Resolution and geometric limitations in laser powder bed fusion additively manufactured GRCop-84 structures for a lower hybrid current drive launcher
•Laser Powder Bed Fusion additive manufacturing enables rapid construction of lower hybrid launchers for fusion reactors.•Surface roughness depends on print angle, 45° overhangs do not require supports.•0.5 mm thick walls warp during the print process, 1 and 1.5 mm thick walls eliminates warping.•Si...
Gespeichert in:
Veröffentlicht in: | Fusion engineering and design 2021-12, Vol.173 (C), p.112847, Article 112847 |
---|---|
Hauptverfasser: | , |
Format: | Artikel |
Sprache: | eng |
Schlagworte: | |
Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
container_end_page | |
---|---|
container_issue | C |
container_start_page | 112847 |
container_title | Fusion engineering and design |
container_volume | 173 |
creator | Seltzman, A.H. Wukitch, S.J. |
description | •Laser Powder Bed Fusion additive manufacturing enables rapid construction of lower hybrid launchers for fusion reactors.•Surface roughness depends on print angle, 45° overhangs do not require supports.•0.5 mm thick walls warp during the print process, 1 and 1.5 mm thick walls eliminates warping.•Sinusoidal motion of the build plate induced a 5 mm period 40 μm pk-pk surface waviness.•.Dimensional accuracy was within 40 μm, batch-to-batch variation was 10 μm.
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), also known as Selective Laser MeltingTM (SLMTM), allows additive manufacture of lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) Radio Frequency (RF) launchers from a new material, Glenn Research Copper 84 (GRCop-84), a Cr2Nb (8 at. % Cr, 4 at. % Nb) precipitation hardened alloy, in configurations unachievable with conventional machining. The resolution and geometric limitations are tested to explore the limitations of L-PBF printing of GRCop-84. Printing holes in the vertical and horizontal direction are examined to determine the minimum cooling channel diameter. Internal stress limits the minimum thickness of vertical walls and septa to 1 mm, thinner walls warp during printing. Roughness is minimized on vertical surfaces and increases on both upper and lower surfaces as angle increases. Accuracy within 40 μm is typical on well supported structures. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112847 |
format | Article |
fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_osti_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_osti_scitechconnect_1819240</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S0920379621006232</els_id><sourcerecordid>2624690910</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-b95b1448e5cef67c4cc7953cea43c7997892a34007e800e4f6f12343d59b5333</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFUV1r3DAQFKWFXNP-hoj22Rd92bIew9GmgUAh5F3I0jqnwyddJTnhfkj_b-W45DWwsIt2ZnbEIHRFyZYS2l0ftuOcITw5yFtGGN1SynohP6AN7SVvJFXdR7QhipGGS9VdoM85HwihstYG_X2AHKe5-BiwCQ4_QTxCSd7iyR99McsiYx_wZDIkfIovrrYBHK5XX0nO-eKfYTrjownzaGyZU13fPuziqekFziXNr28ZjzFhg6f4UiX25yF5h-2cEoSCXaoa9cgc7B7SF_RpNFOGr__7JXr8-eNx96u5_317t7u5b6ygqjSDagcqRA-thbGTVlgrVcstGMHrpGSvmOGCEAk9ISDGbqSMC-5aNbSc80v0bZWNuXidrS9g9zaGALZo2lPFBKmg7yvolOKfGXLRhzinUG1p1jHRKaLogpIryqaYc4JRn5I_mnTWlOglJ33QbznpJSe95lSZNysT6kefPaTFCAQLzqfFh4v-XY1_hYCicQ</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2624690910</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Resolution and geometric limitations in laser powder bed fusion additively manufactured GRCop-84 structures for a lower hybrid current drive launcher</title><source>ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present)</source><creator>Seltzman, A.H. ; Wukitch, S.J.</creator><creatorcontrib>Seltzman, A.H. ; Wukitch, S.J.</creatorcontrib><description>•Laser Powder Bed Fusion additive manufacturing enables rapid construction of lower hybrid launchers for fusion reactors.•Surface roughness depends on print angle, 45° overhangs do not require supports.•0.5 mm thick walls warp during the print process, 1 and 1.5 mm thick walls eliminates warping.•Sinusoidal motion of the build plate induced a 5 mm period 40 μm pk-pk surface waviness.•.Dimensional accuracy was within 40 μm, batch-to-batch variation was 10 μm.
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), also known as Selective Laser MeltingTM (SLMTM), allows additive manufacture of lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) Radio Frequency (RF) launchers from a new material, Glenn Research Copper 84 (GRCop-84), a Cr2Nb (8 at. % Cr, 4 at. % Nb) precipitation hardened alloy, in configurations unachievable with conventional machining. The resolution and geometric limitations are tested to explore the limitations of L-PBF printing of GRCop-84. Printing holes in the vertical and horizontal direction are examined to determine the minimum cooling channel diameter. Internal stress limits the minimum thickness of vertical walls and septa to 1 mm, thinner walls warp during printing. Roughness is minimized on vertical surfaces and increases on both upper and lower surfaces as angle increases. Accuracy within 40 μm is typical on well supported structures.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0920-3796</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7196</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112847</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Amsterdam: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Diameters ; Horizontal orientation ; Lasers ; Launchers ; Machining ; Melting ; Powder beds ; Printing ; Radio frequency ; Rapid prototyping ; Residual stress ; Walls</subject><ispartof>Fusion engineering and design, 2021-12, Vol.173 (C), p.112847, Article 112847</ispartof><rights>2021</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Dec 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-b95b1448e5cef67c4cc7953cea43c7997892a34007e800e4f6f12343d59b5333</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-b95b1448e5cef67c4cc7953cea43c7997892a34007e800e4f6f12343d59b5333</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7725-2981 ; 0000000277252981</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112847$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/1819240$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Seltzman, A.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wukitch, S.J.</creatorcontrib><title>Resolution and geometric limitations in laser powder bed fusion additively manufactured GRCop-84 structures for a lower hybrid current drive launcher</title><title>Fusion engineering and design</title><description>•Laser Powder Bed Fusion additive manufacturing enables rapid construction of lower hybrid launchers for fusion reactors.•Surface roughness depends on print angle, 45° overhangs do not require supports.•0.5 mm thick walls warp during the print process, 1 and 1.5 mm thick walls eliminates warping.•Sinusoidal motion of the build plate induced a 5 mm period 40 μm pk-pk surface waviness.•.Dimensional accuracy was within 40 μm, batch-to-batch variation was 10 μm.
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), also known as Selective Laser MeltingTM (SLMTM), allows additive manufacture of lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) Radio Frequency (RF) launchers from a new material, Glenn Research Copper 84 (GRCop-84), a Cr2Nb (8 at. % Cr, 4 at. % Nb) precipitation hardened alloy, in configurations unachievable with conventional machining. The resolution and geometric limitations are tested to explore the limitations of L-PBF printing of GRCop-84. Printing holes in the vertical and horizontal direction are examined to determine the minimum cooling channel diameter. Internal stress limits the minimum thickness of vertical walls and septa to 1 mm, thinner walls warp during printing. Roughness is minimized on vertical surfaces and increases on both upper and lower surfaces as angle increases. Accuracy within 40 μm is typical on well supported structures.</description><subject>Diameters</subject><subject>Horizontal orientation</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Launchers</subject><subject>Machining</subject><subject>Melting</subject><subject>Powder beds</subject><subject>Printing</subject><subject>Radio frequency</subject><subject>Rapid prototyping</subject><subject>Residual stress</subject><subject>Walls</subject><issn>0920-3796</issn><issn>1873-7196</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFUV1r3DAQFKWFXNP-hoj22Rd92bIew9GmgUAh5F3I0jqnwyddJTnhfkj_b-W45DWwsIt2ZnbEIHRFyZYS2l0ftuOcITw5yFtGGN1SynohP6AN7SVvJFXdR7QhipGGS9VdoM85HwihstYG_X2AHKe5-BiwCQ4_QTxCSd7iyR99McsiYx_wZDIkfIovrrYBHK5XX0nO-eKfYTrjownzaGyZU13fPuziqekFziXNr28ZjzFhg6f4UiX25yF5h-2cEoSCXaoa9cgc7B7SF_RpNFOGr__7JXr8-eNx96u5_317t7u5b6ygqjSDagcqRA-thbGTVlgrVcstGMHrpGSvmOGCEAk9ISDGbqSMC-5aNbSc80v0bZWNuXidrS9g9zaGALZo2lPFBKmg7yvolOKfGXLRhzinUG1p1jHRKaLogpIryqaYc4JRn5I_mnTWlOglJ33QbznpJSe95lSZNysT6kefPaTFCAQLzqfFh4v-XY1_hYCicQ</recordid><startdate>202112</startdate><enddate>202112</enddate><creator>Seltzman, A.H.</creator><creator>Wukitch, S.J.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7725-2981</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000277252981</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>202112</creationdate><title>Resolution and geometric limitations in laser powder bed fusion additively manufactured GRCop-84 structures for a lower hybrid current drive launcher</title><author>Seltzman, A.H. ; Wukitch, S.J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c419t-b95b1448e5cef67c4cc7953cea43c7997892a34007e800e4f6f12343d59b5333</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Diameters</topic><topic>Horizontal orientation</topic><topic>Lasers</topic><topic>Launchers</topic><topic>Machining</topic><topic>Melting</topic><topic>Powder beds</topic><topic>Printing</topic><topic>Radio frequency</topic><topic>Rapid prototyping</topic><topic>Residual stress</topic><topic>Walls</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Seltzman, A.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wukitch, S.J.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Fusion engineering and design</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Seltzman, A.H.</au><au>Wukitch, S.J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Resolution and geometric limitations in laser powder bed fusion additively manufactured GRCop-84 structures for a lower hybrid current drive launcher</atitle><jtitle>Fusion engineering and design</jtitle><date>2021-12</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>173</volume><issue>C</issue><spage>112847</spage><pages>112847-</pages><artnum>112847</artnum><issn>0920-3796</issn><eissn>1873-7196</eissn><abstract>•Laser Powder Bed Fusion additive manufacturing enables rapid construction of lower hybrid launchers for fusion reactors.•Surface roughness depends on print angle, 45° overhangs do not require supports.•0.5 mm thick walls warp during the print process, 1 and 1.5 mm thick walls eliminates warping.•Sinusoidal motion of the build plate induced a 5 mm period 40 μm pk-pk surface waviness.•.Dimensional accuracy was within 40 μm, batch-to-batch variation was 10 μm.
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF), also known as Selective Laser MeltingTM (SLMTM), allows additive manufacture of lower hybrid current drive (LHCD) Radio Frequency (RF) launchers from a new material, Glenn Research Copper 84 (GRCop-84), a Cr2Nb (8 at. % Cr, 4 at. % Nb) precipitation hardened alloy, in configurations unachievable with conventional machining. The resolution and geometric limitations are tested to explore the limitations of L-PBF printing of GRCop-84. Printing holes in the vertical and horizontal direction are examined to determine the minimum cooling channel diameter. Internal stress limits the minimum thickness of vertical walls and septa to 1 mm, thinner walls warp during printing. Roughness is minimized on vertical surfaces and increases on both upper and lower surfaces as angle increases. Accuracy within 40 μm is typical on well supported structures.</abstract><cop>Amsterdam</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112847</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7725-2981</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000277252981</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
fulltext | fulltext |
identifier | ISSN: 0920-3796 |
ispartof | Fusion engineering and design, 2021-12, Vol.173 (C), p.112847, Article 112847 |
issn | 0920-3796 1873-7196 |
language | eng |
recordid | cdi_osti_scitechconnect_1819240 |
source | ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present) |
subjects | Diameters Horizontal orientation Lasers Launchers Machining Melting Powder beds Printing Radio frequency Rapid prototyping Residual stress Walls |
title | Resolution and geometric limitations in laser powder bed fusion additively manufactured GRCop-84 structures for a lower hybrid current drive launcher |
url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-06T20%3A23%3A13IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_osti_&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Resolution%20and%20geometric%20limitations%20in%20laser%20powder%20bed%20fusion%20additively%20manufactured%20GRCop-84%20structures%20for%20a%20lower%20hybrid%20current%20drive%20launcher&rft.jtitle=Fusion%20engineering%20and%20design&rft.au=Seltzman,%20A.H.&rft.date=2021-12&rft.volume=173&rft.issue=C&rft.spage=112847&rft.pages=112847-&rft.artnum=112847&rft.issn=0920-3796&rft.eissn=1873-7196&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112847&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_osti_%3E2624690910%3C/proquest_osti_%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2624690910&rft_id=info:pmid/&rft_els_id=S0920379621006232&rfr_iscdi=true |