Biocrude oils from the fast pyrolysis of poultry litter and hardwood
The safe and economical disposal of poultry litter is becoming a major problem for the USA poultry industry. Current disposal methods such as land application and feeding to cattle are now under pressure because of pollution of water resources due to leaching, runoffs and concern for mad cow disease...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Waste management (Elmsford) 2010-02, Vol.30 (2), p.298-307 |
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| creator | Agblevor, F.A. Beis, S. Kim, S.S. Tarrant, R. Mante, N.O. |
| description | The safe and economical disposal of poultry litter is becoming a major problem for the USA poultry industry. Current disposal methods such as land application and feeding to cattle are now under pressure because of pollution of water resources due to leaching, runoffs and concern for mad cow disease contamination of the food chain. Incineration or combustion is potentially applicable to large scale operations, but for small scale growers and EPA non-attainment areas, this is not a suitable option because of the high cost of operation. Thus, there is a need for developing appropriate technologies to dispose poultry litter.
Poultry litters from broiler chicken and turkey houses, as well as bedding material were converted into biocrude oil in a fast pyrolysis fluidized bed reactor. The biocrude oil yields were relatively low ranging from 36
wt% to 50
wt% depending on the age and bedding material content of the litter. The bedding material (which was mostly hardwood shavings) biocrude oil yield was 63
wt%. The higher heating value (HHV) of the poultry litter biocrude oils ranged from 26
MJ/kg to 29
MJ/kg while that of the bedding material was 24
MJ/kg. The oils had relatively high nitrogen content ranging from 4
wt% to 8
wt%, very low sulfur ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.09.042 |
| format | Article |
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Poultry litters from broiler chicken and turkey houses, as well as bedding material were converted into biocrude oil in a fast pyrolysis fluidized bed reactor. The biocrude oil yields were relatively low ranging from 36
wt% to 50
wt% depending on the age and bedding material content of the litter. The bedding material (which was mostly hardwood shavings) biocrude oil yield was 63
wt%. The higher heating value (HHV) of the poultry litter biocrude oils ranged from 26
MJ/kg to 29
MJ/kg while that of the bedding material was 24
MJ/kg. The oils had relatively high nitrogen content ranging from 4
wt% to 8
wt%, very low sulfur (<1
wt%) content and high viscosity. The viscosities of the oils appeared to be a function of both the source of litter and the pyrolysis temperature. The biochar yield ranged from 27
wt% to 40
wt% depending on the source, age and composition of the poultry litter. The biochar ash content ranged from 24
wt% to 54
wt% and was very rich in inorganic components such as potassium and phosphorous.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0956-053X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-2456</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.09.042</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19880302</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>ALKALI METALS ; ANIMALS ; APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY ; ASH CONTENT ; BIOFUELS ; Bioreactors ; BIRDS ; CATTLE ; CHEMICAL REACTIONS ; COMBUSTION ; CONTAMINATION ; COST ; DECOMPOSITION ; DISSOLUTION ; DOMESTIC ANIMALS ; ELEMENTS ; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ; ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT ; Fertilizers ; FLUIDIZED BED REACTORS ; FOOD CHAINS ; FOOD INDUSTRY ; FOWL ; FUEL DISPERSION REACTORS ; FUELS ; Gases - analysis ; GROUND DISPOSAL ; HOMOGENEOUS REACTORS ; INDUSTRY ; LEACHING ; MAMMALS ; MANAGEMENT ; Manure ; MASS TRANSFER ; METALS ; NITROGEN ; NONMETALS ; OIL YIELDS ; OXIDATION ; POLLUTION ; POTASSIUM ; Poultry ; PYROLYSIS ; REACTORS ; RESOURCES ; RUMINANTS ; RUNOFF ; SEPARATION PROCESSES ; SULFUR ; THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES ; VERTEBRATES ; VISCOSITY ; WASTE DISPOSAL ; WASTE MANAGEMENT ; WATER POLLUTION ; WATER RESOURCES ; Wood ; YIELDS</subject><ispartof>Waste management (Elmsford), 2010-02, Vol.30 (2), p.298-307</ispartof><rights>2009 Elsevier Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-c90e947216e009f587671f823d8b86a2fcc518bfcb47be9af8802ada802f90cb3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-c90e947216e009f587671f823d8b86a2fcc518bfcb47be9af8802ada802f90cb3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2009.09.042$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3549,27923,27924,45994</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19880302$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/21357641$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Agblevor, F.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beis, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, S.S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tarrant, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mante, N.O.</creatorcontrib><title>Biocrude oils from the fast pyrolysis of poultry litter and hardwood</title><title>Waste management (Elmsford)</title><addtitle>Waste Manag</addtitle><description>The safe and economical disposal of poultry litter is becoming a major problem for the USA poultry industry. Current disposal methods such as land application and feeding to cattle are now under pressure because of pollution of water resources due to leaching, runoffs and concern for mad cow disease contamination of the food chain. Incineration or combustion is potentially applicable to large scale operations, but for small scale growers and EPA non-attainment areas, this is not a suitable option because of the high cost of operation. Thus, there is a need for developing appropriate technologies to dispose poultry litter.
Poultry litters from broiler chicken and turkey houses, as well as bedding material were converted into biocrude oil in a fast pyrolysis fluidized bed reactor. The biocrude oil yields were relatively low ranging from 36
wt% to 50
wt% depending on the age and bedding material content of the litter. The bedding material (which was mostly hardwood shavings) biocrude oil yield was 63
wt%. The higher heating value (HHV) of the poultry litter biocrude oils ranged from 26
MJ/kg to 29
MJ/kg while that of the bedding material was 24
MJ/kg. The oils had relatively high nitrogen content ranging from 4
wt% to 8
wt%, very low sulfur (<1
wt%) content and high viscosity. The viscosities of the oils appeared to be a function of both the source of litter and the pyrolysis temperature. The biochar yield ranged from 27
wt% to 40
wt% depending on the source, age and composition of the poultry litter. The biochar ash content ranged from 24
wt% to 54
wt% and was very rich in inorganic components such as potassium and phosphorous.</description><subject>ALKALI METALS</subject><subject>ANIMALS</subject><subject>APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY</subject><subject>ASH CONTENT</subject><subject>BIOFUELS</subject><subject>Bioreactors</subject><subject>BIRDS</subject><subject>CATTLE</subject><subject>CHEMICAL REACTIONS</subject><subject>COMBUSTION</subject><subject>CONTAMINATION</subject><subject>COST</subject><subject>DECOMPOSITION</subject><subject>DISSOLUTION</subject><subject>DOMESTIC ANIMALS</subject><subject>ELEMENTS</subject><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</subject><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT</subject><subject>Fertilizers</subject><subject>FLUIDIZED BED REACTORS</subject><subject>FOOD CHAINS</subject><subject>FOOD INDUSTRY</subject><subject>FOWL</subject><subject>FUEL DISPERSION REACTORS</subject><subject>FUELS</subject><subject>Gases - analysis</subject><subject>GROUND DISPOSAL</subject><subject>HOMOGENEOUS REACTORS</subject><subject>INDUSTRY</subject><subject>LEACHING</subject><subject>MAMMALS</subject><subject>MANAGEMENT</subject><subject>Manure</subject><subject>MASS TRANSFER</subject><subject>METALS</subject><subject>NITROGEN</subject><subject>NONMETALS</subject><subject>OIL YIELDS</subject><subject>OXIDATION</subject><subject>POLLUTION</subject><subject>POTASSIUM</subject><subject>Poultry</subject><subject>PYROLYSIS</subject><subject>REACTORS</subject><subject>RESOURCES</subject><subject>RUMINANTS</subject><subject>RUNOFF</subject><subject>SEPARATION PROCESSES</subject><subject>SULFUR</subject><subject>THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES</subject><subject>VERTEBRATES</subject><subject>VISCOSITY</subject><subject>WASTE DISPOSAL</subject><subject>WASTE MANAGEMENT</subject><subject>WATER POLLUTION</subject><subject>WATER RESOURCES</subject><subject>Wood</subject><subject>YIELDS</subject><issn>0956-053X</issn><issn>1879-2456</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1r3DAQhkVJ6W7S_oNSBDnk5K0ky7Z0KSTb5gMWekmgNyFLI1aLbW0luWH_fW28kFtgmLk8M_PyIPSVkg0ltP5-2Lzq1OthwwiRm7k4-4DWVDSyYLyqL9CayKouSFX-WaHLlA6EUC4o-YRWVApBSsLW6OedDyaOFnDwXcIuhh7nPWCnU8bHUwzdKfmEg8PHMHY5nnDnc4aI9WDxXkf7GoL9jD463SX4cp5X6OX-1_P2sdj9fnja3u4KUwqZCyMJSN4wWsMU2VWiqRvqBCutaEWtmTOmoqJ1puVNC1K7KSTTVk_dSWLa8gpdL3dDyl4l4zOYvQnDACYrRsuqqTmdqJuFOsbwd4SUVe-Tga7TA4QxqabktCkJqSeSL6SJIaUITh2j73U8KUrULFkd1CJZzZLVXJxNa9_OD8a2B_u2dLY6AT8WACYZ_zzEOSsMBqyPc1Qb_Psf_gOgiI8_</recordid><startdate>20100201</startdate><enddate>20100201</enddate><creator>Agblevor, F.A.</creator><creator>Beis, S.</creator><creator>Kim, S.S.</creator><creator>Tarrant, R.</creator><creator>Mante, N.O.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100201</creationdate><title>Biocrude oils from the fast pyrolysis of poultry litter and hardwood</title><author>Agblevor, F.A. ; Beis, S. ; Kim, S.S. ; Tarrant, R. ; Mante, N.O.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c389t-c90e947216e009f587671f823d8b86a2fcc518bfcb47be9af8802ada802f90cb3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>ALKALI METALS</topic><topic>ANIMALS</topic><topic>APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY</topic><topic>ASH CONTENT</topic><topic>BIOFUELS</topic><topic>Bioreactors</topic><topic>BIRDS</topic><topic>CATTLE</topic><topic>CHEMICAL REACTIONS</topic><topic>COMBUSTION</topic><topic>CONTAMINATION</topic><topic>COST</topic><topic>DECOMPOSITION</topic><topic>DISSOLUTION</topic><topic>DOMESTIC ANIMALS</topic><topic>ELEMENTS</topic><topic>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</topic><topic>ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT</topic><topic>Fertilizers</topic><topic>FLUIDIZED BED REACTORS</topic><topic>FOOD CHAINS</topic><topic>FOOD INDUSTRY</topic><topic>FOWL</topic><topic>FUEL DISPERSION REACTORS</topic><topic>FUELS</topic><topic>Gases - analysis</topic><topic>GROUND DISPOSAL</topic><topic>HOMOGENEOUS REACTORS</topic><topic>INDUSTRY</topic><topic>LEACHING</topic><topic>MAMMALS</topic><topic>MANAGEMENT</topic><topic>Manure</topic><topic>MASS TRANSFER</topic><topic>METALS</topic><topic>NITROGEN</topic><topic>NONMETALS</topic><topic>OIL YIELDS</topic><topic>OXIDATION</topic><topic>POLLUTION</topic><topic>POTASSIUM</topic><topic>Poultry</topic><topic>PYROLYSIS</topic><topic>REACTORS</topic><topic>RESOURCES</topic><topic>RUMINANTS</topic><topic>RUNOFF</topic><topic>SEPARATION PROCESSES</topic><topic>SULFUR</topic><topic>THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES</topic><topic>VERTEBRATES</topic><topic>VISCOSITY</topic><topic>WASTE DISPOSAL</topic><topic>WASTE MANAGEMENT</topic><topic>WATER POLLUTION</topic><topic>WATER RESOURCES</topic><topic>Wood</topic><topic>YIELDS</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Agblevor, F.A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beis, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, S.S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tarrant, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mante, N.O.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Waste management (Elmsford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Agblevor, F.A.</au><au>Beis, S.</au><au>Kim, S.S.</au><au>Tarrant, R.</au><au>Mante, N.O.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Biocrude oils from the fast pyrolysis of poultry litter and hardwood</atitle><jtitle>Waste management (Elmsford)</jtitle><addtitle>Waste Manag</addtitle><date>2010-02-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>298</spage><epage>307</epage><pages>298-307</pages><issn>0956-053X</issn><eissn>1879-2456</eissn><abstract>The safe and economical disposal of poultry litter is becoming a major problem for the USA poultry industry. Current disposal methods such as land application and feeding to cattle are now under pressure because of pollution of water resources due to leaching, runoffs and concern for mad cow disease contamination of the food chain. Incineration or combustion is potentially applicable to large scale operations, but for small scale growers and EPA non-attainment areas, this is not a suitable option because of the high cost of operation. Thus, there is a need for developing appropriate technologies to dispose poultry litter.
Poultry litters from broiler chicken and turkey houses, as well as bedding material were converted into biocrude oil in a fast pyrolysis fluidized bed reactor. The biocrude oil yields were relatively low ranging from 36
wt% to 50
wt% depending on the age and bedding material content of the litter. The bedding material (which was mostly hardwood shavings) biocrude oil yield was 63
wt%. The higher heating value (HHV) of the poultry litter biocrude oils ranged from 26
MJ/kg to 29
MJ/kg while that of the bedding material was 24
MJ/kg. The oils had relatively high nitrogen content ranging from 4
wt% to 8
wt%, very low sulfur (<1
wt%) content and high viscosity. The viscosities of the oils appeared to be a function of both the source of litter and the pyrolysis temperature. The biochar yield ranged from 27
wt% to 40
wt% depending on the source, age and composition of the poultry litter. The biochar ash content ranged from 24
wt% to 54
wt% and was very rich in inorganic components such as potassium and phosphorous.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>19880302</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.wasman.2009.09.042</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0956-053X |
| ispartof | Waste management (Elmsford), 2010-02, Vol.30 (2), p.298-307 |
| issn | 0956-053X 1879-2456 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_osti_scitechconnect_21357641 |
| source | MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present) |
| subjects | ALKALI METALS ANIMALS APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY ASH CONTENT BIOFUELS Bioreactors BIRDS CATTLE CHEMICAL REACTIONS COMBUSTION CONTAMINATION COST DECOMPOSITION DISSOLUTION DOMESTIC ANIMALS ELEMENTS ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSPORT Fertilizers FLUIDIZED BED REACTORS FOOD CHAINS FOOD INDUSTRY FOWL FUEL DISPERSION REACTORS FUELS Gases - analysis GROUND DISPOSAL HOMOGENEOUS REACTORS INDUSTRY LEACHING MAMMALS MANAGEMENT Manure MASS TRANSFER METALS NITROGEN NONMETALS OIL YIELDS OXIDATION POLLUTION POTASSIUM Poultry PYROLYSIS REACTORS RESOURCES RUMINANTS RUNOFF SEPARATION PROCESSES SULFUR THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSES VERTEBRATES VISCOSITY WASTE DISPOSAL WASTE MANAGEMENT WATER POLLUTION WATER RESOURCES Wood YIELDS |
| title | Biocrude oils from the fast pyrolysis of poultry litter and hardwood |
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