Odorous gaseous emissions as influence by process condition for the forced aeration composting of pig slaughterhouse sludge
•The gaseous emissions produced by various composting process conditions were characterized and quantified.•Nine compounds were potentially odorous: TMA, NH3, 2-pentanone, 1-propanol-2-methyl, acetophenone and sulphur forms.•The tested composting process conditions reduced odour emissions by a facto...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Waste management (Elmsford) 2014-07, Vol.34 (7), p.1125-1138 |
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| creator | Blazy, V. de Guardia, A. Benoist, J.C Daumoin, M. Lemasle, M. Wolbert, D. Barrington, S. |
| description | •The gaseous emissions produced by various composting process conditions were characterized and quantified.•Nine compounds were potentially odorous: TMA, NH3, 2-pentanone, 1-propanol-2-methyl, acetophenone and sulphur forms.•The tested composting process conditions reduced odour emissions by a factor of 5–10.•A reduction of 105 to 106 is required to reach an odour threshold limit at peak event emissions.•Both aeration rate and bulking agent had the most impact on reducing odour emissions.
Compost sustainability requires a better control of its gaseous emissions responsible for several impacts including odours. Indeed, composting odours have stopped the operation of many platforms and prevented the installation of others. Accordingly, present technologies collecting and treating gases emitted from composting are not satisfactory and alternative solutions must be found. Thus, the aim of this paper was to study the influence of composting process conditions on gaseous emissions. Pig slaughterhouse sludge mixed with wood chips was composted under forcedaerationin 300L laboratory reactors. The process conditions studied were: aeration rate of 1.68, 4.03, 6.22, 9.80 and 13.44L/h/kg of wet sludge; incorporation ratio of 0.55, 0.83 and 1.1 (kg of wet wood chips/kg of wet sludge), and; bulking agent particles size of |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.03.012 |
| format | Article |
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Compost sustainability requires a better control of its gaseous emissions responsible for several impacts including odours. Indeed, composting odours have stopped the operation of many platforms and prevented the installation of others. Accordingly, present technologies collecting and treating gases emitted from composting are not satisfactory and alternative solutions must be found. Thus, the aim of this paper was to study the influence of composting process conditions on gaseous emissions. Pig slaughterhouse sludge mixed with wood chips was composted under forcedaerationin 300L laboratory reactors. The process conditions studied were: aeration rate of 1.68, 4.03, 6.22, 9.80 and 13.44L/h/kg of wet sludge; incorporation ratio of 0.55, 0.83 and 1.1 (kg of wet wood chips/kg of wet sludge), and; bulking agent particles size of <10, 10<20 and 20<30mm. Out-going gases were sampled every 2days and their composition was analysed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Fifty-nine compounds were identified and quantified. Dividing the cumulated mass production over 30days of composting, by odour threshold, 9 compounds were identified as main potential odour contributors: hydrogen sulphide, trimethylamine, ammonia, 2-pentanone, 1-propanol-2-methyl, dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide and acetophenone. Five gaseous compounds were correlated with both aeration rate and bulking agent to waste ratio: hydrogen sulphide, trimethylamine, ammonia, 2-pentanone and 1-propanol-2-methyl. However, dropping the aeration rate and increasing the bulking agent to waste ratio reduced gaseous odour emissions by a factor of 5–10, when the required threshold dilution factor ranged from 105 to 106, to avoid nuisance at peak emission rates. Process influence on emissions of dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide were poorly correlated with both aeration rate and bulking agent to waste ratio as a reaction with hydrogen sulphide was suspected. Acetophenone emissions originated from the wood chips. Olfactory measurements need to be correlated to gaseous emissions for a more accurate odour emission evaluation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0956-053X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2456</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2014.03.012</identifier><identifier>PMID: 24768513</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>ACETOPHENONE ; AERATION ; Air Pollutants - analysis ; AMMONIA ; Animals ; Applied sciences ; Chemical Sciences ; Chromatography, Gas ; COMPOSTING ; DILUTION ; Dimethyl ; DIMETHYL SULFIDE ; EMISSION ; Emission analysis ; Exact sciences and technology ; Forced aeration ; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY ; Gaseous emissions ; HYDROGEN SULFIDES ; INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ; MASS SPECTROSCOPY ; Odorants - analysis ; Odour ; Odours ; Organic chemistry ; ORGANIC MATTER ; Other wastes and particular components of wastes ; Particle Size ; Pig slaughter house sludge ; Pollution ; PROPANOLS ; Refuse Disposal ; Sewage - chemistry ; Sludge ; SLUDGES ; Soil - chemistry ; SULFUR ; Sus scrofa ; SWINE ; Waste Management ; Wastes ; Wood - analysis ; Wood chips</subject><ispartof>Waste management (Elmsford), 2014-07, Vol.34 (7), p.1125-1138</ispartof><rights>2014 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c520t-3b21d2700170598d18d6d334580df75b4e04653a41ebee0a05569b97084a7a033</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c520t-3b21d2700170598d18d6d334580df75b4e04653a41ebee0a05569b97084a7a033</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7399-657X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.03.012$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=28527685$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24768513$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://hal.science/hal-00987588$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/22443572$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Blazy, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Guardia, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benoist, J.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daumoin, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lemasle, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolbert, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barrington, S.</creatorcontrib><title>Odorous gaseous emissions as influence by process condition for the forced aeration composting of pig slaughterhouse sludge</title><title>Waste management (Elmsford)</title><addtitle>Waste Manag</addtitle><description>•The gaseous emissions produced by various composting process conditions were characterized and quantified.•Nine compounds were potentially odorous: TMA, NH3, 2-pentanone, 1-propanol-2-methyl, acetophenone and sulphur forms.•The tested composting process conditions reduced odour emissions by a factor of 5–10.•A reduction of 105 to 106 is required to reach an odour threshold limit at peak event emissions.•Both aeration rate and bulking agent had the most impact on reducing odour emissions.
Compost sustainability requires a better control of its gaseous emissions responsible for several impacts including odours. Indeed, composting odours have stopped the operation of many platforms and prevented the installation of others. Accordingly, present technologies collecting and treating gases emitted from composting are not satisfactory and alternative solutions must be found. Thus, the aim of this paper was to study the influence of composting process conditions on gaseous emissions. Pig slaughterhouse sludge mixed with wood chips was composted under forcedaerationin 300L laboratory reactors. The process conditions studied were: aeration rate of 1.68, 4.03, 6.22, 9.80 and 13.44L/h/kg of wet sludge; incorporation ratio of 0.55, 0.83 and 1.1 (kg of wet wood chips/kg of wet sludge), and; bulking agent particles size of <10, 10<20 and 20<30mm. Out-going gases were sampled every 2days and their composition was analysed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Fifty-nine compounds were identified and quantified. Dividing the cumulated mass production over 30days of composting, by odour threshold, 9 compounds were identified as main potential odour contributors: hydrogen sulphide, trimethylamine, ammonia, 2-pentanone, 1-propanol-2-methyl, dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide and acetophenone. Five gaseous compounds were correlated with both aeration rate and bulking agent to waste ratio: hydrogen sulphide, trimethylamine, ammonia, 2-pentanone and 1-propanol-2-methyl. However, dropping the aeration rate and increasing the bulking agent to waste ratio reduced gaseous odour emissions by a factor of 5–10, when the required threshold dilution factor ranged from 105 to 106, to avoid nuisance at peak emission rates. Process influence on emissions of dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide were poorly correlated with both aeration rate and bulking agent to waste ratio as a reaction with hydrogen sulphide was suspected. Acetophenone emissions originated from the wood chips. Olfactory measurements need to be correlated to gaseous emissions for a more accurate odour emission evaluation.</description><subject>ACETOPHENONE</subject><subject>AERATION</subject><subject>Air Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>AMMONIA</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>Chemical Sciences</subject><subject>Chromatography, Gas</subject><subject>COMPOSTING</subject><subject>DILUTION</subject><subject>Dimethyl</subject><subject>DIMETHYL SULFIDE</subject><subject>EMISSION</subject><subject>Emission analysis</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>Forced aeration</subject><subject>GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY</subject><subject>Gaseous emissions</subject><subject>HYDROGEN SULFIDES</subject><subject>INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY</subject><subject>MASS SPECTROSCOPY</subject><subject>Odorants - analysis</subject><subject>Odour</subject><subject>Odours</subject><subject>Organic chemistry</subject><subject>ORGANIC MATTER</subject><subject>Other wastes and particular components of wastes</subject><subject>Particle Size</subject><subject>Pig slaughter house sludge</subject><subject>Pollution</subject><subject>PROPANOLS</subject><subject>Refuse Disposal</subject><subject>Sewage - chemistry</subject><subject>Sludge</subject><subject>SLUDGES</subject><subject>Soil - chemistry</subject><subject>SULFUR</subject><subject>Sus scrofa</subject><subject>SWINE</subject><subject>Waste Management</subject><subject>Wastes</subject><subject>Wood - analysis</subject><subject>Wood chips</subject><issn>0956-053X</issn><issn>1879-2456</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2014</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk-LFDEQxRtR3HH1G4gERNDDjJV_3emLsCzqCgt7UfAW0kn1TIaezph0ryx-eRN7XG_qqUjxq9TLy6uq5xQ2FGj9dr_5btLBjBsGVGyAb4CyB9WKqqZdMyHrh9UKWlmvQfKvZ9WTlPaQQUXhcXXGRFMrSfmq-nHjQgxzIluTsFQ8-JR8GBMxifixH2YcLZLujhxjsJgSsWF0fsoI6UMk0w5LteiIwWh-9W04HEOa_LgloSdHvyVpMPN2N2Hc5R2Yj7Pb4tPqUW-GhM9O9bz68uH958ur9fXNx0-XF9drKxlMa94x6liT1TcgW-WocrXjXEgFrm9kJxBELbkRFDtEMCBl3XZtA0qYxgDn59XL5d6iSSfrJ7S7_IoR7aQZE4LLhmXqzULtzKCP0R9MvNPBeH11ca1LD6BVjVTqlmb29cJmT77NmCadXbM4DGYsJmpa1wBcUS7-A2VNW1NO-b9RyUVmZSMzKhbUxpBSxP5eMQVd4qH3eomHLvHQwHWORx57cdowdwd090O_85CBVyfAJGuGPprR-vSHU5IVMnPvFg7zv916jMXWEhTnY3HVBf93JT8Bc4HZJA</recordid><startdate>20140701</startdate><enddate>20140701</enddate><creator>Blazy, V.</creator><creator>de Guardia, A.</creator><creator>Benoist, J.C</creator><creator>Daumoin, M.</creator><creator>Lemasle, M.</creator><creator>Wolbert, D.</creator><creator>Barrington, S.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7399-657X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20140701</creationdate><title>Odorous gaseous emissions as influence by process condition for the forced aeration composting of pig slaughterhouse sludge</title><author>Blazy, V. ; de Guardia, A. ; Benoist, J.C ; Daumoin, M. ; Lemasle, M. ; Wolbert, D. ; Barrington, S.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c520t-3b21d2700170598d18d6d334580df75b4e04653a41ebee0a05569b97084a7a033</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2014</creationdate><topic>ACETOPHENONE</topic><topic>AERATION</topic><topic>Air Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>AMMONIA</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>Chemical Sciences</topic><topic>Chromatography, Gas</topic><topic>COMPOSTING</topic><topic>DILUTION</topic><topic>Dimethyl</topic><topic>DIMETHYL SULFIDE</topic><topic>EMISSION</topic><topic>Emission analysis</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>Forced aeration</topic><topic>GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY</topic><topic>Gaseous emissions</topic><topic>HYDROGEN SULFIDES</topic><topic>INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY</topic><topic>MASS SPECTROSCOPY</topic><topic>Odorants - analysis</topic><topic>Odour</topic><topic>Odours</topic><topic>Organic chemistry</topic><topic>ORGANIC MATTER</topic><topic>Other wastes and particular components of wastes</topic><topic>Particle Size</topic><topic>Pig slaughter house sludge</topic><topic>Pollution</topic><topic>PROPANOLS</topic><topic>Refuse Disposal</topic><topic>Sewage - chemistry</topic><topic>Sludge</topic><topic>SLUDGES</topic><topic>Soil - chemistry</topic><topic>SULFUR</topic><topic>Sus scrofa</topic><topic>SWINE</topic><topic>Waste Management</topic><topic>Wastes</topic><topic>Wood - analysis</topic><topic>Wood chips</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Blazy, V.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Guardia, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Benoist, J.C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Daumoin, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lemasle, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolbert, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barrington, S.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Waste management (Elmsford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Blazy, V.</au><au>de Guardia, A.</au><au>Benoist, J.C</au><au>Daumoin, M.</au><au>Lemasle, M.</au><au>Wolbert, D.</au><au>Barrington, S.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Odorous gaseous emissions as influence by process condition for the forced aeration composting of pig slaughterhouse sludge</atitle><jtitle>Waste management (Elmsford)</jtitle><addtitle>Waste Manag</addtitle><date>2014-07-01</date><risdate>2014</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1125</spage><epage>1138</epage><pages>1125-1138</pages><issn>0956-053X</issn><eissn>1879-2456</eissn><abstract>•The gaseous emissions produced by various composting process conditions were characterized and quantified.•Nine compounds were potentially odorous: TMA, NH3, 2-pentanone, 1-propanol-2-methyl, acetophenone and sulphur forms.•The tested composting process conditions reduced odour emissions by a factor of 5–10.•A reduction of 105 to 106 is required to reach an odour threshold limit at peak event emissions.•Both aeration rate and bulking agent had the most impact on reducing odour emissions.
Compost sustainability requires a better control of its gaseous emissions responsible for several impacts including odours. Indeed, composting odours have stopped the operation of many platforms and prevented the installation of others. Accordingly, present technologies collecting and treating gases emitted from composting are not satisfactory and alternative solutions must be found. Thus, the aim of this paper was to study the influence of composting process conditions on gaseous emissions. Pig slaughterhouse sludge mixed with wood chips was composted under forcedaerationin 300L laboratory reactors. The process conditions studied were: aeration rate of 1.68, 4.03, 6.22, 9.80 and 13.44L/h/kg of wet sludge; incorporation ratio of 0.55, 0.83 and 1.1 (kg of wet wood chips/kg of wet sludge), and; bulking agent particles size of <10, 10<20 and 20<30mm. Out-going gases were sampled every 2days and their composition was analysed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Fifty-nine compounds were identified and quantified. Dividing the cumulated mass production over 30days of composting, by odour threshold, 9 compounds were identified as main potential odour contributors: hydrogen sulphide, trimethylamine, ammonia, 2-pentanone, 1-propanol-2-methyl, dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide and acetophenone. Five gaseous compounds were correlated with both aeration rate and bulking agent to waste ratio: hydrogen sulphide, trimethylamine, ammonia, 2-pentanone and 1-propanol-2-methyl. However, dropping the aeration rate and increasing the bulking agent to waste ratio reduced gaseous odour emissions by a factor of 5–10, when the required threshold dilution factor ranged from 105 to 106, to avoid nuisance at peak emission rates. Process influence on emissions of dimethyl sulphide, dimethyl disulphide, dimethyl trisulphide were poorly correlated with both aeration rate and bulking agent to waste ratio as a reaction with hydrogen sulphide was suspected. Acetophenone emissions originated from the wood chips. Olfactory measurements need to be correlated to gaseous emissions for a more accurate odour emission evaluation.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>24768513</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.wasman.2014.03.012</doi><tpages>14</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7399-657X</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0956-053X |
| ispartof | Waste management (Elmsford), 2014-07, Vol.34 (7), p.1125-1138 |
| issn | 0956-053X 1879-2456 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_osti_scitechconnect_22443572 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | ACETOPHENONE AERATION Air Pollutants - analysis AMMONIA Animals Applied sciences Chemical Sciences Chromatography, Gas COMPOSTING DILUTION Dimethyl DIMETHYL SULFIDE EMISSION Emission analysis Exact sciences and technology Forced aeration GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Gaseous emissions HYDROGEN SULFIDES INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY MASS SPECTROSCOPY Odorants - analysis Odour Odours Organic chemistry ORGANIC MATTER Other wastes and particular components of wastes Particle Size Pig slaughter house sludge Pollution PROPANOLS Refuse Disposal Sewage - chemistry Sludge SLUDGES Soil - chemistry SULFUR Sus scrofa SWINE Waste Management Wastes Wood - analysis Wood chips |
| title | Odorous gaseous emissions as influence by process condition for the forced aeration composting of pig slaughterhouse sludge |
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