The NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey: The 40-month Catalog and the Properties of the Distant High-energy X-Ray Source Population
We present the first full catalog and science results for the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) serendipitous survey. The catalog incorporates data taken during the first 40 months of NuSTAR operation, which provide 20 Ms of effective exposure time over 331 fields, with an areal coverag...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Astrophysical journal 2017-02, Vol.836 (1), p.99 |
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| creator | Lansbury, G. B. Stern, D. Aird, J. Alexander, D. M. Fuentes, C. Harrison, F. A. Treister, E. Bauer, F. E. Tomsick, J. A. Balokovi, M. Moro, A. Del Gandhi, P. Ajello, M. Annuar, A. Ballantyne, D. R. Boggs, S. E. Brandt, W. N. Brightman, M. Chen, C.-T. J. Christensen, F. E. Civano, F. Comastri, A. Craig, W. W. Forster, K. Grefenstette, B. W. Hailey, C. J. Hickox, R. C. Jiang, B. Jun, H. D. Koss, M. Marchesi, S. Melo, A. D. Mullaney, J. R. Noirot, G. Schulze, S. Walton, D. J. Zappacosta, L. Zhang, W. W. |
| description | We present the first full catalog and science results for the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) serendipitous survey. The catalog incorporates data taken during the first 40 months of NuSTAR operation, which provide 20 Ms of effective exposure time over 331 fields, with an areal coverage of 13 deg2, and 497 sources detected in total over the 3-24 keV energy range. There are 276 sources with spectroscopic redshifts and classifications, largely resulting from our extensive campaign of ground-based spectroscopic follow-up. We characterize the overall sample in terms of the X-ray, optical, and infrared source properties. The sample is primarily composed of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), detected over a large range in redshift from z = 0.002 to 3.4 (median of ), but also includes 16 spectroscopically confirmed Galactic sources. There is a large range in X-ray flux, from to −11, and in rest-frame 10-40 keV luminosity, from to 46, with a median of 44.1. Approximately 79% of the NuSTAR sources have lower-energy ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/99 |
| format | Article |
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B. ; Stern, D. ; Aird, J. ; Alexander, D. M. ; Fuentes, C. ; Harrison, F. A. ; Treister, E. ; Bauer, F. E. ; Tomsick, J. A. ; Balokovi, M. ; Moro, A. Del ; Gandhi, P. ; Ajello, M. ; Annuar, A. ; Ballantyne, D. R. ; Boggs, S. E. ; Brandt, W. N. ; Brightman, M. ; Chen, C.-T. J. ; Christensen, F. E. ; Civano, F. ; Comastri, A. ; Craig, W. W. ; Forster, K. ; Grefenstette, B. W. ; Hailey, C. J. ; Hickox, R. C. ; Jiang, B. ; Jun, H. D. ; Koss, M. ; Marchesi, S. ; Melo, A. D. ; Mullaney, J. R. ; Noirot, G. ; Schulze, S. ; Walton, D. J. ; Zappacosta, L. ; Zhang, W. W.</creator><creatorcontrib>Lansbury, G. B. ; Stern, D. ; Aird, J. ; Alexander, D. M. ; Fuentes, C. ; Harrison, F. A. ; Treister, E. ; Bauer, F. E. ; Tomsick, J. A. ; Balokovi, M. ; Moro, A. Del ; Gandhi, P. ; Ajello, M. ; Annuar, A. ; Ballantyne, D. R. ; Boggs, S. E. ; Brandt, W. N. ; Brightman, M. ; Chen, C.-T. J. ; Christensen, F. E. ; Civano, F. ; Comastri, A. ; Craig, W. W. ; Forster, K. ; Grefenstette, B. W. ; Hailey, C. J. ; Hickox, R. C. ; Jiang, B. ; Jun, H. D. ; Koss, M. ; Marchesi, S. ; Melo, A. D. ; Mullaney, J. R. ; Noirot, G. ; Schulze, S. ; Walton, D. J. ; Zappacosta, L. ; Zhang, W. W.</creatorcontrib><description>We present the first full catalog and science results for the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) serendipitous survey. The catalog incorporates data taken during the first 40 months of NuSTAR operation, which provide 20 Ms of effective exposure time over 331 fields, with an areal coverage of 13 deg2, and 497 sources detected in total over the 3-24 keV energy range. There are 276 sources with spectroscopic redshifts and classifications, largely resulting from our extensive campaign of ground-based spectroscopic follow-up. We characterize the overall sample in terms of the X-ray, optical, and infrared source properties. The sample is primarily composed of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), detected over a large range in redshift from z = 0.002 to 3.4 (median of ), but also includes 16 spectroscopically confirmed Galactic sources. There is a large range in X-ray flux, from to −11, and in rest-frame 10-40 keV luminosity, from to 46, with a median of 44.1. Approximately 79% of the NuSTAR sources have lower-energy (<10 keV) X-ray counterparts from XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Swift XRT. The mid-infrared (MIR) analysis, using WISE all-sky survey data, shows that MIR AGN color selections miss a large fraction of the NuSTAR-selected AGN population, from 15% at the highest luminosities ( erg s−1) to 80% at the lowest luminosities ( erg s−1). Our optical spectroscopic analysis finds that the observed fraction of optically obscured AGNs (i.e., the type 2 fraction) is , for a well-defined subset of the 8-24 keV selected sample. This is higher, albeit at a low significance level, than the type 2 fraction measured for redshift- and luminosity-matched AGNs selected by <10 keV X-ray missions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-637X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-4357</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/99</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Philadelphia: The American Astronomical Society</publisher><subject>Active galactic nuclei ; Astrophysics ; ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY ; CLASSIFICATION ; GALAXIES ; galaxies: active ; galaxies: nuclei ; GALAXY NUCLEI ; Infrared analysis ; KEV RANGE 10-100 ; LUMINOSITY ; Optical properties ; Physics ; QUASARS ; quasars: general ; RED SHIFT ; Sky surveys (astronomy) ; Spectroscopic analysis ; Spectroscopic telescopes ; surveys ; TELESCOPES ; X RADIATION ; X ray sources ; X-ray fluxes ; X-rays: general ; XMM (spacecraft)</subject><ispartof>The Astrophysical journal, 2017-02, Vol.836 (1), p.99</ispartof><rights>2017. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright IOP Publishing Feb 10, 2017</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c486t-8907494f0b9338c8a8d0b64459079f6cdaf2c3631de9ef6801db6748684701bd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c486t-8907494f0b9338c8a8d0b64459079f6cdaf2c3631de9ef6801db6748684701bd3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5819-3552 ; 0000-0001-5679-1946 ; 0000-0002-7998-9581 ; 0000-0002-1984-2932 ; 0000-0003-1908-8463 ; 0000-0003-1468-9526 ; 0000-0002-6584-1703 ; 0000-0002-5896-6313 ; 0000-0003-2686-9241 ; 0000-0003-3105-2615 ; 0000-0003-3451-9970 ; 0000-0001-5544-0749 ; 0000-0001-5506-9855 ; 0000-0002-3126-6712 ; 0000-0002-4945-5079 ; 0000-0003-0387-1429 ; 0000-0002-8686-8737 ; 0000-0001-8128-6976 ; 0000-0001-6797-1889 ; 0000-0003-2992-8024 ; 0000-0001-7568-6412</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/99/pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Giop$$H</linktopdf><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,882,27905,27906,38871,53848</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/99$$EView_record_in_IOP_Publishing$$FView_record_in_$$GIOP_Publishing</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-01582728$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/22869380$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lansbury, G. 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W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forster, K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grefenstette, B. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hailey, C. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hickox, R. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jun, H. D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koss, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marchesi, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Melo, A. D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mullaney, J. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Noirot, G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schulze, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walton, D. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zappacosta, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, W. W.</creatorcontrib><title>The NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey: The 40-month Catalog and the Properties of the Distant High-energy X-Ray Source Population</title><title>The Astrophysical journal</title><addtitle>APJ</addtitle><addtitle>Astrophys. J</addtitle><description>We present the first full catalog and science results for the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) serendipitous survey. The catalog incorporates data taken during the first 40 months of NuSTAR operation, which provide 20 Ms of effective exposure time over 331 fields, with an areal coverage of 13 deg2, and 497 sources detected in total over the 3-24 keV energy range. There are 276 sources with spectroscopic redshifts and classifications, largely resulting from our extensive campaign of ground-based spectroscopic follow-up. We characterize the overall sample in terms of the X-ray, optical, and infrared source properties. The sample is primarily composed of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), detected over a large range in redshift from z = 0.002 to 3.4 (median of ), but also includes 16 spectroscopically confirmed Galactic sources. There is a large range in X-ray flux, from to −11, and in rest-frame 10-40 keV luminosity, from to 46, with a median of 44.1. Approximately 79% of the NuSTAR sources have lower-energy (<10 keV) X-ray counterparts from XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Swift XRT. The mid-infrared (MIR) analysis, using WISE all-sky survey data, shows that MIR AGN color selections miss a large fraction of the NuSTAR-selected AGN population, from 15% at the highest luminosities ( erg s−1) to 80% at the lowest luminosities ( erg s−1). Our optical spectroscopic analysis finds that the observed fraction of optically obscured AGNs (i.e., the type 2 fraction) is , for a well-defined subset of the 8-24 keV selected sample. 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B. ; Stern, D. ; Aird, J. ; Alexander, D. M. ; Fuentes, C. ; Harrison, F. A. ; Treister, E. ; Bauer, F. E. ; Tomsick, J. A. ; Balokovi, M. ; Moro, A. Del ; Gandhi, P. ; Ajello, M. ; Annuar, A. ; Ballantyne, D. R. ; Boggs, S. E. ; Brandt, W. N. ; Brightman, M. ; Chen, C.-T. J. ; Christensen, F. E. ; Civano, F. ; Comastri, A. ; Craig, W. W. ; Forster, K. ; Grefenstette, B. W. ; Hailey, C. J. ; Hickox, R. C. ; Jiang, B. ; Jun, H. D. ; Koss, M. ; Marchesi, S. ; Melo, A. D. ; Mullaney, J. R. ; Noirot, G. ; Schulze, S. ; Walton, D. J. ; Zappacosta, L. ; Zhang, W. 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W.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lansbury, G. B.</au><au>Stern, D.</au><au>Aird, J.</au><au>Alexander, D. M.</au><au>Fuentes, C.</au><au>Harrison, F. A.</au><au>Treister, E.</au><au>Bauer, F. E.</au><au>Tomsick, J. A.</au><au>Balokovi, M.</au><au>Moro, A. Del</au><au>Gandhi, P.</au><au>Ajello, M.</au><au>Annuar, A.</au><au>Ballantyne, D. R.</au><au>Boggs, S. E.</au><au>Brandt, W. N.</au><au>Brightman, M.</au><au>Chen, C.-T. J.</au><au>Christensen, F. E.</au><au>Civano, F.</au><au>Comastri, A.</au><au>Craig, W. W.</au><au>Forster, K.</au><au>Grefenstette, B. W.</au><au>Hailey, C. J.</au><au>Hickox, R. C.</au><au>Jiang, B.</au><au>Jun, H. D.</au><au>Koss, M.</au><au>Marchesi, S.</au><au>Melo, A. D.</au><au>Mullaney, J. R.</au><au>Noirot, G.</au><au>Schulze, S.</au><au>Walton, D. J.</au><au>Zappacosta, L.</au><au>Zhang, W. W.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey: The 40-month Catalog and the Properties of the Distant High-energy X-Ray Source Population</atitle><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle><stitle>APJ</stitle><addtitle>Astrophys. J</addtitle><date>2017-02-10</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>836</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>99</spage><pages>99-</pages><issn>0004-637X</issn><eissn>1538-4357</eissn><abstract>We present the first full catalog and science results for the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) serendipitous survey. The catalog incorporates data taken during the first 40 months of NuSTAR operation, which provide 20 Ms of effective exposure time over 331 fields, with an areal coverage of 13 deg2, and 497 sources detected in total over the 3-24 keV energy range. There are 276 sources with spectroscopic redshifts and classifications, largely resulting from our extensive campaign of ground-based spectroscopic follow-up. We characterize the overall sample in terms of the X-ray, optical, and infrared source properties. The sample is primarily composed of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), detected over a large range in redshift from z = 0.002 to 3.4 (median of ), but also includes 16 spectroscopically confirmed Galactic sources. There is a large range in X-ray flux, from to −11, and in rest-frame 10-40 keV luminosity, from to 46, with a median of 44.1. Approximately 79% of the NuSTAR sources have lower-energy (<10 keV) X-ray counterparts from XMM-Newton, Chandra, and Swift XRT. The mid-infrared (MIR) analysis, using WISE all-sky survey data, shows that MIR AGN color selections miss a large fraction of the NuSTAR-selected AGN population, from 15% at the highest luminosities ( erg s−1) to 80% at the lowest luminosities ( erg s−1). Our optical spectroscopic analysis finds that the observed fraction of optically obscured AGNs (i.e., the type 2 fraction) is , for a well-defined subset of the 8-24 keV selected sample. This is higher, albeit at a low significance level, than the type 2 fraction measured for redshift- and luminosity-matched AGNs selected by <10 keV X-ray missions.</abstract><cop>Philadelphia</cop><pub>The American Astronomical Society</pub><doi>10.3847/1538-4357/836/1/99</doi><tpages>30</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5819-3552</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5679-1946</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7998-9581</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1984-2932</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1908-8463</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1468-9526</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6584-1703</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-6313</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2686-9241</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3105-2615</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3451-9970</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5544-0749</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5506-9855</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3126-6712</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4945-5079</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0387-1429</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8686-8737</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8128-6976</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6797-1889</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2992-8024</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7568-6412</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| identifier | ISSN: 0004-637X |
| ispartof | The Astrophysical journal, 2017-02, Vol.836 (1), p.99 |
| issn | 0004-637X 1538-4357 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_osti_scitechconnect_22869380 |
| source | IOP Publishing Free Content |
| subjects | Active galactic nuclei Astrophysics ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY CLASSIFICATION GALAXIES galaxies: active galaxies: nuclei GALAXY NUCLEI Infrared analysis KEV RANGE 10-100 LUMINOSITY Optical properties Physics QUASARS quasars: general RED SHIFT Sky surveys (astronomy) Spectroscopic analysis Spectroscopic telescopes surveys TELESCOPES X RADIATION X ray sources X-ray fluxes X-rays: general XMM (spacecraft) |
| title | The NuSTAR Serendipitous Survey: The 40-month Catalog and the Properties of the Distant High-energy X-Ray Source Population |
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