Simultaneous recovery of Zn and Mn from used batteries in acidic and alkaline mediums: A comparative study
[Display omitted] •Leaching processes of waste from alkaline batteries are reviewed and compared.•The recovery of Zn and Mn by electrolysis in acid medium is highly dependent on pH.•Reaction of Zn with the O2 is released at the anode in the electrodeposition of Zn.•Zn is recovered as ZnO in a single...
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creator | Abid Charef, S. Affoune, A.M. Caballero, A. Cruz-Yusta, M. Morales, J. |
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•Leaching processes of waste from alkaline batteries are reviewed and compared.•The recovery of Zn and Mn by electrolysis in acid medium is highly dependent on pH.•Reaction of Zn with the O2 is released at the anode in the electrodeposition of Zn.•Zn is recovered as ZnO in a single step by acidifying the basic leachate with HCl.
A parallel study of acidic and alkaline leaching for the recovery of Mn and Zn from spent alkaline batteries is outlined. Using H2SO4 as solvent and selecting appropriate conditions of temperature and concentration, all residues were dissolved except carbon. The separation and recovery of the two components were performed by electrodeposition with satisfactory results at pH values above 4 (current efficiency above 70% for Zn and Mn) but rather lower efficiencies as the pH decreased. Most of the Zn was selectively dissolved by alkaline leaching using a 6.5M NaOH solution, and its recovery was examined by means of both electrochemical and chemical processes. The expected formation of pure Zn by electrowinning failed due to the formation of ZnO, the content of which was highly dependent on the electrodeposition time. For short periods, Zn was the main component. For longer periods the electrodeposit consisted of agglomerated microparticles of ZnO with a minor fraction of Zn metal (barely 3% as measured by X-ray diffraction). A chemical reaction of the element with oxygen released at the anode surface might be responsible for its conversion to ZnO. A simple chemical route is described for the first time for the direct conversion of Zn(OH)42− solution to nanostructured ZnO by lowering the pH to values around 12 using 2M HCl solution. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.048 |
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•Leaching processes of waste from alkaline batteries are reviewed and compared.•The recovery of Zn and Mn by electrolysis in acid medium is highly dependent on pH.•Reaction of Zn with the O2 is released at the anode in the electrodeposition of Zn.•Zn is recovered as ZnO in a single step by acidifying the basic leachate with HCl.
A parallel study of acidic and alkaline leaching for the recovery of Mn and Zn from spent alkaline batteries is outlined. Using H2SO4 as solvent and selecting appropriate conditions of temperature and concentration, all residues were dissolved except carbon. The separation and recovery of the two components were performed by electrodeposition with satisfactory results at pH values above 4 (current efficiency above 70% for Zn and Mn) but rather lower efficiencies as the pH decreased. Most of the Zn was selectively dissolved by alkaline leaching using a 6.5M NaOH solution, and its recovery was examined by means of both electrochemical and chemical processes. The expected formation of pure Zn by electrowinning failed due to the formation of ZnO, the content of which was highly dependent on the electrodeposition time. For short periods, Zn was the main component. For longer periods the electrodeposit consisted of agglomerated microparticles of ZnO with a minor fraction of Zn metal (barely 3% as measured by X-ray diffraction). A chemical reaction of the element with oxygen released at the anode surface might be responsible for its conversion to ZnO. A simple chemical route is described for the first time for the direct conversion of Zn(OH)42− solution to nanostructured ZnO by lowering the pH to values around 12 using 2M HCl solution.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0956-053X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2456</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.048</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28669497</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Acids ; Alkaline batteries ; ELECTRIC BATTERIES ; Electric Power Supplies ; ELECTRODEPOSITION ; Electrodes ; INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ; LEACHATES ; LEACHING ; MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES, AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES ; Manganese ; MATERIALS RECOVERY ; Metal recovery ; Recycling ; X-RAY DIFFRACTION ; Zinc ; ZINC OXIDES</subject><ispartof>Waste management (Elmsford), 2017-10, Vol.68, p.518-526</ispartof><rights>2017 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c544t-1fdd1c6dd0528ef0d5641b3d5722c56c2313046855d8a31f8356c6d5b8e2cbff3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c544t-1fdd1c6dd0528ef0d5641b3d5722c56c2313046855d8a31f8356c6d5b8e2cbff3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.048$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28669497$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/22742148$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Abid Charef, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Affoune, A.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caballero, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cruz-Yusta, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morales, J.</creatorcontrib><title>Simultaneous recovery of Zn and Mn from used batteries in acidic and alkaline mediums: A comparative study</title><title>Waste management (Elmsford)</title><addtitle>Waste Manag</addtitle><description>[Display omitted]
•Leaching processes of waste from alkaline batteries are reviewed and compared.•The recovery of Zn and Mn by electrolysis in acid medium is highly dependent on pH.•Reaction of Zn with the O2 is released at the anode in the electrodeposition of Zn.•Zn is recovered as ZnO in a single step by acidifying the basic leachate with HCl.
A parallel study of acidic and alkaline leaching for the recovery of Mn and Zn from spent alkaline batteries is outlined. Using H2SO4 as solvent and selecting appropriate conditions of temperature and concentration, all residues were dissolved except carbon. The separation and recovery of the two components were performed by electrodeposition with satisfactory results at pH values above 4 (current efficiency above 70% for Zn and Mn) but rather lower efficiencies as the pH decreased. Most of the Zn was selectively dissolved by alkaline leaching using a 6.5M NaOH solution, and its recovery was examined by means of both electrochemical and chemical processes. The expected formation of pure Zn by electrowinning failed due to the formation of ZnO, the content of which was highly dependent on the electrodeposition time. For short periods, Zn was the main component. For longer periods the electrodeposit consisted of agglomerated microparticles of ZnO with a minor fraction of Zn metal (barely 3% as measured by X-ray diffraction). A chemical reaction of the element with oxygen released at the anode surface might be responsible for its conversion to ZnO. A simple chemical route is described for the first time for the direct conversion of Zn(OH)42− solution to nanostructured ZnO by lowering the pH to values around 12 using 2M HCl solution.</description><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Alkaline batteries</subject><subject>ELECTRIC BATTERIES</subject><subject>Electric Power Supplies</subject><subject>ELECTRODEPOSITION</subject><subject>Electrodes</subject><subject>INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY</subject><subject>LEACHATES</subject><subject>LEACHING</subject><subject>MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES, AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES</subject><subject>Manganese</subject><subject>MATERIALS RECOVERY</subject><subject>Metal recovery</subject><subject>Recycling</subject><subject>X-RAY DIFFRACTION</subject><subject>Zinc</subject><subject>ZINC OXIDES</subject><issn>0956-053X</issn><issn>1879-2456</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU2P1SAUhonRONfRf2AMiRs3rUCBUhcmk4lfyRgXamLcEAqHyLUtV6DX3H8vdzq6dEUCz-E9eV6EnlLSUkLly3372-TZLC0jtG-JbAlX99COqn5oGBfyPtqRQciGiO7bBXqU854QyhUlD9EFU1IOfOh3aP85zOtUzAJxzTiBjUdIJxw9_r5gszj8ccE-xRmvGRweTSmQAmQc6qsNLthbyEw_zRQWwDO4sM75Fb7CNs4Hk0wJR8C5rO70GD3wZsrw5O68RF_fvvly_b65-fTuw_XVTWMF56Wh3jlqpXNEMAWeOCE5HTsnesaskJZ1tCNcKiGcMh31qquX0olRAbOj990ler79G3MJOttQwP6wcVnAFs1Yz1nVUKkXG3VI8dcKueg5ZAvTtKnQdKBCCCl4X1G-oTbFnBN4fUhhNumkKdHnLvReb13ocxeaSE1uE57dJaxj9fJv6K_8CrzeAKg2jgHSeVlYbHWYzru6GP6f8Afi6JzH</recordid><startdate>20171001</startdate><enddate>20171001</enddate><creator>Abid Charef, S.</creator><creator>Affoune, A.M.</creator><creator>Caballero, A.</creator><creator>Cruz-Yusta, M.</creator><creator>Morales, J.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20171001</creationdate><title>Simultaneous recovery of Zn and Mn from used batteries in acidic and alkaline mediums: A comparative study</title><author>Abid Charef, S. ; Affoune, A.M. ; Caballero, A. ; Cruz-Yusta, M. ; Morales, J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c544t-1fdd1c6dd0528ef0d5641b3d5722c56c2313046855d8a31f8356c6d5b8e2cbff3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Alkaline batteries</topic><topic>ELECTRIC BATTERIES</topic><topic>Electric Power Supplies</topic><topic>ELECTRODEPOSITION</topic><topic>Electrodes</topic><topic>INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY</topic><topic>LEACHATES</topic><topic>LEACHING</topic><topic>MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES, AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES</topic><topic>Manganese</topic><topic>MATERIALS RECOVERY</topic><topic>Metal recovery</topic><topic>Recycling</topic><topic>X-RAY DIFFRACTION</topic><topic>Zinc</topic><topic>ZINC OXIDES</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Abid Charef, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Affoune, A.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caballero, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cruz-Yusta, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morales, J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Waste management (Elmsford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Abid Charef, S.</au><au>Affoune, A.M.</au><au>Caballero, A.</au><au>Cruz-Yusta, M.</au><au>Morales, J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Simultaneous recovery of Zn and Mn from used batteries in acidic and alkaline mediums: A comparative study</atitle><jtitle>Waste management (Elmsford)</jtitle><addtitle>Waste Manag</addtitle><date>2017-10-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>68</volume><spage>518</spage><epage>526</epage><pages>518-526</pages><issn>0956-053X</issn><eissn>1879-2456</eissn><abstract>[Display omitted]
•Leaching processes of waste from alkaline batteries are reviewed and compared.•The recovery of Zn and Mn by electrolysis in acid medium is highly dependent on pH.•Reaction of Zn with the O2 is released at the anode in the electrodeposition of Zn.•Zn is recovered as ZnO in a single step by acidifying the basic leachate with HCl.
A parallel study of acidic and alkaline leaching for the recovery of Mn and Zn from spent alkaline batteries is outlined. Using H2SO4 as solvent and selecting appropriate conditions of temperature and concentration, all residues were dissolved except carbon. The separation and recovery of the two components were performed by electrodeposition with satisfactory results at pH values above 4 (current efficiency above 70% for Zn and Mn) but rather lower efficiencies as the pH decreased. Most of the Zn was selectively dissolved by alkaline leaching using a 6.5M NaOH solution, and its recovery was examined by means of both electrochemical and chemical processes. The expected formation of pure Zn by electrowinning failed due to the formation of ZnO, the content of which was highly dependent on the electrodeposition time. For short periods, Zn was the main component. For longer periods the electrodeposit consisted of agglomerated microparticles of ZnO with a minor fraction of Zn metal (barely 3% as measured by X-ray diffraction). A chemical reaction of the element with oxygen released at the anode surface might be responsible for its conversion to ZnO. A simple chemical route is described for the first time for the direct conversion of Zn(OH)42− solution to nanostructured ZnO by lowering the pH to values around 12 using 2M HCl solution.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>28669497</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.wasman.2017.06.048</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Acids Alkaline batteries ELECTRIC BATTERIES Electric Power Supplies ELECTRODEPOSITION Electrodes INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LEACHATES LEACHING MANAGEMENT OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES, AND NON-RADIOACTIVE WASTES FROM NUCLEAR FACILITIES Manganese MATERIALS RECOVERY Metal recovery Recycling X-RAY DIFFRACTION Zinc ZINC OXIDES |
title | Simultaneous recovery of Zn and Mn from used batteries in acidic and alkaline mediums: A comparative study |
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