Ghrelin modulates testicular germ cells apoptosis and proliferation in adult normal rats
► Spermatogenesis is closely associated with the balance between germ cells proliferation and apoptosis. ► Numerous studies have documented the direct action of ghrelin in the modulation of apoptosis in different cell types. ► Ghrelin may be considered as a modulator of spermatogenesis in normal adu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biochemical and biophysical research communications 2012-03, Vol.419 (2), p.299-304 |
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| description | ► Spermatogenesis is closely associated with the balance between germ cells proliferation and apoptosis. ► Numerous studies have documented the direct action of ghrelin in the modulation of apoptosis in different cell types. ► Ghrelin may be considered as a modulator of spermatogenesis in normal adult rats. ► Ghrelin may be potentially implicated for abnormal spermatogenesis in some testicular germ cell tumors.
Under normal condition in the most mammals, spermatogenesis is closely associated with the balance between germ cells proliferation and apoptosis. The present study was designed to determine the effects of ghrelin treatment on in vivo quality and quantity expression of apoptosis and proliferation specific indices in rat testicular germ cells. Twenty eight adult normal rats were subdivided into equal control and treatment groups. Treatment group received 3nmol of ghrelin as subcutaneous injection for 30 consecutive days or vehicle to the control animals. The rats from each group (n=7) were killed on days 10 and 30 and their testes were taken for immunocytochemical evaluation and caspase-3 assay. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the accumulations of Bax and PCNA peptides are generally more prominent in spermatocytes and spermatogonia of both groups. Likewise, the mean percentage of immunoreactive spermatocytes against Bax increased (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.014 |
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Under normal condition in the most mammals, spermatogenesis is closely associated with the balance between germ cells proliferation and apoptosis. The present study was designed to determine the effects of ghrelin treatment on in vivo quality and quantity expression of apoptosis and proliferation specific indices in rat testicular germ cells. Twenty eight adult normal rats were subdivided into equal control and treatment groups. Treatment group received 3nmol of ghrelin as subcutaneous injection for 30 consecutive days or vehicle to the control animals. The rats from each group (n=7) were killed on days 10 and 30 and their testes were taken for immunocytochemical evaluation and caspase-3 assay. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the accumulations of Bax and PCNA peptides are generally more prominent in spermatocytes and spermatogonia of both groups. Likewise, the mean percentage of immunoreactive spermatocytes against Bax increased (P<0.01) in the ghrelin-treated group on day 10, while despite of 30% increment in the Bax level of spermatocytes in the treated rats on day 30, however, it was not statistically significant. During the experimental period, only a few spermatogonia represented Bax expression and the changes of Bax immunolabling cells were negligible upon ghrelin treatment. Likewise, there were immunostaining cells against Bcl-2 in each germ cell neither in the control nor in the treated animals. In fact, ghrelin balanced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio toward at increase of Bax level in the spermatocytes and therefore may stimulate apoptosis in these germ cells. In contrast, ghrelin administration significantly suppressed proliferation-associated peptide PCNA in the spermatocytes as well as spermatogonia (P<0.05). Whereas, caspase-3 activity did not show any marked alteration during the experiment in both groups (P>0.05). Upstream of Bax substance parallel to down-regulation of PCNA demonstrate that ghrelin may prevent massive accumulation of germ cells during normal spermatogenesis. These observations also indicate that ghrelin may be considered as a modulator of spermatogenesis in normal adult rats and could be potentially implicated for abnormal spermatogenesis in some testicular germ cell tumors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0006-291X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1090-2104</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.014</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22360851</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES ; Animals ; APOPTOSIS ; Apoptosis - drug effects ; Bax ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein - metabolism ; CELL PROLIFERATION ; Cell Proliferation - drug effects ; Ghrelin ; Ghrelin - pharmacology ; Male ; NEOPLASMS ; PCNA ; PEPTIDES ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism ; Rat ; RATS ; Rats, Wistar ; SPERMATOCYTES ; SPERMATOGENESIS ; Spermatogenesis - drug effects ; SPERMATOGONIA ; Spermatozoa - drug effects ; Spermatozoa - physiology ; TESTES ; Testis - cytology ; Testis - drug effects</subject><ispartof>Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 2012-03, Vol.419 (2), p.299-304</ispartof><rights>2012 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c383t-3adc220655ba513d037a3d6216f9a75e8fc3a8b2f80168b286220133c00d0a4a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c383t-3adc220655ba513d037a3d6216f9a75e8fc3a8b2f80168b286220133c00d0a4a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X1200232X$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,3536,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22360851$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/22207744$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kheradmand, Arash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dezfoulian, Omid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alirezaei, Masoud</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rasoulian, Bahram</creatorcontrib><title>Ghrelin modulates testicular germ cells apoptosis and proliferation in adult normal rats</title><title>Biochemical and biophysical research communications</title><addtitle>Biochem Biophys Res Commun</addtitle><description>► Spermatogenesis is closely associated with the balance between germ cells proliferation and apoptosis. ► Numerous studies have documented the direct action of ghrelin in the modulation of apoptosis in different cell types. ► Ghrelin may be considered as a modulator of spermatogenesis in normal adult rats. ► Ghrelin may be potentially implicated for abnormal spermatogenesis in some testicular germ cell tumors.
Under normal condition in the most mammals, spermatogenesis is closely associated with the balance between germ cells proliferation and apoptosis. The present study was designed to determine the effects of ghrelin treatment on in vivo quality and quantity expression of apoptosis and proliferation specific indices in rat testicular germ cells. Twenty eight adult normal rats were subdivided into equal control and treatment groups. Treatment group received 3nmol of ghrelin as subcutaneous injection for 30 consecutive days or vehicle to the control animals. The rats from each group (n=7) were killed on days 10 and 30 and their testes were taken for immunocytochemical evaluation and caspase-3 assay. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the accumulations of Bax and PCNA peptides are generally more prominent in spermatocytes and spermatogonia of both groups. Likewise, the mean percentage of immunoreactive spermatocytes against Bax increased (P<0.01) in the ghrelin-treated group on day 10, while despite of 30% increment in the Bax level of spermatocytes in the treated rats on day 30, however, it was not statistically significant. During the experimental period, only a few spermatogonia represented Bax expression and the changes of Bax immunolabling cells were negligible upon ghrelin treatment. Likewise, there were immunostaining cells against Bcl-2 in each germ cell neither in the control nor in the treated animals. In fact, ghrelin balanced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio toward at increase of Bax level in the spermatocytes and therefore may stimulate apoptosis in these germ cells. In contrast, ghrelin administration significantly suppressed proliferation-associated peptide PCNA in the spermatocytes as well as spermatogonia (P<0.05). Whereas, caspase-3 activity did not show any marked alteration during the experiment in both groups (P>0.05). Upstream of Bax substance parallel to down-regulation of PCNA demonstrate that ghrelin may prevent massive accumulation of germ cells during normal spermatogenesis. These observations also indicate that ghrelin may be considered as a modulator of spermatogenesis in normal adult rats and could be potentially implicated for abnormal spermatogenesis in some testicular germ cell tumors.</description><subject>60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>APOPTOSIS</subject><subject>Apoptosis - drug effects</subject><subject>Bax</subject><subject>bcl-2-Associated X Protein - metabolism</subject><subject>CELL PROLIFERATION</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation - drug effects</subject><subject>Ghrelin</subject><subject>Ghrelin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>NEOPLASMS</subject><subject>PCNA</subject><subject>PEPTIDES</subject><subject>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism</subject><subject>Rat</subject><subject>RATS</subject><subject>Rats, Wistar</subject><subject>SPERMATOCYTES</subject><subject>SPERMATOGENESIS</subject><subject>Spermatogenesis - drug effects</subject><subject>SPERMATOGONIA</subject><subject>Spermatozoa - drug effects</subject><subject>Spermatozoa - physiology</subject><subject>TESTES</subject><subject>Testis - cytology</subject><subject>Testis - drug effects</subject><issn>0006-291X</issn><issn>1090-2104</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kEFr3DAQhUVoSDbb_oEegiCHnryZkWzZhl5KaJNCoJcE9iZkSW602NZG8gby7zNm0xwLI0YS3zzePMa-ImwQUF3vNl2X7EYAig1QYXnCVggtFAKh_MRWAKAK0eL2nF3kvANALFV7xs6FkAqaCldse_uU_BAmPkZ3GMzsM6czB0uPxP_6NHLrhyFzs4_7OeZAt8nxfYpD6H0yc4gTp3FD0zOfYhrNwOk7f2anvRmy__Le1-zx18-Hm7vi_s_t75sf94WVjZwLaZwVAlRVdaZC6UDWRjolUPWtqSvf9FaaphN9QxtTbxTRKKUFcGBKI9fs6qgbybXONszePtk4Td7OWhBc12VJ1LcjRcafD7SgHkNeFjOTj4esW1E3skQliBRH0qaYc_K93qcwmvSqEfQSu97pJXa9xK6BChf5y3f5Qzd69zHyL2cCvh8BT1G8BJ8Wp36y3oW0GHUx_E__DTaqkyE</recordid><startdate>20120309</startdate><enddate>20120309</enddate><creator>Kheradmand, Arash</creator><creator>Dezfoulian, Omid</creator><creator>Alirezaei, Masoud</creator><creator>Rasoulian, Bahram</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20120309</creationdate><title>Ghrelin modulates testicular germ cells apoptosis and proliferation in adult normal rats</title><author>Kheradmand, Arash ; Dezfoulian, Omid ; Alirezaei, Masoud ; Rasoulian, Bahram</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c383t-3adc220655ba513d037a3d6216f9a75e8fc3a8b2f80168b286220133c00d0a4a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>APOPTOSIS</topic><topic>Apoptosis - drug effects</topic><topic>Bax</topic><topic>bcl-2-Associated X Protein - metabolism</topic><topic>CELL PROLIFERATION</topic><topic>Cell Proliferation - drug effects</topic><topic>Ghrelin</topic><topic>Ghrelin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>NEOPLASMS</topic><topic>PCNA</topic><topic>PEPTIDES</topic><topic>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism</topic><topic>Rat</topic><topic>RATS</topic><topic>Rats, Wistar</topic><topic>SPERMATOCYTES</topic><topic>SPERMATOGENESIS</topic><topic>Spermatogenesis - drug effects</topic><topic>SPERMATOGONIA</topic><topic>Spermatozoa - drug effects</topic><topic>Spermatozoa - physiology</topic><topic>TESTES</topic><topic>Testis - cytology</topic><topic>Testis - drug effects</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kheradmand, Arash</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dezfoulian, Omid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alirezaei, Masoud</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rasoulian, Bahram</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Biochemical and biophysical research communications</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kheradmand, Arash</au><au>Dezfoulian, Omid</au><au>Alirezaei, Masoud</au><au>Rasoulian, Bahram</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ghrelin modulates testicular germ cells apoptosis and proliferation in adult normal rats</atitle><jtitle>Biochemical and biophysical research communications</jtitle><addtitle>Biochem Biophys Res Commun</addtitle><date>2012-03-09</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>419</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>299</spage><epage>304</epage><pages>299-304</pages><issn>0006-291X</issn><eissn>1090-2104</eissn><abstract>► Spermatogenesis is closely associated with the balance between germ cells proliferation and apoptosis. ► Numerous studies have documented the direct action of ghrelin in the modulation of apoptosis in different cell types. ► Ghrelin may be considered as a modulator of spermatogenesis in normal adult rats. ► Ghrelin may be potentially implicated for abnormal spermatogenesis in some testicular germ cell tumors.
Under normal condition in the most mammals, spermatogenesis is closely associated with the balance between germ cells proliferation and apoptosis. The present study was designed to determine the effects of ghrelin treatment on in vivo quality and quantity expression of apoptosis and proliferation specific indices in rat testicular germ cells. Twenty eight adult normal rats were subdivided into equal control and treatment groups. Treatment group received 3nmol of ghrelin as subcutaneous injection for 30 consecutive days or vehicle to the control animals. The rats from each group (n=7) were killed on days 10 and 30 and their testes were taken for immunocytochemical evaluation and caspase-3 assay. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the accumulations of Bax and PCNA peptides are generally more prominent in spermatocytes and spermatogonia of both groups. Likewise, the mean percentage of immunoreactive spermatocytes against Bax increased (P<0.01) in the ghrelin-treated group on day 10, while despite of 30% increment in the Bax level of spermatocytes in the treated rats on day 30, however, it was not statistically significant. During the experimental period, only a few spermatogonia represented Bax expression and the changes of Bax immunolabling cells were negligible upon ghrelin treatment. Likewise, there were immunostaining cells against Bcl-2 in each germ cell neither in the control nor in the treated animals. In fact, ghrelin balanced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio toward at increase of Bax level in the spermatocytes and therefore may stimulate apoptosis in these germ cells. In contrast, ghrelin administration significantly suppressed proliferation-associated peptide PCNA in the spermatocytes as well as spermatogonia (P<0.05). Whereas, caspase-3 activity did not show any marked alteration during the experiment in both groups (P>0.05). Upstream of Bax substance parallel to down-regulation of PCNA demonstrate that ghrelin may prevent massive accumulation of germ cells during normal spermatogenesis. These observations also indicate that ghrelin may be considered as a modulator of spermatogenesis in normal adult rats and could be potentially implicated for abnormal spermatogenesis in some testicular germ cell tumors.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>22360851</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.02.014</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES Animals APOPTOSIS Apoptosis - drug effects Bax bcl-2-Associated X Protein - metabolism CELL PROLIFERATION Cell Proliferation - drug effects Ghrelin Ghrelin - pharmacology Male NEOPLASMS PCNA PEPTIDES Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - metabolism Rat RATS Rats, Wistar SPERMATOCYTES SPERMATOGENESIS Spermatogenesis - drug effects SPERMATOGONIA Spermatozoa - drug effects Spermatozoa - physiology TESTES Testis - cytology Testis - drug effects |
| title | Ghrelin modulates testicular germ cells apoptosis and proliferation in adult normal rats |
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