Subsurface emissions from Mercury - VLA radio observations at 2 and 6 centimeters
Radio observations of Mercury made with the VLA; once in 1986, and on two dates in February of 1988 are presented. These observations are the first to spatially map both hot regions associated with the theoretical hot poles. These 'hot poles' are separated by 180 deg and are a result of th...
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Veröffentlicht in: | The Astrophysical journal 1992, Vol.384 (2), p.640-655 |
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creator | Ledlow, Michael J. Zeilik, Michael Burns, Jack O. Gisler, Galen R. Zhao, Jun-Hui Baker, Daniel N. |
description | Radio observations of Mercury made with the VLA; once in 1986, and on two dates in February of 1988 are presented. These observations are the first to spatially map both hot regions associated with the theoretical hot poles. These 'hot poles' are separated by 180 deg and are a result of the unusual diurnal heating from Mercury's 3/2 spin-orbit resonance and eccentric orbit. The highest resolution data maps areas of the planet as small as 330 km. Maps of total intensity, brightness temperature, polarized intensity, fractional polarization, depolarization, and spectral index are included. It is found that the subsurface thermal emissions from Mercury are characteristic of blackbody reradiation from the solar insolation over a diurnal cycle. These observations to produce full-disk thermophysical models are used. The one-dimensional, time-dependent heat-diffusion equation for all observed disk elements at each epoch in order to constrain thermophsyical parameters and properties of the subsurface material are solved. Using typical lunar values for several of the parameters, it is possible to reproduce the temperature morphology and most of the observed temperature values. It is found that the best-fit models require a substantial contribution of the heat transport in the subsurface to be radiative in nature. The primary difficulty in the models is in predicting the observed temperature differences as a function of frequency. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1086/170906 |
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These observations are the first to spatially map both hot regions associated with the theoretical hot poles. These 'hot poles' are separated by 180 deg and are a result of the unusual diurnal heating from Mercury's 3/2 spin-orbit resonance and eccentric orbit. The highest resolution data maps areas of the planet as small as 330 km. Maps of total intensity, brightness temperature, polarized intensity, fractional polarization, depolarization, and spectral index are included. It is found that the subsurface thermal emissions from Mercury are characteristic of blackbody reradiation from the solar insolation over a diurnal cycle. These observations to produce full-disk thermophysical models are used. The one-dimensional, time-dependent heat-diffusion equation for all observed disk elements at each epoch in order to constrain thermophsyical parameters and properties of the subsurface material are solved. Using typical lunar values for several of the parameters, it is possible to reproduce the temperature morphology and most of the observed temperature values. It is found that the best-fit models require a substantial contribution of the heat transport in the subsurface to be radiative in nature. The primary difficulty in the models is in predicting the observed temperature differences as a function of frequency.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-637X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-4357</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1086/170906</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ASJOAB</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Legacy CDMS: University of Chicago Press</publisher><subject>ASTRONOMY ; CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS ; DAILY VARIATIONS ; Earth, ocean, space ; ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ; ENERGY TRANSFER ; Exact sciences and technology ; HEAT TRANSFER ; HEATING ; Lunar And Planetary Exploration ; MATHEMATICAL MODELS ; Mercury ; MERCURY PLANET ; ONE-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS ; ORBITS ; PLANETS ; Planets, their satellites and rings. Asteroids ; POLARIZATION ; RADIATIONS ; RADIOASTRONOMY ; RADIOWAVE RADIATION ; RESOLUTION ; Solar system ; TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS ; THERMAL RADIATION ; TIME DEPENDENCE ; VARIATIONS 661300 -- Other Aspects of Physical Science-- (1992-)</subject><ispartof>The Astrophysical journal, 1992, Vol.384 (2), p.640-655</ispartof><rights>1992 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c396t-66c6079543f3ab2ba816dd0c659b9ec360ba4a7d79730ea14a30ebe6e47ef4733</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,4024,27923,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=5088035$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/5594881$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ledlow, Michael J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeilik, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burns, Jack O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gisler, Galen R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Jun-Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baker, Daniel N.</creatorcontrib><title>Subsurface emissions from Mercury - VLA radio observations at 2 and 6 centimeters</title><title>The Astrophysical journal</title><description>Radio observations of Mercury made with the VLA; once in 1986, and on two dates in February of 1988 are presented. These observations are the first to spatially map both hot regions associated with the theoretical hot poles. These 'hot poles' are separated by 180 deg and are a result of the unusual diurnal heating from Mercury's 3/2 spin-orbit resonance and eccentric orbit. The highest resolution data maps areas of the planet as small as 330 km. Maps of total intensity, brightness temperature, polarized intensity, fractional polarization, depolarization, and spectral index are included. It is found that the subsurface thermal emissions from Mercury are characteristic of blackbody reradiation from the solar insolation over a diurnal cycle. These observations to produce full-disk thermophysical models are used. The one-dimensional, time-dependent heat-diffusion equation for all observed disk elements at each epoch in order to constrain thermophsyical parameters and properties of the subsurface material are solved. Using typical lunar values for several of the parameters, it is possible to reproduce the temperature morphology and most of the observed temperature values. It is found that the best-fit models require a substantial contribution of the heat transport in the subsurface to be radiative in nature. The primary difficulty in the models is in predicting the observed temperature differences as a function of frequency.</description><subject>ASTRONOMY</subject><subject>CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS</subject><subject>DAILY VARIATIONS</subject><subject>Earth, ocean, space</subject><subject>ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION</subject><subject>ENERGY TRANSFER</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>HEAT TRANSFER</subject><subject>HEATING</subject><subject>Lunar And Planetary Exploration</subject><subject>MATHEMATICAL MODELS</subject><subject>Mercury</subject><subject>MERCURY PLANET</subject><subject>ONE-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS</subject><subject>ORBITS</subject><subject>PLANETS</subject><subject>Planets, their satellites and rings. Asteroids</subject><subject>POLARIZATION</subject><subject>RADIATIONS</subject><subject>RADIOASTRONOMY</subject><subject>RADIOWAVE RADIATION</subject><subject>RESOLUTION</subject><subject>Solar system</subject><subject>TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS</subject><subject>THERMAL RADIATION</subject><subject>TIME DEPENDENCE</subject><subject>VARIATIONS 661300 -- Other Aspects of Physical Science-- (1992-)</subject><issn>0004-637X</issn><issn>1538-4357</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1992</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>CYI</sourceid><recordid>eNo90EtLAzEUBeAgCtaqv8BFEHE3mjSvybIUX1AR8YG7cCeTwZFOpuSmQv-9U0dcHQ58nMUh5JSzK85Kfc0Ns0zvkQlXoiykUGafTBhjstDCfBySI8SvXZ1ZOyHPL5sKN6kBH2joWsS2j0ib1Hf0MSS_SVta0PflnCao2572FYb0DflXQaYzCrGmmvoQc9uFHBIek4MGVhhO_nJK3m5vXhf3xfLp7mExXxZeWJ0Lrb1mxiopGgHVrIKS67pmXitb2eCFZhVIMLWxRrAAXMIQVdBBmtBII8SUnI-7PebWoW9z8J--jzH47JSysiz5gC5H5FOPmELj1qntIG0dZ273lhvfGuDFCNeAHlZNguhb_NeKlSUTamBnI4uA4GJO6Li1M8ZEyS0XP3I4b94</recordid><startdate>1992</startdate><enddate>1992</enddate><creator>Ledlow, Michael J.</creator><creator>Zeilik, Michael</creator><creator>Burns, Jack O.</creator><creator>Gisler, Galen R.</creator><creator>Zhao, Jun-Hui</creator><creator>Baker, Daniel N.</creator><general>University of Chicago Press</general><scope>CYE</scope><scope>CYI</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>1992</creationdate><title>Subsurface emissions from Mercury - VLA radio observations at 2 and 6 centimeters</title><author>Ledlow, Michael J. ; Zeilik, Michael ; Burns, Jack O. ; Gisler, Galen R. ; Zhao, Jun-Hui ; Baker, Daniel N.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c396t-66c6079543f3ab2ba816dd0c659b9ec360ba4a7d79730ea14a30ebe6e47ef4733</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1992</creationdate><topic>ASTRONOMY</topic><topic>CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS</topic><topic>DAILY VARIATIONS</topic><topic>Earth, ocean, space</topic><topic>ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION</topic><topic>ENERGY TRANSFER</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>HEAT TRANSFER</topic><topic>HEATING</topic><topic>Lunar And Planetary Exploration</topic><topic>MATHEMATICAL MODELS</topic><topic>Mercury</topic><topic>MERCURY PLANET</topic><topic>ONE-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS</topic><topic>ORBITS</topic><topic>PLANETS</topic><topic>Planets, their satellites and rings. Asteroids</topic><topic>POLARIZATION</topic><topic>RADIATIONS</topic><topic>RADIOASTRONOMY</topic><topic>RADIOWAVE RADIATION</topic><topic>RESOLUTION</topic><topic>Solar system</topic><topic>TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS</topic><topic>THERMAL RADIATION</topic><topic>TIME DEPENDENCE</topic><topic>VARIATIONS 661300 -- Other Aspects of Physical Science-- (1992-)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ledlow, Michael J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zeilik, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burns, Jack O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gisler, Galen R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Jun-Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baker, Daniel N.</creatorcontrib><collection>NASA Scientific and Technical Information</collection><collection>NASA Technical Reports Server</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ledlow, Michael J.</au><au>Zeilik, Michael</au><au>Burns, Jack O.</au><au>Gisler, Galen R.</au><au>Zhao, Jun-Hui</au><au>Baker, Daniel N.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Subsurface emissions from Mercury - VLA radio observations at 2 and 6 centimeters</atitle><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle><date>1992</date><risdate>1992</risdate><volume>384</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>640</spage><epage>655</epage><pages>640-655</pages><issn>0004-637X</issn><eissn>1538-4357</eissn><coden>ASJOAB</coden><abstract>Radio observations of Mercury made with the VLA; once in 1986, and on two dates in February of 1988 are presented. These observations are the first to spatially map both hot regions associated with the theoretical hot poles. These 'hot poles' are separated by 180 deg and are a result of the unusual diurnal heating from Mercury's 3/2 spin-orbit resonance and eccentric orbit. The highest resolution data maps areas of the planet as small as 330 km. Maps of total intensity, brightness temperature, polarized intensity, fractional polarization, depolarization, and spectral index are included. It is found that the subsurface thermal emissions from Mercury are characteristic of blackbody reradiation from the solar insolation over a diurnal cycle. These observations to produce full-disk thermophysical models are used. The one-dimensional, time-dependent heat-diffusion equation for all observed disk elements at each epoch in order to constrain thermophsyical parameters and properties of the subsurface material are solved. Using typical lunar values for several of the parameters, it is possible to reproduce the temperature morphology and most of the observed temperature values. It is found that the best-fit models require a substantial contribution of the heat transport in the subsurface to be radiative in nature. The primary difficulty in the models is in predicting the observed temperature differences as a function of frequency.</abstract><cop>Legacy CDMS</cop><pub>University of Chicago Press</pub><doi>10.1086/170906</doi><tpages>16</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | ASTRONOMY CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS DAILY VARIATIONS Earth, ocean, space ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION ENERGY TRANSFER Exact sciences and technology HEAT TRANSFER HEATING Lunar And Planetary Exploration MATHEMATICAL MODELS Mercury MERCURY PLANET ONE-DIMENSIONAL CALCULATIONS ORBITS PLANETS Planets, their satellites and rings. Asteroids POLARIZATION RADIATIONS RADIOASTRONOMY RADIOWAVE RADIATION RESOLUTION Solar system TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS THERMAL RADIATION TIME DEPENDENCE VARIATIONS 661300 -- Other Aspects of Physical Science-- (1992-) |
title | Subsurface emissions from Mercury - VLA radio observations at 2 and 6 centimeters |
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