Obtaining strong ferromagnetism in diluted Gd-doped ZnO thin films through controlled Gd-defect complexes
We demonstrate the fabrication of reproducible long-range ferromagnetism (FM) in highly crystalline GdxZn1−xO thin films by controlling the defects. Films are grown on lattice-matched substrates by pulsed laser deposition at low oxygen pressures (≤25 mTorr) and low Gd concentrations (x ≤ 0.009). The...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied physics 2015-02, Vol.117 (7) |
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| container_title | Journal of applied physics |
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| creator | Roqan, I. S. Venkatesh, S. Zhang, Z. Hussain, S. Bantounas, I. Franklin, J. B. Flemban, T. H. Zou, B. Lee, J.-S. Schwingenschlogl, U. Petrov, P. K. Ryan, M. P. Alford, N. M. |
| description | We demonstrate the fabrication of reproducible long-range ferromagnetism (FM) in highly crystalline GdxZn1−xO thin films by controlling the defects. Films are grown on lattice-matched substrates by pulsed laser deposition at low oxygen pressures (≤25 mTorr) and low Gd concentrations (x ≤ 0.009). These films feature strong FM (10 μB per Gd atom) at room temperature. While films deposited at higher oxygen pressure do not exhibit FM, FM is recovered by post-annealing these films under vacuum. These findings reveal the contribution of oxygen deficiency defects to the long-range FM. We demonstrate the possible FM mechanisms, which are confirmed by density functional theory study, and show that Gd dopants are essential for establishing FM that is induced by intrinsic defects in these films. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1063/1.4908288 |
| format | Article |
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S. ; Venkatesh, S. ; Zhang, Z. ; Hussain, S. ; Bantounas, I. ; Franklin, J. B. ; Flemban, T. H. ; Zou, B. ; Lee, J.-S. ; Schwingenschlogl, U. ; Petrov, P. K. ; Ryan, M. P. ; Alford, N. M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Roqan, I. S. ; Venkatesh, S. ; Zhang, Z. ; Hussain, S. ; Bantounas, I. ; Franklin, J. B. ; Flemban, T. H. ; Zou, B. ; Lee, J.-S. ; Schwingenschlogl, U. ; Petrov, P. K. ; Ryan, M. P. ; Alford, N. M.</creatorcontrib><description>We demonstrate the fabrication of reproducible long-range ferromagnetism (FM) in highly crystalline GdxZn1−xO thin films by controlling the defects. Films are grown on lattice-matched substrates by pulsed laser deposition at low oxygen pressures (≤25 mTorr) and low Gd concentrations (x ≤ 0.009). These films feature strong FM (10 μB per Gd atom) at room temperature. While films deposited at higher oxygen pressure do not exhibit FM, FM is recovered by post-annealing these films under vacuum. These findings reveal the contribution of oxygen deficiency defects to the long-range FM. We demonstrate the possible FM mechanisms, which are confirmed by density functional theory study, and show that Gd dopants are essential for establishing FM that is induced by intrinsic defects in these films.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8979</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1089-7550</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1063/1.4908288</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Melville: American Institute of Physics</publisher><subject>ANNEALING ; Applied physics ; CADMIUM COMPOUNDS ; CONCENTRATION RATIO ; CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY ; Crystal defects ; Defects ; DENSITY FUNCTIONAL METHOD ; Density functional theory ; DOPED MATERIALS ; ENERGY BEAM DEPOSITION ; FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS ; FERROMAGNETISM ; Gadolinium ; LASER RADIATION ; Lattice matching ; OXYGEN ; PULSED IRRADIATION ; Pulsed laser deposition ; Pulsed lasers ; SUBSTRATES ; TEMPERATURE RANGE 0273-0400 K ; THIN FILMS ; Zinc oxide ; ZINC OXIDES</subject><ispartof>Journal of applied physics, 2015-02, Vol.117 (7)</ispartof><rights>2015 AIP Publishing LLC.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c320t-3360312e35d602c91812ce8c6aea3cd5b8830cdc2c696e7dceddb75db363d3513</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c320t-3360312e35d602c91812ce8c6aea3cd5b8830cdc2c696e7dceddb75db363d3513</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-2661-5092</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/22413130$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Roqan, I. S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Venkatesh, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Z.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hussain, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bantounas, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franklin, J. B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flemban, T. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zou, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, J.-S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwingenschlogl, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrov, P. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryan, M. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alford, N. M.</creatorcontrib><title>Obtaining strong ferromagnetism in diluted Gd-doped ZnO thin films through controlled Gd-defect complexes</title><title>Journal of applied physics</title><description>We demonstrate the fabrication of reproducible long-range ferromagnetism (FM) in highly crystalline GdxZn1−xO thin films by controlling the defects. Films are grown on lattice-matched substrates by pulsed laser deposition at low oxygen pressures (≤25 mTorr) and low Gd concentrations (x ≤ 0.009). These films feature strong FM (10 μB per Gd atom) at room temperature. While films deposited at higher oxygen pressure do not exhibit FM, FM is recovered by post-annealing these films under vacuum. These findings reveal the contribution of oxygen deficiency defects to the long-range FM. We demonstrate the possible FM mechanisms, which are confirmed by density functional theory study, and show that Gd dopants are essential for establishing FM that is induced by intrinsic defects in these films.</description><subject>ANNEALING</subject><subject>Applied physics</subject><subject>CADMIUM COMPOUNDS</subject><subject>CONCENTRATION RATIO</subject><subject>CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY</subject><subject>Crystal defects</subject><subject>Defects</subject><subject>DENSITY FUNCTIONAL METHOD</subject><subject>Density functional theory</subject><subject>DOPED MATERIALS</subject><subject>ENERGY BEAM DEPOSITION</subject><subject>FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS</subject><subject>FERROMAGNETISM</subject><subject>Gadolinium</subject><subject>LASER RADIATION</subject><subject>Lattice matching</subject><subject>OXYGEN</subject><subject>PULSED IRRADIATION</subject><subject>Pulsed laser deposition</subject><subject>Pulsed lasers</subject><subject>SUBSTRATES</subject><subject>TEMPERATURE RANGE 0273-0400 K</subject><subject>THIN FILMS</subject><subject>Zinc oxide</subject><subject>ZINC OXIDES</subject><issn>0021-8979</issn><issn>1089-7550</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpFkM1qwzAQhEVpoWnaQ9_A0FMPTrXa2JaPJfQPArm0l16ELa0TBdtKJRnat69KAj3NsDsMw8fYLfAF8BIfYLGsuRRSnrEZcFnnVVHwczbjXEAu66q-ZFch7DkHkFjPmN20sbGjHbdZiN4l6ch7NzTbkaINQ2bHzNh-imSyF5Mbd0jmc9xkcZc-ne2HkKx303aXaTemir4_RakjHdNxOPT0TeGaXXRNH-jmpHP28fz0vnrN15uXt9XjOtcoeMwRS44gCAtTcqFrkCA0SV021KA2RSslcm200GVdUmU0GdNWhWmxRIMF4JzdHXtdiFYFbSPpXZo2pjVKiCUgIP9PHbz7mihEtXeTH9MwJUAkhsBT4ZzdH1PauxA8derg7dD4HwVc_fFWoE688RegEnJb</recordid><startdate>20150221</startdate><enddate>20150221</enddate><creator>Roqan, I. S.</creator><creator>Venkatesh, S.</creator><creator>Zhang, Z.</creator><creator>Hussain, S.</creator><creator>Bantounas, I.</creator><creator>Franklin, J. B.</creator><creator>Flemban, T. H.</creator><creator>Zou, B.</creator><creator>Lee, J.-S.</creator><creator>Schwingenschlogl, U.</creator><creator>Petrov, P. K.</creator><creator>Ryan, M. P.</creator><creator>Alford, N. M.</creator><general>American Institute of Physics</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-5092</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20150221</creationdate><title>Obtaining strong ferromagnetism in diluted Gd-doped ZnO thin films through controlled Gd-defect complexes</title><author>Roqan, I. S. ; Venkatesh, S. ; Zhang, Z. ; Hussain, S. ; Bantounas, I. ; Franklin, J. B. ; Flemban, T. H. ; Zou, B. ; Lee, J.-S. ; Schwingenschlogl, U. ; Petrov, P. K. ; Ryan, M. P. ; Alford, N. 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S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Venkatesh, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Z.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hussain, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bantounas, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franklin, J. B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flemban, T. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zou, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, J.-S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwingenschlogl, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Petrov, P. K.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ryan, M. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alford, N. M.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Journal of applied physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Roqan, I. S.</au><au>Venkatesh, S.</au><au>Zhang, Z.</au><au>Hussain, S.</au><au>Bantounas, I.</au><au>Franklin, J. B.</au><au>Flemban, T. H.</au><au>Zou, B.</au><au>Lee, J.-S.</au><au>Schwingenschlogl, U.</au><au>Petrov, P. K.</au><au>Ryan, M. P.</au><au>Alford, N. M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Obtaining strong ferromagnetism in diluted Gd-doped ZnO thin films through controlled Gd-defect complexes</atitle><jtitle>Journal of applied physics</jtitle><date>2015-02-21</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>117</volume><issue>7</issue><issn>0021-8979</issn><eissn>1089-7550</eissn><abstract>We demonstrate the fabrication of reproducible long-range ferromagnetism (FM) in highly crystalline GdxZn1−xO thin films by controlling the defects. Films are grown on lattice-matched substrates by pulsed laser deposition at low oxygen pressures (≤25 mTorr) and low Gd concentrations (x ≤ 0.009). These films feature strong FM (10 μB per Gd atom) at room temperature. While films deposited at higher oxygen pressure do not exhibit FM, FM is recovered by post-annealing these films under vacuum. These findings reveal the contribution of oxygen deficiency defects to the long-range FM. We demonstrate the possible FM mechanisms, which are confirmed by density functional theory study, and show that Gd dopants are essential for establishing FM that is induced by intrinsic defects in these films.</abstract><cop>Melville</cop><pub>American Institute of Physics</pub><doi>10.1063/1.4908288</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-5092</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | ANNEALING Applied physics CADMIUM COMPOUNDS CONCENTRATION RATIO CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY Crystal defects Defects DENSITY FUNCTIONAL METHOD Density functional theory DOPED MATERIALS ENERGY BEAM DEPOSITION FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS FERROMAGNETISM Gadolinium LASER RADIATION Lattice matching OXYGEN PULSED IRRADIATION Pulsed laser deposition Pulsed lasers SUBSTRATES TEMPERATURE RANGE 0273-0400 K THIN FILMS Zinc oxide ZINC OXIDES |
| title | Obtaining strong ferromagnetism in diluted Gd-doped ZnO thin films through controlled Gd-defect complexes |
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