Blood lead and cadmium levels and relevant factors among children from an e-waste recycling town in China
Primitive electronic waste (e-waste) recycling is ongoing in Guiyu, and thus toxic heavy metals may keep on threatening to the health of local children. Some related factors may contribute to the elevation of blood lead levels (BLLs) or blood cadmium levels (BCLs). To investigate the children's...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental research 2008-09, Vol.108 (1), p.15-20 |
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| creator | Zheng, Liangkai Wu, Kusheng Li, Yan Qi, Zongli Han, Dai Zhang, Bao Gu, Chengwu Chen, Gangjian Liu, Junxiao Chen, Songjian Xu, Xijin Huo, Xia |
| description | Primitive electronic waste (e-waste) recycling is ongoing in Guiyu, and thus toxic heavy metals may keep on threatening to the health of local children. Some related factors may contribute to the elevation of blood lead levels (BLLs) or blood cadmium levels (BCLs).
To investigate the children's BLLs and BCLs in Guiyu and Chendian as compare to discuss the effects of primitive e-waste recycling activities on children's health.
Two hundred and seventy-eight children less than 8 years who lived in Guiyu and Chendian were observed, and their BLLs and BCLs were determined by graphite atomizer absorption spectrophotometer. Questionnaire survey for risk factors was also performed and data were analyzed using spearman correlation analyses and logistic regression analyses.
Children living in Guiyu had significantly higher BLLs and BCLs as compared with those living in Chendian (
p10
μg/dL, and 20.1% of children (31/154) had BCLs>2
μg/L, compared with 38.7% of children (48/124) had BLLs>10
μg/dL and 7.3% of children (9/124) had BCLs>2
μg/L in Chendian (
p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.envres.2008.04.002 |
| format | Article |
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To investigate the children's BLLs and BCLs in Guiyu and Chendian as compare to discuss the effects of primitive e-waste recycling activities on children's health.
Two hundred and seventy-eight children less than 8 years who lived in Guiyu and Chendian were observed, and their BLLs and BCLs were determined by graphite atomizer absorption spectrophotometer. Questionnaire survey for risk factors was also performed and data were analyzed using spearman correlation analyses and logistic regression analyses.
Children living in Guiyu had significantly higher BLLs and BCLs as compared with those living in Chendian (
p<0.01). In Guiyu, 70.8% of children (109/154) had BLLs>10
μg/dL, and 20.1% of children (31/154) had BCLs>2
μg/L, compared with 38.7% of children (48/124) had BLLs>10
μg/dL and 7.3% of children (9/124) had BCLs>2
μg/L in Chendian (
p<0.01, respectively). We also observed a significant increasing trend in BLLs with increasing age in Guiyu (
p<0.01). Mean height of children in Guiyu was significantly lower than that in Chendian (
p<0.01). The risk factors related to children's BLLs and BCLs mainly included father's engagement in the work related to e-waste, children's residence in Guiyu and the amount of time that children played outside near the road everyday.
There are close relationships between the BLLs, BCLs in children and the primitive e-waste recycling activities in Guiyu. Environmental pollution, especially lead pollution, has threatened the health of children living around e-waste recycling site.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-9351</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1096-0953</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2008.04.002</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18514186</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ENVRAL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES ; Biological and medical sciences ; BLOOD ; Blood cadmium ; Blood lead ; BORON CHLORIDES ; CADMIUM ; Cadmium - blood ; Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; CHILDREN ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; E-waste ; Electronics ; GRAPHITE ; HEAVY METALS ; Humans ; Infant ; LEAD ; Lead - blood ; Medical sciences ; Metals and various inorganic compounds ; POLLUTION ; RECYCLING ; REGRESSION ANALYSIS ; Risk factor ; SPECTROPHOTOMETERS ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; TOXICITY ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>Environmental research, 2008-09, Vol.108 (1), p.15-20</ispartof><rights>2008 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2008 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c511t-7f47ead322779ff94af5a0fcfbacde6015c6d73740d2d95e59ed155615a1493e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c511t-7f47ead322779ff94af5a0fcfbacde6015c6d73740d2d95e59ed155615a1493e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935108000856$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=20680558$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18514186$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/21130767$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Liangkai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Kusheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qi, Zongli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Dai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Bao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gu, Chengwu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Gangjian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Junxiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Songjian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Xijin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huo, Xia</creatorcontrib><title>Blood lead and cadmium levels and relevant factors among children from an e-waste recycling town in China</title><title>Environmental research</title><addtitle>Environ Res</addtitle><description>Primitive electronic waste (e-waste) recycling is ongoing in Guiyu, and thus toxic heavy metals may keep on threatening to the health of local children. Some related factors may contribute to the elevation of blood lead levels (BLLs) or blood cadmium levels (BCLs).
To investigate the children's BLLs and BCLs in Guiyu and Chendian as compare to discuss the effects of primitive e-waste recycling activities on children's health.
Two hundred and seventy-eight children less than 8 years who lived in Guiyu and Chendian were observed, and their BLLs and BCLs were determined by graphite atomizer absorption spectrophotometer. Questionnaire survey for risk factors was also performed and data were analyzed using spearman correlation analyses and logistic regression analyses.
Children living in Guiyu had significantly higher BLLs and BCLs as compared with those living in Chendian (
p<0.01). In Guiyu, 70.8% of children (109/154) had BLLs>10
μg/dL, and 20.1% of children (31/154) had BCLs>2
μg/L, compared with 38.7% of children (48/124) had BLLs>10
μg/dL and 7.3% of children (9/124) had BCLs>2
μg/L in Chendian (
p<0.01, respectively). We also observed a significant increasing trend in BLLs with increasing age in Guiyu (
p<0.01). Mean height of children in Guiyu was significantly lower than that in Chendian (
p<0.01). The risk factors related to children's BLLs and BCLs mainly included father's engagement in the work related to e-waste, children's residence in Guiyu and the amount of time that children played outside near the road everyday.
There are close relationships between the BLLs, BCLs in children and the primitive e-waste recycling activities in Guiyu. Environmental pollution, especially lead pollution, has threatened the health of children living around e-waste recycling site.</description><subject>60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>BLOOD</subject><subject>Blood cadmium</subject><subject>Blood lead</subject><subject>BORON CHLORIDES</subject><subject>CADMIUM</subject><subject>Cadmium - blood</subject><subject>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>CHILDREN</subject><subject>Conservation of Natural Resources</subject><subject>E-waste</subject><subject>Electronics</subject><subject>GRAPHITE</subject><subject>HEAVY METALS</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>LEAD</subject><subject>Lead - blood</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Metals and various inorganic compounds</subject><subject>POLLUTION</subject><subject>RECYCLING</subject><subject>REGRESSION ANALYSIS</subject><subject>Risk factor</subject><subject>SPECTROPHOTOMETERS</subject><subject>Spectrophotometry, Atomic</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>TOXICITY</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0013-9351</issn><issn>1096-0953</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU-LFDEQxYMo7uzoNxBpEPfWY1Wnk-6-COvgP1jwoueQTSpOhu5kTXpm2W9vxh70pp5CPX71UrzH2AuEDQLKN_sNhWOivGkA-g20G4DmEVshDLKGQfDHbAWAvB64wAt2mfO-jCg4PGUX2AtssZcr5t-NMdpqJG0rHWxltJ38YSrCkcb8S0pUBh3mymkzx1TEKYbvldn50SYKlUtxKmBF9b3OMxXePJjRF2SO96HyodrufNDP2BOnx0zPz--affvw_uv2U33z5ePn7fVNbQTiXHeu7coxvGm6bnBuaLUTGpxxt9pYkoDCSNvxrgXb2EGQGMiiEBKFxnbgxNfs1eIb8-xVNn4mszMxBDKzahA5dLIr1NVC3aX440B5VpPPhsZRB4qHrHDgfQmr_TfY9nLgEv8DhPJ78VyzdgFNijkncuou-UmnB4WgTtWqvVqqVadqFbSqVFvWXp79D7cT2T9L5y4L8PoM6Gz06JIOxuffXAOyByH6wr1duFIwHT2lU0gUDFmfThnZ6P9-yU-5RMMc</recordid><startdate>20080901</startdate><enddate>20080901</enddate><creator>Zheng, Liangkai</creator><creator>Wu, Kusheng</creator><creator>Li, Yan</creator><creator>Qi, Zongli</creator><creator>Han, Dai</creator><creator>Zhang, Bao</creator><creator>Gu, Chengwu</creator><creator>Chen, Gangjian</creator><creator>Liu, Junxiao</creator><creator>Chen, Songjian</creator><creator>Xu, Xijin</creator><creator>Huo, Xia</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080901</creationdate><title>Blood lead and cadmium levels and relevant factors among children from an e-waste recycling town in China</title><author>Zheng, Liangkai ; Wu, Kusheng ; Li, Yan ; Qi, Zongli ; Han, Dai ; Zhang, Bao ; Gu, Chengwu ; Chen, Gangjian ; Liu, Junxiao ; Chen, Songjian ; Xu, Xijin ; Huo, Xia</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c511t-7f47ead322779ff94af5a0fcfbacde6015c6d73740d2d95e59ed155615a1493e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>BLOOD</topic><topic>Blood cadmium</topic><topic>Blood lead</topic><topic>BORON CHLORIDES</topic><topic>CADMIUM</topic><topic>Cadmium - blood</topic><topic>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>CHILDREN</topic><topic>Conservation of Natural Resources</topic><topic>E-waste</topic><topic>Electronics</topic><topic>GRAPHITE</topic><topic>HEAVY METALS</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>LEAD</topic><topic>Lead - blood</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Metals and various inorganic compounds</topic><topic>POLLUTION</topic><topic>RECYCLING</topic><topic>REGRESSION ANALYSIS</topic><topic>Risk factor</topic><topic>SPECTROPHOTOMETERS</topic><topic>Spectrophotometry, Atomic</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>TOXICITY</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Liangkai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Kusheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qi, Zongli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Dai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Bao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gu, Chengwu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Gangjian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Junxiao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Songjian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xu, Xijin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huo, Xia</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Environmental research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zheng, Liangkai</au><au>Wu, Kusheng</au><au>Li, Yan</au><au>Qi, Zongli</au><au>Han, Dai</au><au>Zhang, Bao</au><au>Gu, Chengwu</au><au>Chen, Gangjian</au><au>Liu, Junxiao</au><au>Chen, Songjian</au><au>Xu, Xijin</au><au>Huo, Xia</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Blood lead and cadmium levels and relevant factors among children from an e-waste recycling town in China</atitle><jtitle>Environmental research</jtitle><addtitle>Environ Res</addtitle><date>2008-09-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>108</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>15</spage><epage>20</epage><pages>15-20</pages><issn>0013-9351</issn><eissn>1096-0953</eissn><coden>ENVRAL</coden><abstract>Primitive electronic waste (e-waste) recycling is ongoing in Guiyu, and thus toxic heavy metals may keep on threatening to the health of local children. Some related factors may contribute to the elevation of blood lead levels (BLLs) or blood cadmium levels (BCLs).
To investigate the children's BLLs and BCLs in Guiyu and Chendian as compare to discuss the effects of primitive e-waste recycling activities on children's health.
Two hundred and seventy-eight children less than 8 years who lived in Guiyu and Chendian were observed, and their BLLs and BCLs were determined by graphite atomizer absorption spectrophotometer. Questionnaire survey for risk factors was also performed and data were analyzed using spearman correlation analyses and logistic regression analyses.
Children living in Guiyu had significantly higher BLLs and BCLs as compared with those living in Chendian (
p<0.01). In Guiyu, 70.8% of children (109/154) had BLLs>10
μg/dL, and 20.1% of children (31/154) had BCLs>2
μg/L, compared with 38.7% of children (48/124) had BLLs>10
μg/dL and 7.3% of children (9/124) had BCLs>2
μg/L in Chendian (
p<0.01, respectively). We also observed a significant increasing trend in BLLs with increasing age in Guiyu (
p<0.01). Mean height of children in Guiyu was significantly lower than that in Chendian (
p<0.01). The risk factors related to children's BLLs and BCLs mainly included father's engagement in the work related to e-waste, children's residence in Guiyu and the amount of time that children played outside near the road everyday.
There are close relationships between the BLLs, BCLs in children and the primitive e-waste recycling activities in Guiyu. Environmental pollution, especially lead pollution, has threatened the health of children living around e-waste recycling site.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>18514186</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.envres.2008.04.002</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Environmental research, 2008-09, Vol.108 (1), p.15-20 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES Biological and medical sciences BLOOD Blood cadmium Blood lead BORON CHLORIDES CADMIUM Cadmium - blood Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases Child Child, Preschool CHILDREN Conservation of Natural Resources E-waste Electronics GRAPHITE HEAVY METALS Humans Infant LEAD Lead - blood Medical sciences Metals and various inorganic compounds POLLUTION RECYCLING REGRESSION ANALYSIS Risk factor SPECTROPHOTOMETERS Spectrophotometry, Atomic Surveys and Questionnaires TOXICITY Toxicology |
| title | Blood lead and cadmium levels and relevant factors among children from an e-waste recycling town in China |
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