The self-cleaning capacity of surface waters after radioactive fallout. Evidence from European waters after Chernobyl, 1986-1988
Over 160 water samples from 5 lakes in Switzerland were analysed between 1986 and 1988 for caesium-134 and caesium-137 following the release of radioactivity from the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident. Caesium was extracted by impregnated ion exchange resins and counted in a high purity germanium w...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 1990-04, Vol.24 (4), p.519-527 |
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| creator | Santschi, Peter H Bollhalder, S Zingg, S Lueck, A Farrenkothen, K |
| description | Over 160 water samples from 5 lakes in Switzerland were analysed between 1986 and 1988 for caesium-134 and caesium-137 following the release of radioactivity from the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident. Caesium was extracted by impregnated ion exchange resins and counted in a high purity germanium well detector. Sediments were also examined. A model describing radionuclide washout from aquifers is proposed. Initial rates of decrease of caesium-137 in rivers was approximately 0.125 per day. Whole lake removal rates were relatively fast. Residence times of caesium-137 varied between 5 and 21 months. Horizontal boundaries in Zurich lake appeared to act first as sinks for caesium-137 from the upper water column and later as source to the deeper parts of the lake. Rates of adsorption and desorption associated with settling particles were small compared with other processes. There was evidence for remobilization of caesium from sediments in anoxic hypolimnetic waters in Lugano lake. Dangers to drinking water resources were smaller than previous estimates. There are 50 references. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/es00074a009 |
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Evidence from European waters after Chernobyl, 1986-1988</title><source>ACS Publications</source><creator>Santschi, Peter H ; Bollhalder, S ; Zingg, S ; Lueck, A ; Farrenkothen, K</creator><creatorcontrib>Santschi, Peter H ; Bollhalder, S ; Zingg, S ; Lueck, A ; Farrenkothen, K</creatorcontrib><description>Over 160 water samples from 5 lakes in Switzerland were analysed between 1986 and 1988 for caesium-134 and caesium-137 following the release of radioactivity from the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident. Caesium was extracted by impregnated ion exchange resins and counted in a high purity germanium well detector. Sediments were also examined. A model describing radionuclide washout from aquifers is proposed. Initial rates of decrease of caesium-137 in rivers was approximately 0.125 per day. Whole lake removal rates were relatively fast. Residence times of caesium-137 varied between 5 and 21 months. Horizontal boundaries in Zurich lake appeared to act first as sinks for caesium-137 from the upper water column and later as source to the deeper parts of the lake. Rates of adsorption and desorption associated with settling particles were small compared with other processes. There was evidence for remobilization of caesium from sediments in anoxic hypolimnetic waters in Lugano lake. Dangers to drinking water resources were smaller than previous estimates. There are 50 references.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/es00074a009</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ESTHAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>053000 - Nuclear Fuels- Environmental Aspects ; 540330 - Environment, Aquatic- Radioactive Materials Monitoring & Transport- (1990-) ; ACCIDENTS ; ALKALI METAL ISOTOPES ; Applied sciences ; ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATIONS ; BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES ; BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES ; CESIUM 134 ; CESIUM 137 ; CESIUM ISOTOPES ; CHERNOBYLSK-2 REACTOR ; Continental surface waters ; ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES ; ENRICHED URANIUM REACTORS ; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ; ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT ; EUROPE ; Exact sciences and technology ; FALLOUT ; GRAPHITE MODERATED REACTORS ; HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES ; INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI ; INTERNAL CONVERSION RADIOISOTOPES ; ISOMERIC TRANSI ; ISOTOPES ; LWGR TYPE REACTORS ; MASS TRANSFER ; Natural water pollution ; NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS ; NUCLEI ; ODD-EVEN NUCLEI ; Pollution ; POWER REACTORS ; RADIOISOTOPES ; RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION ; REACTOR ACCIDENTS ; REACTOR CORE DISRUPTION ; REACTORS ; SURFACE WATERS ; THERMAL REACTORS ; WATER COOLED REACTORS ; Water treatment and pollution ; YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 1990-04, Vol.24 (4), p.519-527</ispartof><rights>1991 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a540t-f14afe68684a1cfb4687c4eb323c5d02b48fd263c3de4f7fbf96570b7adcb3fe3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/es00074a009$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00074a009$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,2752,27053,27901,27902,56713,56763</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=19301897$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/5464759$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Santschi, Peter H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bollhalder, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zingg, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lueck, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farrenkothen, K</creatorcontrib><title>The self-cleaning capacity of surface waters after radioactive fallout. Evidence from European waters after Chernobyl, 1986-1988</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>Over 160 water samples from 5 lakes in Switzerland were analysed between 1986 and 1988 for caesium-134 and caesium-137 following the release of radioactivity from the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident. Caesium was extracted by impregnated ion exchange resins and counted in a high purity germanium well detector. Sediments were also examined. A model describing radionuclide washout from aquifers is proposed. Initial rates of decrease of caesium-137 in rivers was approximately 0.125 per day. Whole lake removal rates were relatively fast. Residence times of caesium-137 varied between 5 and 21 months. Horizontal boundaries in Zurich lake appeared to act first as sinks for caesium-137 from the upper water column and later as source to the deeper parts of the lake. Rates of adsorption and desorption associated with settling particles were small compared with other processes. There was evidence for remobilization of caesium from sediments in anoxic hypolimnetic waters in Lugano lake. Dangers to drinking water resources were smaller than previous estimates. There are 50 references.</description><subject>053000 - Nuclear Fuels- Environmental Aspects</subject><subject>540330 - Environment, Aquatic- Radioactive Materials Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)</subject><subject>ACCIDENTS</subject><subject>ALKALI METAL ISOTOPES</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATIONS</subject><subject>BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>CESIUM 134</subject><subject>CESIUM 137</subject><subject>CESIUM ISOTOPES</subject><subject>CHERNOBYLSK-2 REACTOR</subject><subject>Continental surface waters</subject><subject>ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>ENRICHED URANIUM REACTORS</subject><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</subject><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT</subject><subject>EUROPE</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>FALLOUT</subject><subject>GRAPHITE MODERATED REACTORS</subject><subject>HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI</subject><subject>INTERNAL CONVERSION RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>ISOMERIC TRANSI</subject><subject>ISOTOPES</subject><subject>LWGR TYPE REACTORS</subject><subject>MASS TRANSFER</subject><subject>Natural water pollution</subject><subject>NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS</subject><subject>NUCLEI</subject><subject>ODD-EVEN NUCLEI</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>POWER REACTORS</subject><subject>RADIOISOTOPES</subject><subject>RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION</subject><subject>REACTOR ACCIDENTS</subject><subject>REACTOR CORE DISRUPTION</subject><subject>REACTORS</subject><subject>SURFACE WATERS</subject><subject>THERMAL REACTORS</subject><subject>WATER COOLED REACTORS</subject><subject>Water treatment and pollution</subject><subject>YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1990</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqN0cuKFDEUBuBCFGxHV75AENSF1phUbpXl0LY3hlGZFtyFU6kTO2N1pU2qRnvno5uhBy8g6CZnke_8JPxVdZ_RY0Yb9gwzpVQLoNTcqBZMNrSWrWQ3qwWljNeGq4-3qzs5XxTWcNouqu_rDZKMg6_dgDCG8RNxsAMXpj2JnuQ5eXBIvsKEKRPwZZAEfYjgpnCJxMMwxHk6JqvL0ONYqE9xS1ZziruS9-ficoNpjN1-eEqYaVVdjvZudatkZLx3PY-qDy9W6-Wr-vTty9fLk9MapKBT7ZkAj6pVrQDmfCdUq53AjjfcyZ42nWh93yjueI_Ca995o6SmnYbeddwjP6oeHHJjnoLN5YPoNi6OI7rJSqGElqagRwe0S_HLjHmy25AdDgOMGOdsmdTMcPEfUDSScUP_DbkWxjRXiU8O0KWYc0JvdylsIe0to_aqXPtbuUU_vI6F7GDwCUYX8q8VwylrjS6uPriQJ_z28x7SZ6s019Ku351bc372_M1SvbdnxT8-eHDZXsQ5jaWTv77gB7TYv70</recordid><startdate>19900401</startdate><enddate>19900401</enddate><creator>Santschi, Peter H</creator><creator>Bollhalder, S</creator><creator>Zingg, S</creator><creator>Lueck, A</creator><creator>Farrenkothen, K</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19900401</creationdate><title>The self-cleaning capacity of surface waters after radioactive fallout. Evidence from European waters after Chernobyl, 1986-1988</title><author>Santschi, Peter H ; Bollhalder, S ; Zingg, S ; Lueck, A ; Farrenkothen, K</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a540t-f14afe68684a1cfb4687c4eb323c5d02b48fd263c3de4f7fbf96570b7adcb3fe3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1990</creationdate><topic>053000 - Nuclear Fuels- Environmental Aspects</topic><topic>540330 - Environment, Aquatic- Radioactive Materials Monitoring & Transport- (1990-)</topic><topic>ACCIDENTS</topic><topic>ALKALI METAL ISOTOPES</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATIONS</topic><topic>BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>CESIUM 134</topic><topic>CESIUM 137</topic><topic>CESIUM ISOTOPES</topic><topic>CHERNOBYLSK-2 REACTOR</topic><topic>Continental surface waters</topic><topic>ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>ENRICHED URANIUM REACTORS</topic><topic>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</topic><topic>ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT</topic><topic>EUROPE</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>FALLOUT</topic><topic>GRAPHITE MODERATED REACTORS</topic><topic>HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI</topic><topic>INTERNAL CONVERSION RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>ISOMERIC TRANSI</topic><topic>ISOTOPES</topic><topic>LWGR TYPE REACTORS</topic><topic>MASS TRANSFER</topic><topic>Natural water pollution</topic><topic>NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS</topic><topic>NUCLEI</topic><topic>ODD-EVEN NUCLEI</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>POWER REACTORS</topic><topic>RADIOISOTOPES</topic><topic>RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION</topic><topic>REACTOR ACCIDENTS</topic><topic>REACTOR CORE DISRUPTION</topic><topic>REACTORS</topic><topic>SURFACE WATERS</topic><topic>THERMAL REACTORS</topic><topic>WATER COOLED REACTORS</topic><topic>Water treatment and pollution</topic><topic>YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Santschi, Peter H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bollhalder, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zingg, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lueck, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farrenkothen, K</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Santschi, Peter H</au><au>Bollhalder, S</au><au>Zingg, S</au><au>Lueck, A</au><au>Farrenkothen, K</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The self-cleaning capacity of surface waters after radioactive fallout. Evidence from European waters after Chernobyl, 1986-1988</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>1990-04-01</date><risdate>1990</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>519</spage><epage>527</epage><pages>519-527</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><coden>ESTHAG</coden><abstract>Over 160 water samples from 5 lakes in Switzerland were analysed between 1986 and 1988 for caesium-134 and caesium-137 following the release of radioactivity from the Chernobyl nuclear reactor accident. Caesium was extracted by impregnated ion exchange resins and counted in a high purity germanium well detector. Sediments were also examined. A model describing radionuclide washout from aquifers is proposed. Initial rates of decrease of caesium-137 in rivers was approximately 0.125 per day. Whole lake removal rates were relatively fast. Residence times of caesium-137 varied between 5 and 21 months. Horizontal boundaries in Zurich lake appeared to act first as sinks for caesium-137 from the upper water column and later as source to the deeper parts of the lake. Rates of adsorption and desorption associated with settling particles were small compared with other processes. There was evidence for remobilization of caesium from sediments in anoxic hypolimnetic waters in Lugano lake. Dangers to drinking water resources were smaller than previous estimates. There are 50 references.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><doi>10.1021/es00074a009</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental science & technology, 1990-04, Vol.24 (4), p.519-527 |
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| subjects | 053000 - Nuclear Fuels- Environmental Aspects 540330 - Environment, Aquatic- Radioactive Materials Monitoring & Transport- (1990-) ACCIDENTS ALKALI METAL ISOTOPES Applied sciences ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATIONS BETA DECAY RADIOISOTOPES BETA-MINUS DECAY RADIOISOTOPES CESIUM 134 CESIUM 137 CESIUM ISOTOPES CHERNOBYLSK-2 REACTOR Continental surface waters ELECTRON CAPTURE RADIOISOTOPES ENRICHED URANIUM REACTORS ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT EUROPE Exact sciences and technology FALLOUT GRAPHITE MODERATED REACTORS HOURS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES INTERMEDIATE MASS NUCLEI INTERNAL CONVERSION RADIOISOTOPES ISOMERIC TRANSI ISOTOPES LWGR TYPE REACTORS MASS TRANSFER Natural water pollution NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE AND FUEL MATERIALS NUCLEI ODD-EVEN NUCLEI Pollution POWER REACTORS RADIOISOTOPES RADIONUCLIDE MIGRATION REACTOR ACCIDENTS REACTOR CORE DISRUPTION REACTORS SURFACE WATERS THERMAL REACTORS WATER COOLED REACTORS Water treatment and pollution YEARS LIVING RADIOISOTOPES |
| title | The self-cleaning capacity of surface waters after radioactive fallout. Evidence from European waters after Chernobyl, 1986-1988 |
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