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>MAAN, A. C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>VERHAAR, B. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>STOOF, H. T. C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SILVERA, I. F</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>MAAN, A. C</au><au>VERHAAR, B. J</au><au>STOOF, H. T. C</au><au>SILVERA, I. F</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Surface-state hydrogen maser</atitle><jtitle>Physical review. A, Atomic, molecular, and optical physics</jtitle><addtitle>Phys Rev A</addtitle><date>1993-11-01</date><risdate>1993</risdate><volume>48</volume><issue>5A</issue><spage>3921</spage><epage>3929</epage><pages>3921-3929</pages><issn>1050-2947</issn><eissn>1094-1622</eissn><coden>PLRAAN</coden><abstract>We describe a hydrogen maser operating at very low temperatures in which most of the hydrogen atoms are condensed on a superfluid helium surface in long-lived states. This proposed maser can be used to obtain information on the properties of the hydrogen--liquid-helium-surface system. In addition, it promises to be an interesting system from the point of view of nonlinear dynamics. It is found that the surface recombination to molecular hydrogen, which might be considered as undesirable, is actually necessary to achieve the masing conditions. We develop the maser equations and consider a number of realistic conditions for operation.</abstract><cop>College Park, MD</cop><pub>American Physical Society</pub><pmid>9910068</pmid><doi>10.1103/PhysRevA.48.3921</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | 426002 - Engineering- Lasers & Masers- (1990-) AMPLIFIERS Applied sciences BOUNDARY CONDITIONS Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties CRYOGENICS ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT Electronic tubes, masers Electronics ELEMENTS ENERGY LEVELS ENGINEERING EQUATIONS Exact sciences and technology FEASIBILITY STUDIES FLUIDS GASES HELIUM HYDROGEN INTERFACES MASERS MICROWAVE AMPLIFIERS MICROWAVE EQUIPMENT NONLINEAR PROBLEMS NONMETALS OPERATION Physics Quantum fluids and solids liquid and solid helium RARE GASES RECOMBINATION Spin-polarized hydrogen and helium SUPERFLUIDITY TEMPERATURE RANGE VAPOR CONDENSATION |
title | Surface-state hydrogen maser |
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