Sulfur, carbon, and oxygen isotope variations in submarine hydrothermal deposits of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, USA
Sulfur, carbon, and oxygen isotope values were measured in sulfide, sulfate, and carbonate from hydrothermal chimney, spire, and mound samples in the southern trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, USA. δ 34 S values of sulfides range from −3.7 to 4.5%. and indicate that sulfur originated from...
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| description | Sulfur, carbon, and oxygen isotope values were measured in sulfide, sulfate, and carbonate from hydrothermal chimney, spire, and mound samples in the southern trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, USA.
δ
34
S values of sulfides range from −3.7 to 4.5%. and indicate that sulfur originated from several sources:
1.
(1) dissolution of 0‰ sulfide contained within basaltic rocks,
2.
(2) thermal reduction of seawater sulfate during sediment alteration reactions in feeder zones to give sulfide with positive
δ
34
S, and
3.
(3) entrainment or leaching of isotopically light (negative-
δ
34
S) bacteriogenic sulfide from sediments underlying the deposits.
δ
34
S of barite and anhydrite indicate sulfur derivation mainly from unfractionated seawater sulfate, although some samples show evidence of sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation reactions during mixing within chimneys.
Oxygen isotope temperatures calculated for chimney calcites are in reasonable agreement with measured vent fluid temperatures and fluid inclusion trapping temperatures. Hydrothermal fluids that formed calcite-rich chimneys in the southern trough of Guaymas Basin were enriched in
18O with respect to seawater by about 2.4‰ due to isotopic exchange with sedimentary and/or basaltic rocks. Carbon isotope values of calcite range from −9.6 to −14.0‰
δ
34
C
pDB
, indicating that carbon was derived in approximately equal quantities from the dissolution of marine carbonate minerals and the oxidation of organic matter during migration of hydrothermal fluid through the underlying sediment column. Statistically significant positive, linear correlations of
δ
34
S,
δ
34
C, and
δ
18
O of sulfides and calcites with geographic location within the southern trough of Guaymas Basin are best explained by variations in water/rock (
w
r
) ratios or sediment reactivity within subsurface alteration zones. Low
w
r
ratios and the leaching of detrital carbonates and bacteriogenic sulfides at the southern vent sites result in relatively high
δ
13
C and low
δ
34
S in chimney carbonates and sulfides, respectively. In the north, where the depletion of alkalis in vent fluids indicates higher
w
r
ratios, positive
δ
34
S and more negative
δ
13
c are due to increased contributions from organic matter oxidation and sulfate reduction reactions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90327-F |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_osti_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_osti_scitechconnect_5035543</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>001670379290327F</els_id><sourcerecordid>13668369</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a451t-4da72f1f66e0c3ba171c5b1fb3b8b3cb2130bafc476fc11d7d19d3bdd7ebbda43</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU2LFDEQhoMoOK7-Aw_BgyhMa9Lp7kxfhN3BGYUFD-ueQz4qTqQnGVPpxfHXm3bEo5cqKJ56q-otQl5y9o4zPrxnNTSSCflmbN-OTLSy2T0iK76RbTP2Qjwmq3_IU_IM8TtjTPY9W5Ffd_Pk57ymVmeT4prq6Gj6ef4GkQZMJZ2APugcdAkpIg2R4myOtRCBHs4up3KAfNQTdXBKGArS5Ol-1uejRnqjMVTJfR2xlLd6Cj7lGPSa3t9dPydPvJ4QXvzNV-R-9_Hr9lNz-2X_eXt92-iu56XpnJat534YgFlhNJfc9oZ7I8zGCGtaLpjR3nZy8JZzJx0fnTDOSTDG6U5ckVcX3YQlKLShgD3YFCPYonom-r4TFXp9gU45_ZgBizoGtDBNOkKaUXExDBsxjBXsLqDNCTGDV6ccqiFnxZlavqEWq9VitRpb9ecbalfbPlzaoF76ECAvi0C04EJe9nAp_F_gN5Jakyw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>13668369</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Sulfur, carbon, and oxygen isotope variations in submarine hydrothermal deposits of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, USA</title><source>Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals</source><creator>Peter, J.M ; Shanks, W.C</creator><creatorcontrib>Peter, J.M ; Shanks, W.C</creatorcontrib><description>Sulfur, carbon, and oxygen isotope values were measured in sulfide, sulfate, and carbonate from hydrothermal chimney, spire, and mound samples in the southern trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, USA.
δ
34
S values of sulfides range from −3.7 to 4.5%. and indicate that sulfur originated from several sources:
1.
(1) dissolution of 0‰ sulfide contained within basaltic rocks,
2.
(2) thermal reduction of seawater sulfate during sediment alteration reactions in feeder zones to give sulfide with positive
δ
34
S, and
3.
(3) entrainment or leaching of isotopically light (negative-
δ
34
S) bacteriogenic sulfide from sediments underlying the deposits.
δ
34
S of barite and anhydrite indicate sulfur derivation mainly from unfractionated seawater sulfate, although some samples show evidence of sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation reactions during mixing within chimneys.
Oxygen isotope temperatures calculated for chimney calcites are in reasonable agreement with measured vent fluid temperatures and fluid inclusion trapping temperatures. Hydrothermal fluids that formed calcite-rich chimneys in the southern trough of Guaymas Basin were enriched in
18O with respect to seawater by about 2.4‰ due to isotopic exchange with sedimentary and/or basaltic rocks. Carbon isotope values of calcite range from −9.6 to −14.0‰
δ
34
C
pDB
, indicating that carbon was derived in approximately equal quantities from the dissolution of marine carbonate minerals and the oxidation of organic matter during migration of hydrothermal fluid through the underlying sediment column. Statistically significant positive, linear correlations of
δ
34
S,
δ
34
C, and
δ
18
O of sulfides and calcites with geographic location within the southern trough of Guaymas Basin are best explained by variations in water/rock (
w
r
) ratios or sediment reactivity within subsurface alteration zones. Low
w
r
ratios and the leaching of detrital carbonates and bacteriogenic sulfides at the southern vent sites result in relatively high
δ
13
C and low
δ
34
S in chimney carbonates and sulfides, respectively. In the north, where the depletion of alkalis in vent fluids indicates higher
w
r
ratios, positive
δ
34
S and more negative
δ
13
c are due to increased contributions from organic matter oxidation and sulfate reduction reactions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0016-7037</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-9533</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/0016-7037(92)90327-F</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>152004 - Geothermal Data & Theory- Isotope & Trace Element Studies ; 580000 - Geosciences ; BASALT ; CALCITE ; CARBON 13 ; CARBON ISOTOPES ; CARBONATE MINERALS ; CHALCOGENIDES ; CHEMICAL REACTIONS ; CHEMISTRY ; DATA ; DECOMPOSITION ; DISSOLUTION ; ENRICHMENT ; EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI ; EVEN-ODD NUCLEI ; EXPERIMENTAL DATA ; FLUIDS ; GEOCHEMISTRY ; GEOSCIENCES ; GEOTHERMAL ENERGY ; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS ; GEOTHERMOMETRY ; GULF OF CALIFORNIA ; HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS ; HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS ; IGNEOUS ROCKS ; INCLUSIONS ; INFORMATION ; ISOTOPE RATIO ; ISOTOPES ; ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE ; LIGHT NUCLEI ; MINERALOGY ; MINERALS ; NUCLEI ; NUMERICAL DATA ; ORIGIN ; OXIDATION ; OXYGEN 18 ; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS ; OXYGEN ISOTOPES ; PACIFIC OCEAN ; PYROLYSIS ; REDUCTION ; RESERVOIR FLUIDS ; RESERVOIR TEMPERATURE ; ROCKS ; SEAS ; SEAWATER ; STABLE ISOTOPES ; SULFATES ; SULFIDES ; SULFUR 34 ; SULFUR COMPOUNDS ; SULFUR ISOTOPES ; SURFACE WATERS ; THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES ; VOLCANIC ROCKS ; WATER</subject><ispartof>Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 1992-05, Vol.56 (5), p.2025-2040</ispartof><rights>1992</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a451t-4da72f1f66e0c3ba171c5b1fb3b8b3cb2130bafc476fc11d7d19d3bdd7ebbda43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a451t-4da72f1f66e0c3ba171c5b1fb3b8b3cb2130bafc476fc11d7d19d3bdd7ebbda43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/001670379290327F$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/5035543$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Peter, J.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shanks, W.C</creatorcontrib><title>Sulfur, carbon, and oxygen isotope variations in submarine hydrothermal deposits of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, USA</title><title>Geochimica et cosmochimica acta</title><description>Sulfur, carbon, and oxygen isotope values were measured in sulfide, sulfate, and carbonate from hydrothermal chimney, spire, and mound samples in the southern trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, USA.
δ
34
S values of sulfides range from −3.7 to 4.5%. and indicate that sulfur originated from several sources:
1.
(1) dissolution of 0‰ sulfide contained within basaltic rocks,
2.
(2) thermal reduction of seawater sulfate during sediment alteration reactions in feeder zones to give sulfide with positive
δ
34
S, and
3.
(3) entrainment or leaching of isotopically light (negative-
δ
34
S) bacteriogenic sulfide from sediments underlying the deposits.
δ
34
S of barite and anhydrite indicate sulfur derivation mainly from unfractionated seawater sulfate, although some samples show evidence of sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation reactions during mixing within chimneys.
Oxygen isotope temperatures calculated for chimney calcites are in reasonable agreement with measured vent fluid temperatures and fluid inclusion trapping temperatures. Hydrothermal fluids that formed calcite-rich chimneys in the southern trough of Guaymas Basin were enriched in
18O with respect to seawater by about 2.4‰ due to isotopic exchange with sedimentary and/or basaltic rocks. Carbon isotope values of calcite range from −9.6 to −14.0‰
δ
34
C
pDB
, indicating that carbon was derived in approximately equal quantities from the dissolution of marine carbonate minerals and the oxidation of organic matter during migration of hydrothermal fluid through the underlying sediment column. Statistically significant positive, linear correlations of
δ
34
S,
δ
34
C, and
δ
18
O of sulfides and calcites with geographic location within the southern trough of Guaymas Basin are best explained by variations in water/rock (
w
r
) ratios or sediment reactivity within subsurface alteration zones. Low
w
r
ratios and the leaching of detrital carbonates and bacteriogenic sulfides at the southern vent sites result in relatively high
δ
13
C and low
δ
34
S in chimney carbonates and sulfides, respectively. In the north, where the depletion of alkalis in vent fluids indicates higher
w
r
ratios, positive
δ
34
S and more negative
δ
13
c are due to increased contributions from organic matter oxidation and sulfate reduction reactions.</description><subject>152004 - Geothermal Data & Theory- Isotope & Trace Element Studies</subject><subject>580000 - Geosciences</subject><subject>BASALT</subject><subject>CALCITE</subject><subject>CARBON 13</subject><subject>CARBON ISOTOPES</subject><subject>CARBONATE MINERALS</subject><subject>CHALCOGENIDES</subject><subject>CHEMICAL REACTIONS</subject><subject>CHEMISTRY</subject><subject>DATA</subject><subject>DECOMPOSITION</subject><subject>DISSOLUTION</subject><subject>ENRICHMENT</subject><subject>EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI</subject><subject>EVEN-ODD NUCLEI</subject><subject>EXPERIMENTAL DATA</subject><subject>FLUIDS</subject><subject>GEOCHEMISTRY</subject><subject>GEOSCIENCES</subject><subject>GEOTHERMAL ENERGY</subject><subject>GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS</subject><subject>GEOTHERMOMETRY</subject><subject>GULF OF CALIFORNIA</subject><subject>HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS</subject><subject>IGNEOUS ROCKS</subject><subject>INCLUSIONS</subject><subject>INFORMATION</subject><subject>ISOTOPE RATIO</subject><subject>ISOTOPES</subject><subject>ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE</subject><subject>LIGHT NUCLEI</subject><subject>MINERALOGY</subject><subject>MINERALS</subject><subject>NUCLEI</subject><subject>NUMERICAL DATA</subject><subject>ORIGIN</subject><subject>OXIDATION</subject><subject>OXYGEN 18</subject><subject>OXYGEN COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>OXYGEN ISOTOPES</subject><subject>PACIFIC OCEAN</subject><subject>PYROLYSIS</subject><subject>REDUCTION</subject><subject>RESERVOIR FLUIDS</subject><subject>RESERVOIR TEMPERATURE</subject><subject>ROCKS</subject><subject>SEAS</subject><subject>SEAWATER</subject><subject>STABLE ISOTOPES</subject><subject>SULFATES</subject><subject>SULFIDES</subject><subject>SULFUR 34</subject><subject>SULFUR COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>SULFUR ISOTOPES</subject><subject>SURFACE WATERS</subject><subject>THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES</subject><subject>VOLCANIC ROCKS</subject><subject>WATER</subject><issn>0016-7037</issn><issn>1872-9533</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1992</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kU2LFDEQhoMoOK7-Aw_BgyhMa9Lp7kxfhN3BGYUFD-ueQz4qTqQnGVPpxfHXm3bEo5cqKJ56q-otQl5y9o4zPrxnNTSSCflmbN-OTLSy2T0iK76RbTP2Qjwmq3_IU_IM8TtjTPY9W5Ffd_Pk57ymVmeT4prq6Gj6ef4GkQZMJZ2APugcdAkpIg2R4myOtRCBHs4up3KAfNQTdXBKGArS5Ol-1uejRnqjMVTJfR2xlLd6Cj7lGPSa3t9dPydPvJ4QXvzNV-R-9_Hr9lNz-2X_eXt92-iu56XpnJat534YgFlhNJfc9oZ7I8zGCGtaLpjR3nZy8JZzJx0fnTDOSTDG6U5ckVcX3YQlKLShgD3YFCPYonom-r4TFXp9gU45_ZgBizoGtDBNOkKaUXExDBsxjBXsLqDNCTGDV6ccqiFnxZlavqEWq9VitRpb9ecbalfbPlzaoF76ECAvi0C04EJe9nAp_F_gN5Jakyw</recordid><startdate>19920501</startdate><enddate>19920501</enddate><creator>Peter, J.M</creator><creator>Shanks, W.C</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19920501</creationdate><title>Sulfur, carbon, and oxygen isotope variations in submarine hydrothermal deposits of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, USA</title><author>Peter, J.M ; Shanks, W.C</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a451t-4da72f1f66e0c3ba171c5b1fb3b8b3cb2130bafc476fc11d7d19d3bdd7ebbda43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1992</creationdate><topic>152004 - Geothermal Data & Theory- Isotope & Trace Element Studies</topic><topic>580000 - Geosciences</topic><topic>BASALT</topic><topic>CALCITE</topic><topic>CARBON 13</topic><topic>CARBON ISOTOPES</topic><topic>CARBONATE MINERALS</topic><topic>CHALCOGENIDES</topic><topic>CHEMICAL REACTIONS</topic><topic>CHEMISTRY</topic><topic>DATA</topic><topic>DECOMPOSITION</topic><topic>DISSOLUTION</topic><topic>ENRICHMENT</topic><topic>EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI</topic><topic>EVEN-ODD NUCLEI</topic><topic>EXPERIMENTAL DATA</topic><topic>FLUIDS</topic><topic>GEOCHEMISTRY</topic><topic>GEOSCIENCES</topic><topic>GEOTHERMAL ENERGY</topic><topic>GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS</topic><topic>GEOTHERMOMETRY</topic><topic>GULF OF CALIFORNIA</topic><topic>HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS</topic><topic>IGNEOUS ROCKS</topic><topic>INCLUSIONS</topic><topic>INFORMATION</topic><topic>ISOTOPE RATIO</topic><topic>ISOTOPES</topic><topic>ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE</topic><topic>LIGHT NUCLEI</topic><topic>MINERALOGY</topic><topic>MINERALS</topic><topic>NUCLEI</topic><topic>NUMERICAL DATA</topic><topic>ORIGIN</topic><topic>OXIDATION</topic><topic>OXYGEN 18</topic><topic>OXYGEN COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>OXYGEN ISOTOPES</topic><topic>PACIFIC OCEAN</topic><topic>PYROLYSIS</topic><topic>REDUCTION</topic><topic>RESERVOIR FLUIDS</topic><topic>RESERVOIR TEMPERATURE</topic><topic>ROCKS</topic><topic>SEAS</topic><topic>SEAWATER</topic><topic>STABLE ISOTOPES</topic><topic>SULFATES</topic><topic>SULFIDES</topic><topic>SULFUR 34</topic><topic>SULFUR COMPOUNDS</topic><topic>SULFUR ISOTOPES</topic><topic>SURFACE WATERS</topic><topic>THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES</topic><topic>VOLCANIC ROCKS</topic><topic>WATER</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Peter, J.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shanks, W.C</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Geochimica et cosmochimica acta</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Peter, J.M</au><au>Shanks, W.C</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sulfur, carbon, and oxygen isotope variations in submarine hydrothermal deposits of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, USA</atitle><jtitle>Geochimica et cosmochimica acta</jtitle><date>1992-05-01</date><risdate>1992</risdate><volume>56</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>2025</spage><epage>2040</epage><pages>2025-2040</pages><issn>0016-7037</issn><eissn>1872-9533</eissn><abstract>Sulfur, carbon, and oxygen isotope values were measured in sulfide, sulfate, and carbonate from hydrothermal chimney, spire, and mound samples in the southern trough of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, USA.
δ
34
S values of sulfides range from −3.7 to 4.5%. and indicate that sulfur originated from several sources:
1.
(1) dissolution of 0‰ sulfide contained within basaltic rocks,
2.
(2) thermal reduction of seawater sulfate during sediment alteration reactions in feeder zones to give sulfide with positive
δ
34
S, and
3.
(3) entrainment or leaching of isotopically light (negative-
δ
34
S) bacteriogenic sulfide from sediments underlying the deposits.
δ
34
S of barite and anhydrite indicate sulfur derivation mainly from unfractionated seawater sulfate, although some samples show evidence of sulfate reduction and sulfide oxidation reactions during mixing within chimneys.
Oxygen isotope temperatures calculated for chimney calcites are in reasonable agreement with measured vent fluid temperatures and fluid inclusion trapping temperatures. Hydrothermal fluids that formed calcite-rich chimneys in the southern trough of Guaymas Basin were enriched in
18O with respect to seawater by about 2.4‰ due to isotopic exchange with sedimentary and/or basaltic rocks. Carbon isotope values of calcite range from −9.6 to −14.0‰
δ
34
C
pDB
, indicating that carbon was derived in approximately equal quantities from the dissolution of marine carbonate minerals and the oxidation of organic matter during migration of hydrothermal fluid through the underlying sediment column. Statistically significant positive, linear correlations of
δ
34
S,
δ
34
C, and
δ
18
O of sulfides and calcites with geographic location within the southern trough of Guaymas Basin are best explained by variations in water/rock (
w
r
) ratios or sediment reactivity within subsurface alteration zones. Low
w
r
ratios and the leaching of detrital carbonates and bacteriogenic sulfides at the southern vent sites result in relatively high
δ
13
C and low
δ
34
S in chimney carbonates and sulfides, respectively. In the north, where the depletion of alkalis in vent fluids indicates higher
w
r
ratios, positive
δ
34
S and more negative
δ
13
c are due to increased contributions from organic matter oxidation and sulfate reduction reactions.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/0016-7037(92)90327-F</doi><tpages>16</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0016-7037 |
| ispartof | Geochimica et cosmochimica acta, 1992-05, Vol.56 (5), p.2025-2040 |
| issn | 0016-7037 1872-9533 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_osti_scitechconnect_5035543 |
| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | 152004 - Geothermal Data & Theory- Isotope & Trace Element Studies 580000 - Geosciences BASALT CALCITE CARBON 13 CARBON ISOTOPES CARBONATE MINERALS CHALCOGENIDES CHEMICAL REACTIONS CHEMISTRY DATA DECOMPOSITION DISSOLUTION ENRICHMENT EVEN-EVEN NUCLEI EVEN-ODD NUCLEI EXPERIMENTAL DATA FLUIDS GEOCHEMISTRY GEOSCIENCES GEOTHERMAL ENERGY GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS GEOTHERMOMETRY GULF OF CALIFORNIA HYDROGEN COMPOUNDS HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEMS IGNEOUS ROCKS INCLUSIONS INFORMATION ISOTOPE RATIO ISOTOPES ISOTOPIC EXCHANGE LIGHT NUCLEI MINERALOGY MINERALS NUCLEI NUMERICAL DATA ORIGIN OXIDATION OXYGEN 18 OXYGEN COMPOUNDS OXYGEN ISOTOPES PACIFIC OCEAN PYROLYSIS REDUCTION RESERVOIR FLUIDS RESERVOIR TEMPERATURE ROCKS SEAS SEAWATER STABLE ISOTOPES SULFATES SULFIDES SULFUR 34 SULFUR COMPOUNDS SULFUR ISOTOPES SURFACE WATERS THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES VOLCANIC ROCKS WATER |
| title | Sulfur, carbon, and oxygen isotope variations in submarine hydrothermal deposits of Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, USA |
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