Bismuth segregation at copper grain boundaries
The dependence of Bi segregation on the grain-boundary (GB) geometry for various Bi concentrations in Cu at different temperatures is investigated systematically. The GB segregation of Bi in Cu(Bi) bicrystals was determined quantitatively using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in a dedicat...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Acta materialia 1999-11, Vol.47 (15), p.4047-4060 |
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| container_title | Acta materialia |
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| creator | Alber, U. Müllejans, H. Rühle, M. |
| description | The dependence of Bi segregation on the grain-boundary (GB) geometry for various Bi concentrations in Cu at different temperatures is investigated systematically. The GB segregation of Bi in Cu(Bi) bicrystals was determined quantitatively using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The Miller indices of the corresponding GB planes were determined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The energies of all experimentally investigated GBs were calculated by atomistic computer simulations. Gibbs segregation free energies were determined from the experimentally measured amount of Bi segregation using the classical McLean segregation theory. The free energies decrease monotonically with increasing calculated GB energies. The Fowler–Guggenheim segregation theory yields an attractive interaction between the segregated Bi atoms. No Bi-induced changes in the bonding at the GBs could be detected by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00265-7 |
| format | Article |
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The GB segregation of Bi in Cu(Bi) bicrystals was determined quantitatively using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The Miller indices of the corresponding GB planes were determined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The energies of all experimentally investigated GBs were calculated by atomistic computer simulations. Gibbs segregation free energies were determined from the experimentally measured amount of Bi segregation using the classical McLean segregation theory. The free energies decrease monotonically with increasing calculated GB energies. The Fowler–Guggenheim segregation theory yields an attractive interaction between the segregated Bi atoms. No Bi-induced changes in the bonding at the GBs could be detected by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).</description><identifier>ISSN: 1359-6454</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2453</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00265-7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Applied sciences ; BISMUTH ADDITIONS ; COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION ; Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties ; COPPER ; Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) ; Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions ; Exact sciences and technology ; GRAIN BOUNDARIES ; MATERIALS SCIENCE ; Metals ; Metals. Metallurgy ; MICROSCOPY ; Physics ; Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) ; SEGREGATION ; Solubility, segregation, and mixing; phase separation ; SPECTROSCOPY ; TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE ; THERMODYNAMICS</subject><ispartof>Acta materialia, 1999-11, Vol.47 (15), p.4047-4060</ispartof><rights>1999 Acta Metallurgica Inc.</rights><rights>2000 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-8be67fe1c0ff48705ce53a75e36549b4c6ef6bab83151fb613f340b3d04db02e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-8be67fe1c0ff48705ce53a75e36549b4c6ef6bab83151fb613f340b3d04db02e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359645499002657$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,309,310,314,776,780,785,786,881,3537,23909,23910,25118,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1218730$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/20005382$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Alber, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Müllejans, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rühle, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Max-Planck-Inst. fuer Metallforschung, Stuttgart (DE)</creatorcontrib><title>Bismuth segregation at copper grain boundaries</title><title>Acta materialia</title><description>The dependence of Bi segregation on the grain-boundary (GB) geometry for various Bi concentrations in Cu at different temperatures is investigated systematically. The GB segregation of Bi in Cu(Bi) bicrystals was determined quantitatively using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The Miller indices of the corresponding GB planes were determined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The energies of all experimentally investigated GBs were calculated by atomistic computer simulations. Gibbs segregation free energies were determined from the experimentally measured amount of Bi segregation using the classical McLean segregation theory. The free energies decrease monotonically with increasing calculated GB energies. The Fowler–Guggenheim segregation theory yields an attractive interaction between the segregated Bi atoms. No Bi-induced changes in the bonding at the GBs could be detected by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).</description><subject>Applied sciences</subject><subject>BISMUTH ADDITIONS</subject><subject>COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION</subject><subject>Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties</subject><subject>COPPER</subject><subject>Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)</subject><subject>Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions</subject><subject>Exact sciences and technology</subject><subject>GRAIN BOUNDARIES</subject><subject>MATERIALS SCIENCE</subject><subject>Metals</subject><subject>Metals. Metallurgy</subject><subject>MICROSCOPY</subject><subject>Physics</subject><subject>Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)</subject><subject>SEGREGATION</subject><subject>Solubility, segregation, and mixing; phase separation</subject><subject>SPECTROSCOPY</subject><subject>TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE</subject><subject>THERMODYNAMICS</subject><issn>1359-6454</issn><issn>1873-2453</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1999</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkEtPwzAQhC0EEqXwE5AiwQEOKev4keSEaMVLqsQBOFu2s26N2iSyUyT-PUkD4shp9_DN7swQck5hRoHKm1fKRJlKLvhVWV4DZFKk-QGZ0CJnacYFO-z3X-SYnMT4AUCznMOEzOY-bnfdOom4CrjSnW_qRHeJbdoWQ7IK2teJaXZ1pYPHeEqOnN5EPPuZU_L-cP-2eEqXL4_Pi7tlajmDLi0MytwhteAcL3IQFgXTuUAmBS8NtxKdNNoUjArqjKTMMQ6GVcArAxmyKbkY7zax8ypa36Fd26au0XYqAwDBiqynxEjZ0MQY0Kk2-K0OX4qCGqpR-2rUkFuVpdpXo_JedznqWh2t3riga-vjnzgbmoMeux0x7JN-egyDEawtVj4MPqrG__PoG8q5dvQ</recordid><startdate>19991112</startdate><enddate>19991112</enddate><creator>Alber, U.</creator><creator>Müllejans, H.</creator><creator>Rühle, M.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19991112</creationdate><title>Bismuth segregation at copper grain boundaries</title><author>Alber, U. ; Müllejans, H. ; Rühle, M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-8be67fe1c0ff48705ce53a75e36549b4c6ef6bab83151fb613f340b3d04db02e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1999</creationdate><topic>Applied sciences</topic><topic>BISMUTH ADDITIONS</topic><topic>COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION</topic><topic>Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties</topic><topic>COPPER</topic><topic>Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)</topic><topic>Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions</topic><topic>Exact sciences and technology</topic><topic>GRAIN BOUNDARIES</topic><topic>MATERIALS SCIENCE</topic><topic>Metals</topic><topic>Metals. Metallurgy</topic><topic>MICROSCOPY</topic><topic>Physics</topic><topic>Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)</topic><topic>SEGREGATION</topic><topic>Solubility, segregation, and mixing; phase separation</topic><topic>SPECTROSCOPY</topic><topic>TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE</topic><topic>THERMODYNAMICS</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Alber, U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Müllejans, H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rühle, M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Max-Planck-Inst. fuer Metallforschung, Stuttgart (DE)</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Acta materialia</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alber, U.</au><au>Müllejans, H.</au><au>Rühle, M.</au><aucorp>Max-Planck-Inst. fuer Metallforschung, Stuttgart (DE)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Bismuth segregation at copper grain boundaries</atitle><jtitle>Acta materialia</jtitle><date>1999-11-12</date><risdate>1999</risdate><volume>47</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>4047</spage><epage>4060</epage><pages>4047-4060</pages><issn>1359-6454</issn><eissn>1873-2453</eissn><abstract>The dependence of Bi segregation on the grain-boundary (GB) geometry for various Bi concentrations in Cu at different temperatures is investigated systematically. The GB segregation of Bi in Cu(Bi) bicrystals was determined quantitatively using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) in a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The Miller indices of the corresponding GB planes were determined by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The energies of all experimentally investigated GBs were calculated by atomistic computer simulations. Gibbs segregation free energies were determined from the experimentally measured amount of Bi segregation using the classical McLean segregation theory. The free energies decrease monotonically with increasing calculated GB energies. The Fowler–Guggenheim segregation theory yields an attractive interaction between the segregated Bi atoms. No Bi-induced changes in the bonding at the GBs could be detected by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00265-7</doi><tpages>14</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1359-6454 |
| ispartof | Acta materialia, 1999-11, Vol.47 (15), p.4047-4060 |
| issn | 1359-6454 1873-2453 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_osti_scitechconnect_20005382 |
| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | Applied sciences BISMUTH ADDITIONS COMPUTERIZED SIMULATION Condensed matter: structure, mechanical and thermal properties COPPER Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) Equations of state, phase equilibria, and phase transitions Exact sciences and technology GRAIN BOUNDARIES MATERIALS SCIENCE Metals Metals. Metallurgy MICROSCOPY Physics Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) SEGREGATION Solubility, segregation, and mixing phase separation SPECTROSCOPY TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE THERMODYNAMICS |
| title | Bismuth segregation at copper grain boundaries |
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