Metabolic Fate of Dietary Carnitine in Human Adults: Identification and Quantification of Urinary and Fecal Metabolites
Results of kinetic and pharmacokinetic studies have suggested that dietary carnitine is not totally absorbed and is in part degraded in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. To determine the metabolic fate of dietary carnitine in humans, we administered orally a tracer dose of [methyl-3H]L-carnitine...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of nutrition 1991-04, Vol.121 (4), p.539-546 |
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| description | Results of kinetic and pharmacokinetic studies have suggested that dietary carnitine is not totally absorbed and is in part degraded in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. To determine the metabolic fate of dietary carnitine in humans, we administered orally a tracer dose of [methyl-3H]L-carnitine with a meal to subjects who had been adapted to a low-carnitine diet or a high-carnitine diet. Urinary and fecal excretion of radiolabeled carnitine and metabolites was monitored for 5 to 11 d following administration of the test dose. Total radioactive metabolites excreted ranged from 13 to 34% (low carnitine diet) and 27 to 46% (high carnitine diet) of the ingested tracer. Major metabolites found were [3H]trimethylamine N-oxide (8 to 39% of the administered dose; excreted primarily in urine) and [3H]γ-butyrobetaine (0.09 to 8% of the administered dose; excreted primarily in feces). Urinary excretion of total carnitine was 42 to 95% (high carnitine diet) and 190 to 364% (low carnitine diet) of intake. These results indicate that oral carnitine is 54 to 87% bioavailable from normal Western diets; the percentage of intake absorbed is related to the quantity ingested. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/jn/121.4.539 |
| format | Article |
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To determine the metabolic fate of dietary carnitine in humans, we administered orally a tracer dose of [methyl-3H]L-carnitine with a meal to subjects who had been adapted to a low-carnitine diet or a high-carnitine diet. Urinary and fecal excretion of radiolabeled carnitine and metabolites was monitored for 5 to 11 d following administration of the test dose. Total radioactive metabolites excreted ranged from 13 to 34% (low carnitine diet) and 27 to 46% (high carnitine diet) of the ingested tracer. Major metabolites found were [3H]trimethylamine N-oxide (8 to 39% of the administered dose; excreted primarily in urine) and [3H]γ-butyrobetaine (0.09 to 8% of the administered dose; excreted primarily in feces). Urinary excretion of total carnitine was 42 to 95% (high carnitine diet) and 190 to 364% (low carnitine diet) of intake. These results indicate that oral carnitine is 54 to 87% bioavailable from normal Western diets; the percentage of intake absorbed is related to the quantity ingested.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3166</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1541-6100</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jn/121.4.539</identifier><identifier>PMID: 2007906</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JONUAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bethesda, MD: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>absorption ; Adult ; adulte ; adultos ; adults ; aminas ; amine ; AMINES ; AMINO ACIDS ; AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS ; ANIMALS ; BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ; BETAINE ; Betaine - analogs & derivatives ; Betaine - analysis ; Biological and medical sciences ; BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS ; BIOLOGICAL WASTES ; Biotransformation ; CARBOXYLIC ACIDS ; carnitina ; CARNITINE ; Carnitine - administration & dosage ; Carnitine - pharmacokinetics ; Carnitine - urine ; Chromatography, Ion Exchange ; COUNTING TECHNIQUES ; DIET ; dieta ; disponibilidad de nutrientes ; DRUGS ; element nutritif disponible ; Enzymes. Coenzymes. Vitamins. Pigments ; excrecion ; excretion ; experimentation ; experimentos ; experiments ; faeces ; FECES ; Feces - chemistry ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; heces ; hombres ; homme ; Humans ; HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS ; HYDROXY ACIDS ; ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS ; L-carnitine ; LIPOTROPIC FACTORS ; Male ; MAMMALS ; MAN ; MATERIALS ; men ; METABOLISM ; metabolisme ; metabolismo ; Metabolisms and neurohumoral controls ; metabolite ; METABOLITES ; metabolitos ; Methylamines - analysis ; nutrient availability ; ORAL ADMINISTRATION ; ORGANIC ACIDS ; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ; orina ; PRIMATES ; QUATERNARY COMPOUNDS ; regime alimentaire ; SCINTILLATION COUNTING ; technique des traceurs ; tecnicas de trazadores ; TRACER TECHNIQUES ; trimethylamine N-oxide ; Tritium ; TRITIUM COMPOUNDS ; urine ; VERTEBRATES ; Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems ; VITAMIN B GROUP ; VITAMINS ; WASTES 550501 -- Metabolism-- Tracer Techniques ; γ-butyrobetaine</subject><ispartof>The Journal of nutrition, 1991-04, Vol.121 (4), p.539-546</ispartof><rights>1991 American Society for Nutrition.</rights><rights>1991 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c517t-4fee12342ac81b2cc24e8aedad84abb5deb0dbe644bde0f5817109c7385f35313</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c517t-4fee12342ac81b2cc24e8aedad84abb5deb0dbe644bde0f5817109c7385f35313</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,778,782,883,27911,27912</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=19818271$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2007906$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/5526653$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rebouche, Charles J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chenard, Catherine A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA</creatorcontrib><title>Metabolic Fate of Dietary Carnitine in Human Adults: Identification and Quantification of Urinary and Fecal Metabolites</title><title>The Journal of nutrition</title><addtitle>J Nutr</addtitle><description>Results of kinetic and pharmacokinetic studies have suggested that dietary carnitine is not totally absorbed and is in part degraded in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. To determine the metabolic fate of dietary carnitine in humans, we administered orally a tracer dose of [methyl-3H]L-carnitine with a meal to subjects who had been adapted to a low-carnitine diet or a high-carnitine diet. Urinary and fecal excretion of radiolabeled carnitine and metabolites was monitored for 5 to 11 d following administration of the test dose. Total radioactive metabolites excreted ranged from 13 to 34% (low carnitine diet) and 27 to 46% (high carnitine diet) of the ingested tracer. Major metabolites found were [3H]trimethylamine N-oxide (8 to 39% of the administered dose; excreted primarily in urine) and [3H]γ-butyrobetaine (0.09 to 8% of the administered dose; excreted primarily in feces). Urinary excretion of total carnitine was 42 to 95% (high carnitine diet) and 190 to 364% (low carnitine diet) of intake. These results indicate that oral carnitine is 54 to 87% bioavailable from normal Western diets; the percentage of intake absorbed is related to the quantity ingested.</description><subject>absorption</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>adulte</subject><subject>adultos</subject><subject>adults</subject><subject>aminas</subject><subject>amine</subject><subject>AMINES</subject><subject>AMINO ACIDS</subject><subject>AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>ANIMALS</subject><subject>BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</subject><subject>BETAINE</subject><subject>Betaine - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Betaine - analysis</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS</subject><subject>BIOLOGICAL WASTES</subject><subject>Biotransformation</subject><subject>CARBOXYLIC ACIDS</subject><subject>carnitina</subject><subject>CARNITINE</subject><subject>Carnitine - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Carnitine - pharmacokinetics</subject><subject>Carnitine - urine</subject><subject>Chromatography, Ion Exchange</subject><subject>COUNTING TECHNIQUES</subject><subject>DIET</subject><subject>dieta</subject><subject>disponibilidad de nutrientes</subject><subject>DRUGS</subject><subject>element nutritif disponible</subject><subject>Enzymes. Coenzymes. Vitamins. Pigments</subject><subject>excrecion</subject><subject>excretion</subject><subject>experimentation</subject><subject>experimentos</subject><subject>experiments</subject><subject>faeces</subject><subject>FECES</subject><subject>Feces - chemistry</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>heces</subject><subject>hombres</subject><subject>homme</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>HYDROXY ACIDS</subject><subject>ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS</subject><subject>L-carnitine</subject><subject>LIPOTROPIC FACTORS</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>MAMMALS</subject><subject>MAN</subject><subject>MATERIALS</subject><subject>men</subject><subject>METABOLISM</subject><subject>metabolisme</subject><subject>metabolismo</subject><subject>Metabolisms and neurohumoral controls</subject><subject>metabolite</subject><subject>METABOLITES</subject><subject>metabolitos</subject><subject>Methylamines - analysis</subject><subject>nutrient availability</subject><subject>ORAL ADMINISTRATION</subject><subject>ORGANIC ACIDS</subject><subject>ORGANIC COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>orina</subject><subject>PRIMATES</subject><subject>QUATERNARY COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>regime alimentaire</subject><subject>SCINTILLATION COUNTING</subject><subject>technique des traceurs</subject><subject>tecnicas de trazadores</subject><subject>TRACER TECHNIQUES</subject><subject>trimethylamine N-oxide</subject><subject>Tritium</subject><subject>TRITIUM COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>urine</subject><subject>VERTEBRATES</subject><subject>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</subject><subject>VITAMIN B GROUP</subject><subject>VITAMINS</subject><subject>WASTES 550501 -- Metabolism-- Tracer Techniques</subject><subject>γ-butyrobetaine</subject><issn>0022-3166</issn><issn>1541-6100</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1991</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNptkUuLFDEUhYMoYzu6c6sEQVdWT57VKXdDazsDIyLa65BKbmma6mRMUor_3pTVPhauAvd-nJtzDkKPKVlT0vGLQ7igjK7FWvLuDlpRKWjTUkLuohUhjDWctu199CDnAyGEik6doTNGyKYj7Qp9fwfF9HH0Fu9MARwH_NrXUfqBtyYFX3wA7AO-mo4m4Es3jSW_wtcOQvGDt6b4GLAJDn-YzL-jqrNPPsw683YH1oz4960C-SG6N5gxw6PTe472uzeftlfNzfu319vLm8ZKuimNGAAo44IZq2jPrGUClAFnnBKm76WDnrgeWiF6B2SQim5qJnbDlRy45JSfo2eLbszF62zrbfvFxhDAFi0la1vJK_RigW5T_DpBLvros4VxNAHilLUiQinOZrWXC2hTzDnBoG-TP1aTmhI9l6EPQdcytNC1jIo_OelO_RHcH_iUft0_P-1NrvkMyQTr81_NTlHFNvPZpws3mKjN51SZ_UfadbVkJeUvoF0AqFF-85BmpxAsOJ9moy76___wJxlXreo</recordid><startdate>19910401</startdate><enddate>19910401</enddate><creator>Rebouche, Charles J.</creator><creator>Chenard, Catherine A.</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>American Society for Nutritional Sciences</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19910401</creationdate><title>Metabolic Fate of Dietary Carnitine in Human Adults: Identification and Quantification of Urinary and Fecal Metabolites</title><author>Rebouche, Charles J. ; Chenard, Catherine A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c517t-4fee12342ac81b2cc24e8aedad84abb5deb0dbe644bde0f5817109c7385f35313</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1991</creationdate><topic>absorption</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>adulte</topic><topic>adultos</topic><topic>adults</topic><topic>aminas</topic><topic>amine</topic><topic>AMINES</topic><topic>AMINO ACIDS</topic><topic>AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>ANIMALS</topic><topic>BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</topic><topic>BETAINE</topic><topic>Betaine - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Betaine - analysis</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS</topic><topic>BIOLOGICAL WASTES</topic><topic>Biotransformation</topic><topic>CARBOXYLIC ACIDS</topic><topic>carnitina</topic><topic>CARNITINE</topic><topic>Carnitine - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Carnitine - pharmacokinetics</topic><topic>Carnitine - urine</topic><topic>Chromatography, Ion Exchange</topic><topic>COUNTING TECHNIQUES</topic><topic>DIET</topic><topic>dieta</topic><topic>disponibilidad de nutrientes</topic><topic>DRUGS</topic><topic>element nutritif disponible</topic><topic>Enzymes. Coenzymes. Vitamins. Pigments</topic><topic>excrecion</topic><topic>excretion</topic><topic>experimentation</topic><topic>experimentos</topic><topic>experiments</topic><topic>faeces</topic><topic>FECES</topic><topic>Feces - chemistry</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>heces</topic><topic>hombres</topic><topic>homme</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>HYDROXY ACIDS</topic><topic>ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS</topic><topic>L-carnitine</topic><topic>LIPOTROPIC FACTORS</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>MAMMALS</topic><topic>MAN</topic><topic>MATERIALS</topic><topic>men</topic><topic>METABOLISM</topic><topic>metabolisme</topic><topic>metabolismo</topic><topic>Metabolisms and neurohumoral controls</topic><topic>metabolite</topic><topic>METABOLITES</topic><topic>metabolitos</topic><topic>Methylamines - analysis</topic><topic>nutrient availability</topic><topic>ORAL ADMINISTRATION</topic><topic>ORGANIC ACIDS</topic><topic>ORGANIC COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>orina</topic><topic>PRIMATES</topic><topic>QUATERNARY COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>regime alimentaire</topic><topic>SCINTILLATION COUNTING</topic><topic>technique des traceurs</topic><topic>tecnicas de trazadores</topic><topic>TRACER TECHNIQUES</topic><topic>trimethylamine N-oxide</topic><topic>Tritium</topic><topic>TRITIUM COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>urine</topic><topic>VERTEBRATES</topic><topic>Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems</topic><topic>VITAMIN B GROUP</topic><topic>VITAMINS</topic><topic>WASTES 550501 -- Metabolism-- Tracer Techniques</topic><topic>γ-butyrobetaine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rebouche, Charles J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chenard, Catherine A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>The Journal of nutrition</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rebouche, Charles J.</au><au>Chenard, Catherine A.</au><aucorp>The University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Metabolic Fate of Dietary Carnitine in Human Adults: Identification and Quantification of Urinary and Fecal Metabolites</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of nutrition</jtitle><addtitle>J Nutr</addtitle><date>1991-04-01</date><risdate>1991</risdate><volume>121</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>539</spage><epage>546</epage><pages>539-546</pages><issn>0022-3166</issn><eissn>1541-6100</eissn><coden>JONUAI</coden><abstract>Results of kinetic and pharmacokinetic studies have suggested that dietary carnitine is not totally absorbed and is in part degraded in the gastrointestinal tract of humans. To determine the metabolic fate of dietary carnitine in humans, we administered orally a tracer dose of [methyl-3H]L-carnitine with a meal to subjects who had been adapted to a low-carnitine diet or a high-carnitine diet. Urinary and fecal excretion of radiolabeled carnitine and metabolites was monitored for 5 to 11 d following administration of the test dose. Total radioactive metabolites excreted ranged from 13 to 34% (low carnitine diet) and 27 to 46% (high carnitine diet) of the ingested tracer. Major metabolites found were [3H]trimethylamine N-oxide (8 to 39% of the administered dose; excreted primarily in urine) and [3H]γ-butyrobetaine (0.09 to 8% of the administered dose; excreted primarily in feces). Urinary excretion of total carnitine was 42 to 95% (high carnitine diet) and 190 to 364% (low carnitine diet) of intake. These results indicate that oral carnitine is 54 to 87% bioavailable from normal Western diets; the percentage of intake absorbed is related to the quantity ingested.</abstract><cop>Bethesda, MD</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>2007906</pmid><doi>10.1093/jn/121.4.539</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0022-3166 |
| ispartof | The Journal of nutrition, 1991-04, Vol.121 (4), p.539-546 |
| issn | 0022-3166 1541-6100 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_osti_scitechconnect_5526653 |
| source | MEDLINE; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | absorption Adult adulte adultos adults aminas amine AMINES AMINO ACIDS AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS ANIMALS BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES BETAINE Betaine - analogs & derivatives Betaine - analysis Biological and medical sciences BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS BIOLOGICAL WASTES Biotransformation CARBOXYLIC ACIDS carnitina CARNITINE Carnitine - administration & dosage Carnitine - pharmacokinetics Carnitine - urine Chromatography, Ion Exchange COUNTING TECHNIQUES DIET dieta disponibilidad de nutrientes DRUGS element nutritif disponible Enzymes. Coenzymes. Vitamins. Pigments excrecion excretion experimentation experimentos experiments faeces FECES Feces - chemistry Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology heces hombres homme Humans HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS HYDROXY ACIDS ISOTOPE APPLICATIONS L-carnitine LIPOTROPIC FACTORS Male MAMMALS MAN MATERIALS men METABOLISM metabolisme metabolismo Metabolisms and neurohumoral controls metabolite METABOLITES metabolitos Methylamines - analysis nutrient availability ORAL ADMINISTRATION ORGANIC ACIDS ORGANIC COMPOUNDS orina PRIMATES QUATERNARY COMPOUNDS regime alimentaire SCINTILLATION COUNTING technique des traceurs tecnicas de trazadores TRACER TECHNIQUES trimethylamine N-oxide Tritium TRITIUM COMPOUNDS urine VERTEBRATES Vertebrates: anatomy and physiology, studies on body, several organs or systems VITAMIN B GROUP VITAMINS WASTES 550501 -- Metabolism-- Tracer Techniques γ-butyrobetaine |
| title | Metabolic Fate of Dietary Carnitine in Human Adults: Identification and Quantification of Urinary and Fecal Metabolites |
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