Field emission analysis of band bending in donor/acceptor heterojunction
The donor/acceptor heterojunction plays an important role in organic solar cells. An investigation of band bending in the donor/acceptor heterojunction is helpful in analysis of the charge transport behavior and for the improvement of the device performance. In this work, we report an approach for d...
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description | The donor/acceptor heterojunction plays an important role in organic solar cells. An investigation of band bending in the donor/acceptor heterojunction is helpful in analysis of the charge transport behavior and for the improvement of the device performance. In this work, we report an approach for detection of band bending in a donor/acceptor heterojunction that has been prepared on a small and sharp tungsten tip. In situ field emission measurements are performed after the deposition process, and a linear Fowler-Nordheim plot is obtained from the fresh organic film surface. The thickness-dependent work function is then measured in the layer-by-layer deposited heterojunction. Several different types of heterojunction (zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)/C60, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole, and CuPc/C60) are fabricated and analyzed. The different charge transfer directions in the heterojunctions are distinguished by field emission measurements. The calculation method used to determine the band bending is then discussed in detail. A triple layer heterojunction (C60/ZnPc/CuPc) is also analyzed using this method. A small amount of band bending is measured in the outer CuPc layer. This method provides an independent reference method for determination of the band bending in an organic heterojunction that will complement photoemission spectroscopy and current-voltage measurement methods. |
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An investigation of band bending in the donor/acceptor heterojunction is helpful in analysis of the charge transport behavior and for the improvement of the device performance. In this work, we report an approach for detection of band bending in a donor/acceptor heterojunction that has been prepared on a small and sharp tungsten tip. In situ field emission measurements are performed after the deposition process, and a linear Fowler-Nordheim plot is obtained from the fresh organic film surface. The thickness-dependent work function is then measured in the layer-by-layer deposited heterojunction. Several different types of heterojunction (zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)/C60, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole, and CuPc/C60) are fabricated and analyzed. The different charge transfer directions in the heterojunctions are distinguished by field emission measurements. The calculation method used to determine the band bending is then discussed in detail. A triple layer heterojunction (C60/ZnPc/CuPc) is also analyzed using this method. A small amount of band bending is measured in the outer CuPc layer. This method provides an independent reference method for determination of the band bending in an organic heterojunction that will complement photoemission spectroscopy and current-voltage measurement methods.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8979</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1089-7550</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/1.4955219</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAPIAU</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Melville: American Institute of Physics</publisher><subject>Applied physics ; BENDING ; Buckminsterfullerene ; CALCULATION METHODS ; Charge transfer ; CHARGE TRANSPORT ; CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS ; CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY ; COPPER COMPLEXES ; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL ; Electrical measurement ; Emission analysis ; FIELD EMISSION ; Fullerenes ; HETEROJUNCTIONS ; LAYERS ; Measurement methods ; Organic chemistry ; ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS ; Photoelectric emission ; PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY ; PHOTOEMISSION ; Photovoltaic cells ; PHTHALOCYANINES ; Solar cells ; SURFACES ; THICKNESS ; TUNGSTEN ; WORK FUNCTIONS ; ZINC</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied physics, 2016-06, Vol.119 (24)</ispartof><rights>Author(s)</rights><rights>2016 Author(s). Published by AIP Publishing.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c355t-1a8a72424a6a1d74c25b0a7a1dc1909f7481ad939d5db18ad10eaa4c561bcec43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c355t-1a8a72424a6a1d74c25b0a7a1dc1909f7481ad939d5db18ad10eaa4c561bcec43</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2156-6957</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.aip.org/jap/article-lookup/doi/10.1063/1.4955219$$EHTML$$P50$$Gscitation$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,791,882,4498,27905,27906,76133</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/22596617$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Xing, Yingjie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Shuai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Guiwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Tianjiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Gengmin</creatorcontrib><title>Field emission analysis of band bending in donor/acceptor heterojunction</title><title>Journal of applied physics</title><description>The donor/acceptor heterojunction plays an important role in organic solar cells. An investigation of band bending in the donor/acceptor heterojunction is helpful in analysis of the charge transport behavior and for the improvement of the device performance. In this work, we report an approach for detection of band bending in a donor/acceptor heterojunction that has been prepared on a small and sharp tungsten tip. In situ field emission measurements are performed after the deposition process, and a linear Fowler-Nordheim plot is obtained from the fresh organic film surface. The thickness-dependent work function is then measured in the layer-by-layer deposited heterojunction. Several different types of heterojunction (zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)/C60, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole, and CuPc/C60) are fabricated and analyzed. The different charge transfer directions in the heterojunctions are distinguished by field emission measurements. The calculation method used to determine the band bending is then discussed in detail. A triple layer heterojunction (C60/ZnPc/CuPc) is also analyzed using this method. A small amount of band bending is measured in the outer CuPc layer. This method provides an independent reference method for determination of the band bending in an organic heterojunction that will complement photoemission spectroscopy and current-voltage measurement methods.</description><subject>Applied physics</subject><subject>BENDING</subject><subject>Buckminsterfullerene</subject><subject>CALCULATION METHODS</subject><subject>Charge transfer</subject><subject>CHARGE TRANSPORT</subject><subject>CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS</subject><subject>CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY</subject><subject>COPPER COMPLEXES</subject><subject>ELECTRIC POTENTIAL</subject><subject>Electrical measurement</subject><subject>Emission analysis</subject><subject>FIELD EMISSION</subject><subject>Fullerenes</subject><subject>HETEROJUNCTIONS</subject><subject>LAYERS</subject><subject>Measurement methods</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS</subject><subject>Photoelectric emission</subject><subject>PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY</subject><subject>PHOTOEMISSION</subject><subject>Photovoltaic cells</subject><subject>PHTHALOCYANINES</subject><subject>Solar cells</subject><subject>SURFACES</subject><subject>THICKNESS</subject><subject>TUNGSTEN</subject><subject>WORK FUNCTIONS</subject><subject>ZINC</subject><issn>0021-8979</issn><issn>1089-7550</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqd0MFKAzEQBuAgCtbqwTcIeFLYNpPd7G6OUqwVCl70HGaTrE1pk5qkQt_eLS149zRz-GaGfwi5BzYBVpdTmFRSCA7ygoyAtbJohGCXZMQYh6KVjbwmNymtGQNoSzkii7mzG0Pt1qXkgqfocXNILtHQ0w69oZ31xvkv6jw1wYc4Ra3tLodIVzbbGNZ7r_MweUuuetwke3euY_I5f_mYLYrl--vb7HlZ6FKIXAC22PCKV1gjmKbSXHQMm6HXIJnsm6oFNLKURpgOWjTALGKlRQ2dtroqx-ThtDek7FTSLlu90sF7q7PiXMi6huZP7WL43tuU1Trs45AtKQ4cGoCS80E9npSOIaVoe7WLbovxoICp4zsVqPM7B_t0sseTeEz8P_wT4h9UO9OXvzSDgqs</recordid><startdate>20160628</startdate><enddate>20160628</enddate><creator>Xing, Yingjie</creator><creator>Li, Shuai</creator><creator>Wang, Guiwei</creator><creator>Zhao, Tianjiao</creator><creator>Zhang, Gengmin</creator><general>American Institute of Physics</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-6957</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20160628</creationdate><title>Field emission analysis of band bending in donor/acceptor heterojunction</title><author>Xing, Yingjie ; Li, Shuai ; Wang, Guiwei ; Zhao, Tianjiao ; Zhang, Gengmin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c355t-1a8a72424a6a1d74c25b0a7a1dc1909f7481ad939d5db18ad10eaa4c561bcec43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Applied physics</topic><topic>BENDING</topic><topic>Buckminsterfullerene</topic><topic>CALCULATION METHODS</topic><topic>Charge transfer</topic><topic>CHARGE TRANSPORT</topic><topic>CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS</topic><topic>CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY</topic><topic>COPPER COMPLEXES</topic><topic>ELECTRIC POTENTIAL</topic><topic>Electrical measurement</topic><topic>Emission analysis</topic><topic>FIELD EMISSION</topic><topic>Fullerenes</topic><topic>HETEROJUNCTIONS</topic><topic>LAYERS</topic><topic>Measurement methods</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS</topic><topic>Photoelectric emission</topic><topic>PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY</topic><topic>PHOTOEMISSION</topic><topic>Photovoltaic cells</topic><topic>PHTHALOCYANINES</topic><topic>Solar cells</topic><topic>SURFACES</topic><topic>THICKNESS</topic><topic>TUNGSTEN</topic><topic>WORK FUNCTIONS</topic><topic>ZINC</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Xing, Yingjie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Shuai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Guiwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Tianjiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Gengmin</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Xing, Yingjie</au><au>Li, Shuai</au><au>Wang, Guiwei</au><au>Zhao, Tianjiao</au><au>Zhang, Gengmin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Field emission analysis of band bending in donor/acceptor heterojunction</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied physics</jtitle><date>2016-06-28</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>119</volume><issue>24</issue><issn>0021-8979</issn><eissn>1089-7550</eissn><coden>JAPIAU</coden><abstract>The donor/acceptor heterojunction plays an important role in organic solar cells. An investigation of band bending in the donor/acceptor heterojunction is helpful in analysis of the charge transport behavior and for the improvement of the device performance. In this work, we report an approach for detection of band bending in a donor/acceptor heterojunction that has been prepared on a small and sharp tungsten tip. In situ field emission measurements are performed after the deposition process, and a linear Fowler-Nordheim plot is obtained from the fresh organic film surface. The thickness-dependent work function is then measured in the layer-by-layer deposited heterojunction. Several different types of heterojunction (zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc)/C60, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bisbenzimidazole, and CuPc/C60) are fabricated and analyzed. The different charge transfer directions in the heterojunctions are distinguished by field emission measurements. The calculation method used to determine the band bending is then discussed in detail. A triple layer heterojunction (C60/ZnPc/CuPc) is also analyzed using this method. A small amount of band bending is measured in the outer CuPc layer. This method provides an independent reference method for determination of the band bending in an organic heterojunction that will complement photoemission spectroscopy and current-voltage measurement methods.</abstract><cop>Melville</cop><pub>American Institute of Physics</pub><doi>10.1063/1.4955219</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-6957</orcidid></addata></record> |
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subjects | Applied physics BENDING Buckminsterfullerene CALCULATION METHODS Charge transfer CHARGE TRANSPORT CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY COPPER COMPLEXES ELECTRIC POTENTIAL Electrical measurement Emission analysis FIELD EMISSION Fullerenes HETEROJUNCTIONS LAYERS Measurement methods Organic chemistry ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS Photoelectric emission PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY PHOTOEMISSION Photovoltaic cells PHTHALOCYANINES Solar cells SURFACES THICKNESS TUNGSTEN WORK FUNCTIONS ZINC |
title | Field emission analysis of band bending in donor/acceptor heterojunction |
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