Status of the MQXFB Nb3Sn quadrupoles for the HL-LHC
The cold powering test of the first two prototypes of the MQXFB quadrupoles (MQXFBP1, now disassembled, and MQXFBP2), the Nb 3 Sn inner triplet magnets to be installed in the HL-LHC, has validated many features of the design, such as field quality and quench protection, but has found performance lim...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity 2023-08, Vol.33 (5), p.1-9 |
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| creator | Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo Ambrosio, Giorgio Apollinari, Giorgio Ballarino, Amalia Barth, Christian Crouvizier, Mickael Denis Ramos, Delio Duarte Devred, Arnaud Feher, Sandor Felice, Helene Ferracin, Paolo Troitino, Jose Ferradas Guinchard, Michael Lusa, Nicholas Mangiarotti, Franco Milanese, Attilio Moros, Alice Prin, Herve Russenschuck, Stephan Sgobba, Stefano Todesco, Ezio Willering, Gerard |
| description | The cold powering test of the first two prototypes of the MQXFB quadrupoles (MQXFBP1, now disassembled, and MQXFBP2), the Nb 3 Sn inner triplet magnets to be installed in the HL-LHC, has validated many features of the design, such as field quality and quench protection, but has found performance limitations. In fact, both magnets showed a similar phenomenology, characterized by reproducible quenches in the straight part inner layer pole turn, with absence of training and limiting the performance at 93% (MQXFBP1) and 98% (MQXFBP2) of the nominal current at 1.9 K, required for HL-LHC operation at 7 TeV. Microstructural inspections of the quenching section of the limiting coil in MQXFBP1 have identified fractured Nb 3 Sn sub-elements in strands located at one specific position of the inner layer pole turn, allowing to determine the precise origin of the performance limitation. In this paper we outline the strategy that has been defined to address the possible sources of performance limitation, namely coil manufacturing, magnet assembly and integration in the cold mass. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TASC.2023.3237503 |
| format | Article |
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In fact, both magnets showed a similar phenomenology, characterized by reproducible quenches in the straight part inner layer pole turn, with absence of training and limiting the performance at 93% (MQXFBP1) and 98% (MQXFBP2) of the nominal current at 1.9 K, required for HL-LHC operation at 7 TeV. Microstructural inspections of the quenching section of the limiting coil in MQXFBP1 have identified fractured Nb 3 Sn sub-elements in strands located at one specific position of the inner layer pole turn, allowing to determine the precise origin of the performance limitation. In this paper we outline the strategy that has been defined to address the possible sources of performance limitation, namely coil manufacturing, magnet assembly and integration in the cold mass.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1051-8223</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1558-2515</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TASC.2023.3237503</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ITASE9</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Accelerator Magnets ; Coils ; Constraining ; Copper ; Etching ; HL-LHC ; Limiting ; Magnetomechanical effects ; Magnets ; Nb3Sn ; Nb<sub xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">3 Sn ; Phenomenology ; PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS ; Prototypes ; Quadrupoles ; Superconducting magnets ; Welding</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity, 2023-08, Vol.33 (5), p.1-9</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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In fact, both magnets showed a similar phenomenology, characterized by reproducible quenches in the straight part inner layer pole turn, with absence of training and limiting the performance at 93% (MQXFBP1) and 98% (MQXFBP2) of the nominal current at 1.9 K, required for HL-LHC operation at 7 TeV. Microstructural inspections of the quenching section of the limiting coil in MQXFBP1 have identified fractured Nb 3 Sn sub-elements in strands located at one specific position of the inner layer pole turn, allowing to determine the precise origin of the performance limitation. In this paper we outline the strategy that has been defined to address the possible sources of performance limitation, namely coil manufacturing, magnet assembly and integration in the cold mass.</description><subject>Accelerator Magnets</subject><subject>Coils</subject><subject>Constraining</subject><subject>Copper</subject><subject>Etching</subject><subject>HL-LHC</subject><subject>Limiting</subject><subject>Magnetomechanical effects</subject><subject>Magnets</subject><subject>Nb3Sn</subject><subject>Nb<sub xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">3 Sn</subject><subject>Phenomenology</subject><subject>PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS</subject><subject>Prototypes</subject><subject>Quadrupoles</subject><subject>Superconducting magnets</subject><subject>Welding</subject><issn>1051-8223</issn><issn>1558-2515</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNotkE1Lw0AYhBdRsFZ_gOAh6Dl13_3eYw2tFaIireAtbLa7NKVm0-zm4L83WE8zMA_DMAjdAp4BYP24ma-LGcGEziihkmN6hibAucoJB34-eswhV4TQS3QV4x5jYIrxCWLrZNIQs-CztHPZ68fX8il7q-m6zY6D2fZDFw4uZj70f_mqzMtVcY0uvDlEd_OvU_S5XGyKVV6-P78U8zJviGQpF1Izy430gjGhJSW1A11vNSfagyVecUNBWzEurA0zUjKBBXhprDNUbC2dovtTb4ipqaJtkrM7G9rW2VSBBs4IG6GHE9T14Ti4mKp9GPp23FURqUAxUIKP1N2JapxzVdc336b_qWD8QVFM6S_gaVk_</recordid><startdate>20230801</startdate><enddate>20230801</enddate><creator>Bermudez, Susana Izquierdo</creator><creator>Ambrosio, Giorgio</creator><creator>Apollinari, Giorgio</creator><creator>Ballarino, Amalia</creator><creator>Barth, Christian</creator><creator>Crouvizier, Mickael Denis</creator><creator>Ramos, Delio Duarte</creator><creator>Devred, Arnaud</creator><creator>Feher, Sandor</creator><creator>Felice, Helene</creator><creator>Ferracin, Paolo</creator><creator>Troitino, Jose Ferradas</creator><creator>Guinchard, Michael</creator><creator>Lusa, Nicholas</creator><creator>Mangiarotti, Franco</creator><creator>Milanese, Attilio</creator><creator>Moros, Alice</creator><creator>Prin, Herve</creator><creator>Russenschuck, Stephan</creator><creator>Sgobba, Stefano</creator><creator>Todesco, Ezio</creator><creator>Willering, Gerard</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 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In fact, both magnets showed a similar phenomenology, characterized by reproducible quenches in the straight part inner layer pole turn, with absence of training and limiting the performance at 93% (MQXFBP1) and 98% (MQXFBP2) of the nominal current at 1.9 K, required for HL-LHC operation at 7 TeV. Microstructural inspections of the quenching section of the limiting coil in MQXFBP1 have identified fractured Nb 3 Sn sub-elements in strands located at one specific position of the inner layer pole turn, allowing to determine the precise origin of the performance limitation. 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| identifier | ISSN: 1051-8223 |
| ispartof | IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity, 2023-08, Vol.33 (5), p.1-9 |
| issn | 1051-8223 1558-2515 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_osti_scitechconnect_1915424 |
| source | IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) |
| subjects | Accelerator Magnets Coils Constraining Copper Etching HL-LHC Limiting Magnetomechanical effects Magnets Nb3Sn Nb<sub xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">3 Sn Phenomenology PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS Prototypes Quadrupoles Superconducting magnets Welding |
| title | Status of the MQXFB Nb3Sn quadrupoles for the HL-LHC |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-27T09%3A12%3A01IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_RIE&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Status%20of%20the%20MQXFB%20Nb3Sn%20quadrupoles%20for%20the%20HL-LHC&rft.jtitle=IEEE%20transactions%20on%20applied%20superconductivity&rft.au=Bermudez,%20Susana%20Izquierdo&rft.aucorp=Fermi%20National%20Accelerator%20Laboratory%20(FNAL),%20Batavia,%20IL%20(United%20States)&rft.date=2023-08-01&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=1&rft.epage=9&rft.pages=1-9&rft.issn=1051-8223&rft.eissn=1558-2515&rft.coden=ITASE9&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109/TASC.2023.3237503&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_RIE%3E2781841865%3C/proquest_RIE%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2781841865&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_ieee_id=10018303&rfr_iscdi=true |