Implications of Electron Transport Layer and Back Metal Contact Variations in Tin–Lead Perovskite Solar Cells Assessed by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and External Quantum Efficiency
The structural and optical properties of hybrid organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells are measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry to reveal an optically distinct interfacial layer among the back contact metal, charge transport, and absorber layers. Understanding how this interfacial l...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | ACS applied materials & interfaces 2023-04, Vol.15 (15), p.19730-19740 |
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| creator | Bordovalos, Alexander Subedi, Biwas Chen, Lei Song, Zhaoning Yan, Yanfa Podraza, Nikolas J. |
| description | The structural and optical properties of hybrid organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells are measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry to reveal an optically distinct interfacial layer among the back contact metal, charge transport, and absorber layers. Understanding how this interfacial layer impacts performance is essential for developing higher performing solar cells. This interfacial layer is modeled by Bruggeman effective medium approximations (EMAs) to contain perovskite, C60, BCP, and metal. External quantum efficiency (EQE) simulations that consider scattering, electronic losses, and the formation of nonparallel interfaces are created with input derived from ellipsometry structural-optical models and compared with experimental EQE to estimate optical losses. This nonplanar interface causes optical losses in short circuit current density (J SC) of up to 1.2 mA cm–2. A study of glass/C60/SnO2/Ag or Cu and glass/C60/BCP/Ag film stacks shows that C60 and BCP mix, but replacing BCP with SnO2 can prevent mixing between the ETLs to prevent contact between C60 and back contact metal and enable the formation of a planar interface between ETLs and back contact metals. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acsami.3c01849 |
| format | Article |
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A study of glass/C60/SnO2/Ag or Cu and glass/C60/BCP/Ag film stacks shows that C60 and BCP mix, but replacing BCP with SnO2 can prevent mixing between the ETLs to prevent contact between C60 and back contact metal and enable the formation of a planar interface between ETLs and back contact metals.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1944-8244</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1944-8252</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-8252</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01849</identifier><identifier>PMID: 37022937</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>electron transfer ; external quantum efficiency ; external quantum efficiency modeling ; halides ; interfacial layers ; layers ; materials ; metals ; mixing ; optical and electronic losses ; optical properties ; perovskite solar cells ; perovskites ; solar cells ; SOLAR ENERGY ; spectroscopic ellipsometry ; spectroscopy ; Surfaces, Interfaces, and Applications</subject><ispartof>ACS applied materials & interfaces, 2023-04, Vol.15 (15), p.19730-19740</ispartof><rights>2023 American Chemical Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a430t-c449947cd5fccba6fee1677b5b909326667ef893065de18e88c55ce6352205b63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a430t-c449947cd5fccba6fee1677b5b909326667ef893065de18e88c55ce6352205b63</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3977-5789 ; 0000-0002-7690-0406 ; 0000-0002-5038-1564 ; 0000-0002-6677-0994 ; 0000000266770994 ; 0000000250381564 ; 0000000276900406 ; 0000000339775789</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsami.3c01849$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.3c01849$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,882,2752,27057,27905,27906,56719,56769</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37022937$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1984077$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bordovalos, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Subedi, Biwas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Zhaoning</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Yanfa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Podraza, Nikolas J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Univ. of Toledo, OH (United States)</creatorcontrib><title>Implications of Electron Transport Layer and Back Metal Contact Variations in Tin–Lead Perovskite Solar Cells Assessed by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and External Quantum Efficiency</title><title>ACS applied materials & interfaces</title><addtitle>ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces</addtitle><description>The structural and optical properties of hybrid organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells are measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry to reveal an optically distinct interfacial layer among the back contact metal, charge transport, and absorber layers. Understanding how this interfacial layer impacts performance is essential for developing higher performing solar cells. This interfacial layer is modeled by Bruggeman effective medium approximations (EMAs) to contain perovskite, C60, BCP, and metal. External quantum efficiency (EQE) simulations that consider scattering, electronic losses, and the formation of nonparallel interfaces are created with input derived from ellipsometry structural-optical models and compared with experimental EQE to estimate optical losses. This nonplanar interface causes optical losses in short circuit current density (J SC) of up to 1.2 mA cm–2. A study of glass/C60/SnO2/Ag or Cu and glass/C60/BCP/Ag film stacks shows that C60 and BCP mix, but replacing BCP with SnO2 can prevent mixing between the ETLs to prevent contact between C60 and back contact metal and enable the formation of a planar interface between ETLs and back contact metals.</description><subject>electron transfer</subject><subject>external quantum efficiency</subject><subject>external quantum efficiency modeling</subject><subject>halides</subject><subject>interfacial layers</subject><subject>layers</subject><subject>materials</subject><subject>metals</subject><subject>mixing</subject><subject>optical and electronic losses</subject><subject>optical properties</subject><subject>perovskite solar cells</subject><subject>perovskites</subject><subject>solar cells</subject><subject>SOLAR ENERGY</subject><subject>spectroscopic ellipsometry</subject><subject>spectroscopy</subject><subject>Surfaces, Interfaces, and Applications</subject><issn>1944-8244</issn><issn>1944-8252</issn><issn>1944-8252</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkcFu1DAQhiMEoqVw5YgsTghpFzt24vhYVgtUWgSohavlTCbCbWKntoPIjXfgXXggngS3u_SGkCyND98__8z8RfGU0TWjJXtlIJrRrjlQ1gh1rzhmSohVU1bl_bu_EEfFoxgvKa15SauHxRGXtCwVl8fFr7NxGiyYZL2LxPdkOyCk4B25CMbFyYdEdmbBQIzryGsDV-Q9JjOQjXfJQCJfTLAHtc0i637_-LlD05GPGPy3eGUTknM_mEA2OAyRnMaI-XWkXcj5dOsVwU8WsvNgp-hHTGG5ddt-Txhc9vo0G5fmkWz73oJFB8vj4kFvhohPDvWk-Pxme7F5t9p9eHu2Od2tjOA0rUAIpYSEruoBWlP3iKyWsq1aRRUv67qW2DeK07rqkDXYNFBVgDWvynyotuYnxfN9Xx-T1RHyNvAVvHN5cM1UI6iUGXqxh6bgr2eMSY82Qt7WOPRz1JwKyqXirPovWkolWZ6Zsoyu9yjkC8WAvZ6CHU1YNKP6Jnu9z14fss-CZ4fecztid4f_DTsDL_dAFupLP9_cNv6r2x81zLy-</recordid><startdate>20230419</startdate><enddate>20230419</enddate><creator>Bordovalos, Alexander</creator><creator>Subedi, Biwas</creator><creator>Chen, Lei</creator><creator>Song, Zhaoning</creator><creator>Yan, Yanfa</creator><creator>Podraza, Nikolas J.</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><general>American Chemical Society (ACS)</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>OIOZB</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3977-5789</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7690-0406</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5038-1564</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-0994</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000266770994</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000250381564</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000276900406</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000339775789</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230419</creationdate><title>Implications of Electron Transport Layer and Back Metal Contact Variations in Tin–Lead Perovskite Solar Cells Assessed by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and External Quantum Efficiency</title><author>Bordovalos, Alexander ; Subedi, Biwas ; Chen, Lei ; Song, Zhaoning ; Yan, Yanfa ; Podraza, Nikolas J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a430t-c449947cd5fccba6fee1677b5b909326667ef893065de18e88c55ce6352205b63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2023</creationdate><topic>electron transfer</topic><topic>external quantum efficiency</topic><topic>external quantum efficiency modeling</topic><topic>halides</topic><topic>interfacial layers</topic><topic>layers</topic><topic>materials</topic><topic>metals</topic><topic>mixing</topic><topic>optical and electronic losses</topic><topic>optical properties</topic><topic>perovskite solar cells</topic><topic>perovskites</topic><topic>solar cells</topic><topic>SOLAR ENERGY</topic><topic>spectroscopic ellipsometry</topic><topic>spectroscopy</topic><topic>Surfaces, Interfaces, and Applications</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Bordovalos, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Subedi, Biwas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Song, Zhaoning</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Yanfa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Podraza, Nikolas J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Univ. of Toledo, OH (United States)</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV - Hybrid</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>ACS applied materials & interfaces</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bordovalos, Alexander</au><au>Subedi, Biwas</au><au>Chen, Lei</au><au>Song, Zhaoning</au><au>Yan, Yanfa</au><au>Podraza, Nikolas J.</au><aucorp>Univ. of Toledo, OH (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Implications of Electron Transport Layer and Back Metal Contact Variations in Tin–Lead Perovskite Solar Cells Assessed by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and External Quantum Efficiency</atitle><jtitle>ACS applied materials & interfaces</jtitle><addtitle>ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces</addtitle><date>2023-04-19</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>15</issue><spage>19730</spage><epage>19740</epage><pages>19730-19740</pages><issn>1944-8244</issn><issn>1944-8252</issn><eissn>1944-8252</eissn><abstract>The structural and optical properties of hybrid organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells are measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry to reveal an optically distinct interfacial layer among the back contact metal, charge transport, and absorber layers. Understanding how this interfacial layer impacts performance is essential for developing higher performing solar cells. This interfacial layer is modeled by Bruggeman effective medium approximations (EMAs) to contain perovskite, C60, BCP, and metal. External quantum efficiency (EQE) simulations that consider scattering, electronic losses, and the formation of nonparallel interfaces are created with input derived from ellipsometry structural-optical models and compared with experimental EQE to estimate optical losses. This nonplanar interface causes optical losses in short circuit current density (J SC) of up to 1.2 mA cm–2. A study of glass/C60/SnO2/Ag or Cu and glass/C60/BCP/Ag film stacks shows that C60 and BCP mix, but replacing BCP with SnO2 can prevent mixing between the ETLs to prevent contact between C60 and back contact metal and enable the formation of a planar interface between ETLs and back contact metals.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>37022937</pmid><doi>10.1021/acsami.3c01849</doi><tpages>11</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3977-5789</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7690-0406</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5038-1564</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-0994</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000266770994</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000250381564</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000276900406</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000339775789</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | ACS Publications |
| subjects | electron transfer external quantum efficiency external quantum efficiency modeling halides interfacial layers layers materials metals mixing optical and electronic losses optical properties perovskite solar cells perovskites solar cells SOLAR ENERGY spectroscopic ellipsometry spectroscopy Surfaces, Interfaces, and Applications |
| title | Implications of Electron Transport Layer and Back Metal Contact Variations in Tin–Lead Perovskite Solar Cells Assessed by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry and External Quantum Efficiency |
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