Evaluation of the use of common sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) organ histology as bioindicator for element exposure in the fjord of the mining area Maarmorilik, West Greenland
The former Black Angel lead–zinc mine in Maarmorilik, West Greenland, is a historic example of how mining activity may result in a significant impact on the surrounding fjord system in terms of elevated concentrations of especially lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in seawater, sediments and surrounding biota...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental research 2014-08, Vol.133, p.304-311 |
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| creator | Sonne, Christian Bach, Lis Søndergaard, Jens Rigét, Frank F. Dietz, Rune Mosbech, Anders Leifsson, Pall S. Gustavson, Kim |
| description | The former Black Angel lead–zinc mine in Maarmorilik, West Greenland, is a historic example of how mining activity may result in a significant impact on the surrounding fjord system in terms of elevated concentrations of especially lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in seawater, sediments and surrounding biota. In order to shed light on the present contamination and possible effects in the fjord we initiated a range of studies including a pilot study on gill and liver morphology of common sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) around Maarmorilik. Sculpins were caught and sampled at five different stations known to represent a gradient of Pb concentrations. Fish livers from all specimens were analyzed for relevant elements in the area: Fe, Zn, As, Cu, Se, Cd, Pb, Ag, Hg, Co and Ni. Lead, As and Hg showed significant differences among the five stations. For 20% of the sculpins, Hg concentrations were in the range of lowest observed effect dose (LOED) of 0.1–0.5μg/gww for toxic threshold on reproduction and subclinical endpoints. Likewise LOEDs for tissue lesions, LOEDs for biochemistry, growth, survival and reproduction were exceeded for Cd (0.42–1.8μg/gww) and for As (11.6μg/gww) in 28% and 85% of the sculpins, respectively. Similar to this, the no observed effect dose (NOED) for biochemistry was exceeded for Pb (0.32μg/gww) and for growth, mortality and reproduction for Zn (60–68μg/gww) in 33% and 24% of the sculpins, respectively. For all sculpins, females were significantly larger than males and for five of the elements (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Se) females had higher concentrations. The chronic lesions observed in liver (mononuclear cell infiltrates, necrosis, vacuolar hepatocytes, portal fibrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, active melanomacrophage centers) and gills (fusion and edema of secondary lamellae, laminar telangiectasis, mononuclear cell infiltrates, blebs) were similar to those in the literature studies for both wild and laboratory exposed sculpins and other fish species carrying similar or higher Hg concentrations. Ignoring sex and size, specimens with hepatic cell infiltrates had the highest concentrations of most elements, a relation that was also found for gill telangiectasis and Hg (all p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.031 |
| format | Article |
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•Black Angel Pb–Zn mine in West Greenland has led to significant metal pollution.•Gill and liver morphology of common sculpins was evaluated as bioindicators.•Significant pathologies were found and were related to metal concentrations.•Sculpin pathology may be suitable health indicators for mining activity effects.•These should be enrolled in EIAs of raw material industrialization in the Arctic.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-9351</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-0953</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.031</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24991745</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ENVRAL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>ABUNDANCE ; Agnatha. Pisces ; ANIMAL TISSUES ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; Applied ecology ; Arctic Regions ; ARSENIC ; BILIARY TRACT ; BIOCHEMISTRY ; Biological and medical sciences ; BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS ; Body Size ; CONCENTRATION RATIO ; CONTAMINATION ; ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION ; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution ; Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollutants - analysis ; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ; Exposure ; Female ; Fishes ; Fjords ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gill ; GILLS ; Gills - pathology ; GREENLAND ; Health effects ; LAMELLAE ; LEAD ; Lead (metal) ; LIVER ; Liver - chemistry ; Liver - pathology ; LIVER CELLS ; Male ; MERCURY ; Mercury (metal) ; MINING ; MORPHOLOGY ; Myoxocephalus scorpius ; NECROSIS ; PATHOLOGY ; REPRODUCTION ; SEAWATER ; Sex Factors ; Stations ; TELANGIECTASIS ; ZINC ; ZINC 60</subject><ispartof>Environmental research, 2014-08, Vol.133, p.304-311</ispartof><rights>2014 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c486t-213e1bc648796f69b20361ef2b4583f874e281882ac8db1306195a4d37f9bd3f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c486t-213e1bc648796f69b20361ef2b4583f874e281882ac8db1306195a4d37f9bd3f3</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-5723-5263</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.031$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28711127$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24991745$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/22447540$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Sonne, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bach, Lis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Søndergaard, Jens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rigét, Frank F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dietz, Rune</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mosbech, Anders</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leifsson, Pall S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gustavson, Kim</creatorcontrib><title>Evaluation of the use of common sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) organ histology as bioindicator for element exposure in the fjord of the mining area Maarmorilik, West Greenland</title><title>Environmental research</title><addtitle>Environ Res</addtitle><description>The former Black Angel lead–zinc mine in Maarmorilik, West Greenland, is a historic example of how mining activity may result in a significant impact on the surrounding fjord system in terms of elevated concentrations of especially lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in seawater, sediments and surrounding biota. In order to shed light on the present contamination and possible effects in the fjord we initiated a range of studies including a pilot study on gill and liver morphology of common sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) around Maarmorilik. Sculpins were caught and sampled at five different stations known to represent a gradient of Pb concentrations. Fish livers from all specimens were analyzed for relevant elements in the area: Fe, Zn, As, Cu, Se, Cd, Pb, Ag, Hg, Co and Ni. Lead, As and Hg showed significant differences among the five stations. For 20% of the sculpins, Hg concentrations were in the range of lowest observed effect dose (LOED) of 0.1–0.5μg/gww for toxic threshold on reproduction and subclinical endpoints. Likewise LOEDs for tissue lesions, LOEDs for biochemistry, growth, survival and reproduction were exceeded for Cd (0.42–1.8μg/gww) and for As (11.6μg/gww) in 28% and 85% of the sculpins, respectively. Similar to this, the no observed effect dose (NOED) for biochemistry was exceeded for Pb (0.32μg/gww) and for growth, mortality and reproduction for Zn (60–68μg/gww) in 33% and 24% of the sculpins, respectively. For all sculpins, females were significantly larger than males and for five of the elements (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Se) females had higher concentrations. The chronic lesions observed in liver (mononuclear cell infiltrates, necrosis, vacuolar hepatocytes, portal fibrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, active melanomacrophage centers) and gills (fusion and edema of secondary lamellae, laminar telangiectasis, mononuclear cell infiltrates, blebs) were similar to those in the literature studies for both wild and laboratory exposed sculpins and other fish species carrying similar or higher Hg concentrations. Ignoring sex and size, specimens with hepatic cell infiltrates had the highest concentrations of most elements, a relation that was also found for gill telangiectasis and Hg (all p<0.05). When controlling for sex and size, the prevalence of vacuolar hepatocytes and endoparasites was significantly highest at the three most contaminated stations and similar differences were found for liver necrosis. We suggest that beside exposure to mining-related elements, other environmental factors, such as parasites, might be co-factors in the development of the observed liver and gill lesions. Therefore, sculpin liver and gill pathology are likely to be suitable health indicators when biomonitoring gradients of mining and other element related activity effects; while a larger study is required to fully evaluate the relationships.
•Black Angel Pb–Zn mine in West Greenland has led to significant metal pollution.•Gill and liver morphology of common sculpins was evaluated as bioindicators.•Significant pathologies were found and were related to metal concentrations.•Sculpin pathology may be suitable health indicators for mining activity effects.•These should be enrolled in EIAs of raw material industrialization in the Arctic.</description><subject>ABUNDANCE</subject><subject>Agnatha. Pisces</subject><subject>ANIMAL TISSUES</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>Arctic Regions</subject><subject>ARSENIC</subject><subject>BILIARY TRACT</subject><subject>BIOCHEMISTRY</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS</subject><subject>Body Size</subject><subject>CONCENTRATION RATIO</subject><subject>CONTAMINATION</subject><subject>ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</subject><subject>Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fishes</subject><subject>Fjords</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gill</subject><subject>GILLS</subject><subject>Gills - pathology</subject><subject>GREENLAND</subject><subject>Health effects</subject><subject>LAMELLAE</subject><subject>LEAD</subject><subject>Lead (metal)</subject><subject>LIVER</subject><subject>Liver - chemistry</subject><subject>Liver - pathology</subject><subject>LIVER CELLS</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>MERCURY</subject><subject>Mercury (metal)</subject><subject>MINING</subject><subject>MORPHOLOGY</subject><subject>Myoxocephalus scorpius</subject><subject>NECROSIS</subject><subject>PATHOLOGY</subject><subject>REPRODUCTION</subject><subject>SEAWATER</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Stations</subject><subject>TELANGIECTASIS</subject><subject>ZINC</subject><subject>ZINC 60</subject><issn>0013-9351</issn><issn>1096-0953</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkdGK1DAUhoso7rj6BiIBEVZwxpwkTdsbQZZ1FXbxRvEypOnpTMY2qUk77DyWb2hqZ_VOvAhJDl_O_5_8WfYc6AYoyLf7DbpDwLhhFMSG5hvK4UG2AlrJNa1y_jBbUQp8XfEczrInMe7TFXJOH2dnTFQVFCJfZT-vDrqb9Gi9I74l4w7JFHE-Gt_3qRjN1A3WkYvbo7_zBodd4mMq-zDYKb4mPmy1IzsbR9_57ZHoSGrrrWus0aMPpE0LO-zRjQTvBh-ngCQ1nKXavQ_NvW5vnXVbogNqcqt16H2wnf3-hnzDOJLrgOg67Zqn2aNWdxGfnfbz7OuHqy-XH9c3n68_Xb6_WRtRynHNgCPURoqyqGQrq5pRLgFbVou85G1ZCGQllCXTpmxq4FRClWvR8KKt6oa3_Dx7ufT1cbQqGjui2RnvHJpRMSZEkQuaqIuFGoL_MSWjqrfRYJecop-iAikYS2lw-A-UJatSFjMqFtQEH2PAVg3B9jocFVA1p6_2aklfzekrmiv6W-HFSWGqe2z-PLqPOwGvToCORndt0M7Y-JcrCwBgReLeLRymDz5YDPP86Aw2NszjN97-28kvV5vRRQ</recordid><startdate>20140801</startdate><enddate>20140801</enddate><creator>Sonne, Christian</creator><creator>Bach, Lis</creator><creator>Søndergaard, Jens</creator><creator>Rigét, Frank F.</creator><creator>Dietz, Rune</creator><creator>Mosbech, Anders</creator><creator>Leifsson, Pall S.</creator><creator>Gustavson, Kim</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-5263</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20140801</creationdate><title>Evaluation of the use of common sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) organ histology as bioindicator for element exposure in the fjord of the mining area Maarmorilik, West Greenland</title><author>Sonne, Christian ; Bach, Lis ; Søndergaard, Jens ; Rigét, Frank F. ; Dietz, Rune ; Mosbech, Anders ; Leifsson, Pall S. ; Gustavson, Kim</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c486t-213e1bc648796f69b20361ef2b4583f874e281882ac8db1306195a4d37f9bd3f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>ABUNDANCE</topic><topic>Agnatha. Pisces</topic><topic>ANIMAL TISSUES</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Applied ecology</topic><topic>Arctic Regions</topic><topic>ARSENIC</topic><topic>BILIARY TRACT</topic><topic>BIOCHEMISTRY</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS</topic><topic>Body Size</topic><topic>CONCENTRATION RATIO</topic><topic>CONTAMINATION</topic><topic>ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</topic><topic>Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fishes</topic><topic>Fjords</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gill</topic><topic>GILLS</topic><topic>Gills - pathology</topic><topic>GREENLAND</topic><topic>Health effects</topic><topic>LAMELLAE</topic><topic>LEAD</topic><topic>Lead (metal)</topic><topic>LIVER</topic><topic>Liver - chemistry</topic><topic>Liver - pathology</topic><topic>LIVER CELLS</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>MERCURY</topic><topic>Mercury (metal)</topic><topic>MINING</topic><topic>MORPHOLOGY</topic><topic>Myoxocephalus scorpius</topic><topic>NECROSIS</topic><topic>PATHOLOGY</topic><topic>REPRODUCTION</topic><topic>SEAWATER</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Stations</topic><topic>TELANGIECTASIS</topic><topic>ZINC</topic><topic>ZINC 60</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Sonne, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bach, Lis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Søndergaard, Jens</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rigét, Frank F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dietz, Rune</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mosbech, Anders</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leifsson, Pall S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gustavson, Kim</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Environmental research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Sonne, Christian</au><au>Bach, Lis</au><au>Søndergaard, Jens</au><au>Rigét, Frank F.</au><au>Dietz, Rune</au><au>Mosbech, Anders</au><au>Leifsson, Pall S.</au><au>Gustavson, Kim</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Evaluation of the use of common sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) organ histology as bioindicator for element exposure in the fjord of the mining area Maarmorilik, West Greenland</atitle><jtitle>Environmental research</jtitle><addtitle>Environ Res</addtitle><date>2014-08-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>133</volume><spage>304</spage><epage>311</epage><pages>304-311</pages><issn>0013-9351</issn><eissn>1096-0953</eissn><coden>ENVRAL</coden><abstract>The former Black Angel lead–zinc mine in Maarmorilik, West Greenland, is a historic example of how mining activity may result in a significant impact on the surrounding fjord system in terms of elevated concentrations of especially lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in seawater, sediments and surrounding biota. In order to shed light on the present contamination and possible effects in the fjord we initiated a range of studies including a pilot study on gill and liver morphology of common sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) around Maarmorilik. Sculpins were caught and sampled at five different stations known to represent a gradient of Pb concentrations. Fish livers from all specimens were analyzed for relevant elements in the area: Fe, Zn, As, Cu, Se, Cd, Pb, Ag, Hg, Co and Ni. Lead, As and Hg showed significant differences among the five stations. For 20% of the sculpins, Hg concentrations were in the range of lowest observed effect dose (LOED) of 0.1–0.5μg/gww for toxic threshold on reproduction and subclinical endpoints. Likewise LOEDs for tissue lesions, LOEDs for biochemistry, growth, survival and reproduction were exceeded for Cd (0.42–1.8μg/gww) and for As (11.6μg/gww) in 28% and 85% of the sculpins, respectively. Similar to this, the no observed effect dose (NOED) for biochemistry was exceeded for Pb (0.32μg/gww) and for growth, mortality and reproduction for Zn (60–68μg/gww) in 33% and 24% of the sculpins, respectively. For all sculpins, females were significantly larger than males and for five of the elements (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Se) females had higher concentrations. The chronic lesions observed in liver (mononuclear cell infiltrates, necrosis, vacuolar hepatocytes, portal fibrosis, bile duct hyperplasia, active melanomacrophage centers) and gills (fusion and edema of secondary lamellae, laminar telangiectasis, mononuclear cell infiltrates, blebs) were similar to those in the literature studies for both wild and laboratory exposed sculpins and other fish species carrying similar or higher Hg concentrations. Ignoring sex and size, specimens with hepatic cell infiltrates had the highest concentrations of most elements, a relation that was also found for gill telangiectasis and Hg (all p<0.05). When controlling for sex and size, the prevalence of vacuolar hepatocytes and endoparasites was significantly highest at the three most contaminated stations and similar differences were found for liver necrosis. We suggest that beside exposure to mining-related elements, other environmental factors, such as parasites, might be co-factors in the development of the observed liver and gill lesions. Therefore, sculpin liver and gill pathology are likely to be suitable health indicators when biomonitoring gradients of mining and other element related activity effects; while a larger study is required to fully evaluate the relationships.
•Black Angel Pb–Zn mine in West Greenland has led to significant metal pollution.•Gill and liver morphology of common sculpins was evaluated as bioindicators.•Significant pathologies were found and were related to metal concentrations.•Sculpin pathology may be suitable health indicators for mining activity effects.•These should be enrolled in EIAs of raw material industrialization in the Arctic.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>24991745</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.031</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5723-5263</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental research, 2014-08, Vol.133, p.304-311 |
| issn | 0013-9351 1096-0953 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_osti_scitechconnect_22447540 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | ABUNDANCE Agnatha. Pisces ANIMAL TISSUES Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Applied ecology Arctic Regions ARSENIC BILIARY TRACT BIOCHEMISTRY Biological and medical sciences BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS Body Size CONCENTRATION RATIO CONTAMINATION ECOLOGICAL CONCENTRATION Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollutants - analysis ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Exposure Female Fishes Fjords Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gill GILLS Gills - pathology GREENLAND Health effects LAMELLAE LEAD Lead (metal) LIVER Liver - chemistry Liver - pathology LIVER CELLS Male MERCURY Mercury (metal) MINING MORPHOLOGY Myoxocephalus scorpius NECROSIS PATHOLOGY REPRODUCTION SEAWATER Sex Factors Stations TELANGIECTASIS ZINC ZINC 60 |
| title | Evaluation of the use of common sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) organ histology as bioindicator for element exposure in the fjord of the mining area Maarmorilik, West Greenland |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-07T18%3A02%3A44IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_osti_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Evaluation%20of%20the%20use%20of%20common%20sculpin%20(Myoxocephalus%20scorpius)%20organ%20histology%20as%20bioindicator%20for%20element%20exposure%20in%20the%20fjord%20of%20the%20mining%20area%20Maarmorilik,%20West%20Greenland&rft.jtitle=Environmental%20research&rft.au=Sonne,%20Christian&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft.volume=133&rft.spage=304&rft.epage=311&rft.pages=304-311&rft.issn=0013-9351&rft.eissn=1096-0953&rft.coden=ENVRAL&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.envres.2014.05.031&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_osti_%3E1627966671%3C/proquest_osti_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1627966671&rft_id=info:pmid/24991745&rft_els_id=S0013935114001923&rfr_iscdi=true |