Millimeter-wave electromagnetic monitoring for liquid metal droplet-on-demand printing
As new printing approaches emerge, in situ diagnostics to monitor the print quality in real-time become essential for long-term monitoring and feedback control. In this article, we present a millimeter-wave electromagnetic monitoring approach for liquid metal droplet-on-demand printing to support th...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of applied physics 2021-10, Vol.130 (14) |
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| container_title | Journal of applied physics |
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| creator | Chang, T. Mukherjee, S. Watkins, N. N. Benavidez, E. Gilmore, A. M. Pascall, A. J. Stobbe, D. M. |
| description | As new printing approaches emerge, in situ diagnostics to monitor the print quality in real-time become essential for long-term monitoring and feedback control. In this article, we present a millimeter-wave electromagnetic monitoring approach for liquid metal droplet-on-demand printing to support the high-speed and real-time evaluation of droplet ejection. An open-ended rectangular waveguide is placed perpendicular to a jetted droplet stream and operated at a continuous-wave frequency of 40 GHz. Liquid metal droplets with diameters as low as 1.2 mm are characterized, and droplet jetting events on the order of 500 μm are detected at ejection rates up to 80 Hz. The measured results demonstrate that trends at the macro-level (large-scale print variation and anomalies at the nozzle tip) as well as micro-level (droplet size, position, and dynamics) can be detected using this technique. |
| format | Article |
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M.</creator><creatorcontrib>Chang, T. ; Mukherjee, S. ; Watkins, N. N. ; Benavidez, E. ; Gilmore, A. M. ; Pascall, A. J. ; Stobbe, D. M. ; Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)</creatorcontrib><description>As new printing approaches emerge, in situ diagnostics to monitor the print quality in real-time become essential for long-term monitoring and feedback control. In this article, we present a millimeter-wave electromagnetic monitoring approach for liquid metal droplet-on-demand printing to support the high-speed and real-time evaluation of droplet ejection. An open-ended rectangular waveguide is placed perpendicular to a jetted droplet stream and operated at a continuous-wave frequency of 40 GHz. Liquid metal droplets with diameters as low as 1.2 mm are characterized, and droplet jetting events on the order of 500 μm are detected at ejection rates up to 80 Hz. 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Liquid metal droplets with diameters as low as 1.2 mm are characterized, and droplet jetting events on the order of 500 μm are detected at ejection rates up to 80 Hz. The measured results demonstrate that trends at the macro-level (large-scale print variation and anomalies at the nozzle tip) as well as micro-level (droplet size, position, and dynamics) can be detected using this technique.</description><subject>Electromagnetic interactions</subject><subject>ENGINEERING</subject><subject>Liquid metals</subject><subject>Phase variation</subject><subject>Radio spectrum</subject><subject>Real-time process</subject><subject>Waveguides</subject><issn>0021-8979</issn><issn>1089-7550</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNzbsOwiAYhmFiNLEe7oG4k4BND8xG4-JmXBsCf-tvKFRAvX0ZvACnb3m-vDNSCN5K1lQVn5OC871grWzkkqxifHAuRFvKgtwuaC2OkCCwj3oDBQs6BT-qwUFCTUfvMPmAbqC9D9Ti84WG5oOy1AQ_WUjMO2ZgVM7QKcOU7YYsemUjbH-7JrvT8Xo4Mx8TdlFjAn3X3rkc60Rbl3VdlX-hL1DDQ7k</recordid><startdate>20211011</startdate><enddate>20211011</enddate><creator>Chang, T.</creator><creator>Mukherjee, S.</creator><creator>Watkins, N. 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| ispartof | Journal of applied physics, 2021-10, Vol.130 (14) |
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| language | eng |
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| source | AIP Journals Complete; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Electromagnetic interactions ENGINEERING Liquid metals Phase variation Radio spectrum Real-time process Waveguides |
| title | Millimeter-wave electromagnetic monitoring for liquid metal droplet-on-demand printing |
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