Experimental study of flash boiling spray with isooctane, hexane, ethanol and their binary mixtures
•The spray flash boiling of three component fuels (isooctane, hexane, and ethanol) were studied.•Adding ethanol or hexane to isooctane both promote flash boiling.•Droplet size continuously decreased as the percentage of hexane increased.•Spray collapse for all fuels occurred when the pressure ratio...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Fuel (Guildford) 2021-05, Vol.292 (C), p.120415, Article 120415 |
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| creator | Yan, Junhao Gao, Suya Liu, Wenchuan Chen, Tairan Lee, Timothy H. Lee, Chia-Fon |
| description | •The spray flash boiling of three component fuels (isooctane, hexane, and ethanol) were studied.•Adding ethanol or hexane to isooctane both promote flash boiling.•Droplet size continuously decreased as the percentage of hexane increased.•Spray collapse for all fuels occurred when the pressure ratio of ambient to saturation pressure dropped below 0.3.
The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of fuel properties on flash boiling sprays using multi-hole injectors. Macroscopic characteristics were investigated using Diffused Backlight Imaging (DBI) and quantified with liquid penetration length and spray angles. Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) was applied to measure the droplet size and velocity. Behaviors of spray with three single-component fuels (isooctane, hexane, ethanol) under different ambient pressures (100 kPa, 80 kPa, 50 kPa, 22 kPa) as well as their binary mixtures under different blend ratios (10%, 30%, 85%) were reported and analyzed. The results showed that adding ethanol or hexane to isooctane could both promote flash boiling by increasing the overall vapor pressure thus superheated degree. Under mixing ratios of 10% and 30%, sprays with ethanol blends showed more severe flash boiling comparing with sprays with hexane blends. Shorter liquid penetration and better liquid dispersion have been observed. Comparing with isooctane spray, the droplet size continuously decreased with increasing hexane content due to enhanced breakup and faster vaporization. Sprays with ethanol mixtures showed a different trend. Noticeable droplet size reduction has been observed for spray with 10% ethanol content. However, droplet size did not further decrease with higher blend ratios regardless of higher flash boiling intensity. Such observations indicate severe vaporization inhibition caused by the high latent heat of vaporization of ethanol. For sprays with all test fuels, collapsing occurred when the pressure ratio of ambient pressure to saturation pressure (Rp) dropped below 0.3. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120415 |
| format | Article |
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The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of fuel properties on flash boiling sprays using multi-hole injectors. Macroscopic characteristics were investigated using Diffused Backlight Imaging (DBI) and quantified with liquid penetration length and spray angles. Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) was applied to measure the droplet size and velocity. Behaviors of spray with three single-component fuels (isooctane, hexane, ethanol) under different ambient pressures (100 kPa, 80 kPa, 50 kPa, 22 kPa) as well as their binary mixtures under different blend ratios (10%, 30%, 85%) were reported and analyzed. The results showed that adding ethanol or hexane to isooctane could both promote flash boiling by increasing the overall vapor pressure thus superheated degree. Under mixing ratios of 10% and 30%, sprays with ethanol blends showed more severe flash boiling comparing with sprays with hexane blends. Shorter liquid penetration and better liquid dispersion have been observed. Comparing with isooctane spray, the droplet size continuously decreased with increasing hexane content due to enhanced breakup and faster vaporization. Sprays with ethanol mixtures showed a different trend. Noticeable droplet size reduction has been observed for spray with 10% ethanol content. However, droplet size did not further decrease with higher blend ratios regardless of higher flash boiling intensity. Such observations indicate severe vaporization inhibition caused by the high latent heat of vaporization of ethanol. For sprays with all test fuels, collapsing occurred when the pressure ratio of ambient pressure to saturation pressure (Rp) dropped below 0.3.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0016-2361</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7153</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120415</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Backlights ; Binary mixtures ; Boiling ; Droplet size ; Droplets ; Ethanol ; Flash boiling spray ; Fuels ; Heat of vaporization ; Hexanes ; Isooctane ; Latent heat ; Mixing ratio ; Mixtures ; Multi-component fuel ; Penetration ; Phase Doppler Anemometer ; Pressure ; Pressure ratio ; Size reduction ; Spray collapse ; Sprays ; Vapor pressure ; Vaporization ; Velocity measurement</subject><ispartof>Fuel (Guildford), 2021-05, Vol.292 (C), p.120415, Article 120415</ispartof><rights>2021 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV May 15, 2021</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c399t-a887f6303be5e56b047a4d5a9ba72f99cb35ecce17c5e393223edc21b2bfe4db3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c399t-a887f6303be5e56b047a4d5a9ba72f99cb35ecce17c5e393223edc21b2bfe4db3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120415$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3548,27922,27923,45993</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/1775779$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yan, Junhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Suya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wenchuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Tairan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Timothy H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Chia-Fon</creatorcontrib><title>Experimental study of flash boiling spray with isooctane, hexane, ethanol and their binary mixtures</title><title>Fuel (Guildford)</title><description>•The spray flash boiling of three component fuels (isooctane, hexane, and ethanol) were studied.•Adding ethanol or hexane to isooctane both promote flash boiling.•Droplet size continuously decreased as the percentage of hexane increased.•Spray collapse for all fuels occurred when the pressure ratio of ambient to saturation pressure dropped below 0.3.
The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of fuel properties on flash boiling sprays using multi-hole injectors. Macroscopic characteristics were investigated using Diffused Backlight Imaging (DBI) and quantified with liquid penetration length and spray angles. Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) was applied to measure the droplet size and velocity. Behaviors of spray with three single-component fuels (isooctane, hexane, ethanol) under different ambient pressures (100 kPa, 80 kPa, 50 kPa, 22 kPa) as well as their binary mixtures under different blend ratios (10%, 30%, 85%) were reported and analyzed. The results showed that adding ethanol or hexane to isooctane could both promote flash boiling by increasing the overall vapor pressure thus superheated degree. Under mixing ratios of 10% and 30%, sprays with ethanol blends showed more severe flash boiling comparing with sprays with hexane blends. Shorter liquid penetration and better liquid dispersion have been observed. Comparing with isooctane spray, the droplet size continuously decreased with increasing hexane content due to enhanced breakup and faster vaporization. Sprays with ethanol mixtures showed a different trend. Noticeable droplet size reduction has been observed for spray with 10% ethanol content. However, droplet size did not further decrease with higher blend ratios regardless of higher flash boiling intensity. Such observations indicate severe vaporization inhibition caused by the high latent heat of vaporization of ethanol. For sprays with all test fuels, collapsing occurred when the pressure ratio of ambient pressure to saturation pressure (Rp) dropped below 0.3.</description><subject>Backlights</subject><subject>Binary mixtures</subject><subject>Boiling</subject><subject>Droplet size</subject><subject>Droplets</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Flash boiling spray</subject><subject>Fuels</subject><subject>Heat of vaporization</subject><subject>Hexanes</subject><subject>Isooctane</subject><subject>Latent heat</subject><subject>Mixing ratio</subject><subject>Mixtures</subject><subject>Multi-component fuel</subject><subject>Penetration</subject><subject>Phase Doppler Anemometer</subject><subject>Pressure</subject><subject>Pressure ratio</subject><subject>Size reduction</subject><subject>Spray collapse</subject><subject>Sprays</subject><subject>Vapor pressure</subject><subject>Vaporization</subject><subject>Velocity measurement</subject><issn>0016-2361</issn><issn>1873-7153</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2021</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kEtLxDAUhYMoOD7-gKugWzvm0UxacCPiCwQ3ug5Jemsz1GRMUp3597bWtauz-c7l3A-hM0qWlNDV1XrZDtAvGWF0SRkpqdhDC1pJXkgq-D5akJEqGF_RQ3SU0poQIitRLpC9224gug_wWfc45aHZ4dDittepwya43vl3nDZR7_C3yx12KQSbtYdL3MH2NyF32ocea9_g3IGL2Div4w5_uG0eIqQTdNDqPsHpXx6jt_u719vH4vnl4en25rmwvK5zoatKtitOuAEBYmVIKXXZCF0bLVlb19ZwAdYClVYArzljHBrLqGGmhbIx_Bidz3dDyk4l6zLYzgbvwWZFpRRS1iN0MUObGD4HSFmtwxD9uEsxQauSUVnSkWIzZWNIKUKrNqOk8SlFiZqMq7WajKvJuJqNj6XruQTjk18O4rQBvIXGxWlCE9x_9R-1lYrR</recordid><startdate>20210515</startdate><enddate>20210515</enddate><creator>Yan, Junhao</creator><creator>Gao, Suya</creator><creator>Liu, Wenchuan</creator><creator>Chen, Tairan</creator><creator>Lee, Timothy H.</creator><creator>Lee, Chia-Fon</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20210515</creationdate><title>Experimental study of flash boiling spray with isooctane, hexane, ethanol and their binary mixtures</title><author>Yan, Junhao ; Gao, Suya ; Liu, Wenchuan ; Chen, Tairan ; Lee, Timothy H. ; Lee, Chia-Fon</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c399t-a887f6303be5e56b047a4d5a9ba72f99cb35ecce17c5e393223edc21b2bfe4db3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2021</creationdate><topic>Backlights</topic><topic>Binary mixtures</topic><topic>Boiling</topic><topic>Droplet size</topic><topic>Droplets</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Flash boiling spray</topic><topic>Fuels</topic><topic>Heat of vaporization</topic><topic>Hexanes</topic><topic>Isooctane</topic><topic>Latent heat</topic><topic>Mixing ratio</topic><topic>Mixtures</topic><topic>Multi-component fuel</topic><topic>Penetration</topic><topic>Phase Doppler Anemometer</topic><topic>Pressure</topic><topic>Pressure ratio</topic><topic>Size reduction</topic><topic>Spray collapse</topic><topic>Sprays</topic><topic>Vapor pressure</topic><topic>Vaporization</topic><topic>Velocity measurement</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yan, Junhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gao, Suya</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Wenchuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Tairan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Timothy H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Chia-Fon</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Fuel (Guildford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yan, Junhao</au><au>Gao, Suya</au><au>Liu, Wenchuan</au><au>Chen, Tairan</au><au>Lee, Timothy H.</au><au>Lee, Chia-Fon</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Experimental study of flash boiling spray with isooctane, hexane, ethanol and their binary mixtures</atitle><jtitle>Fuel (Guildford)</jtitle><date>2021-05-15</date><risdate>2021</risdate><volume>292</volume><issue>C</issue><spage>120415</spage><pages>120415-</pages><artnum>120415</artnum><issn>0016-2361</issn><eissn>1873-7153</eissn><abstract>•The spray flash boiling of three component fuels (isooctane, hexane, and ethanol) were studied.•Adding ethanol or hexane to isooctane both promote flash boiling.•Droplet size continuously decreased as the percentage of hexane increased.•Spray collapse for all fuels occurred when the pressure ratio of ambient to saturation pressure dropped below 0.3.
The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of fuel properties on flash boiling sprays using multi-hole injectors. Macroscopic characteristics were investigated using Diffused Backlight Imaging (DBI) and quantified with liquid penetration length and spray angles. Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) was applied to measure the droplet size and velocity. Behaviors of spray with three single-component fuels (isooctane, hexane, ethanol) under different ambient pressures (100 kPa, 80 kPa, 50 kPa, 22 kPa) as well as their binary mixtures under different blend ratios (10%, 30%, 85%) were reported and analyzed. The results showed that adding ethanol or hexane to isooctane could both promote flash boiling by increasing the overall vapor pressure thus superheated degree. Under mixing ratios of 10% and 30%, sprays with ethanol blends showed more severe flash boiling comparing with sprays with hexane blends. Shorter liquid penetration and better liquid dispersion have been observed. Comparing with isooctane spray, the droplet size continuously decreased with increasing hexane content due to enhanced breakup and faster vaporization. Sprays with ethanol mixtures showed a different trend. Noticeable droplet size reduction has been observed for spray with 10% ethanol content. However, droplet size did not further decrease with higher blend ratios regardless of higher flash boiling intensity. Such observations indicate severe vaporization inhibition caused by the high latent heat of vaporization of ethanol. For sprays with all test fuels, collapsing occurred when the pressure ratio of ambient pressure to saturation pressure (Rp) dropped below 0.3.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.fuel.2021.120415</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Fuel (Guildford), 2021-05, Vol.292 (C), p.120415, Article 120415 |
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| source | ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present) |
| subjects | Backlights Binary mixtures Boiling Droplet size Droplets Ethanol Flash boiling spray Fuels Heat of vaporization Hexanes Isooctane Latent heat Mixing ratio Mixtures Multi-component fuel Penetration Phase Doppler Anemometer Pressure Pressure ratio Size reduction Spray collapse Sprays Vapor pressure Vaporization Velocity measurement |
| title | Experimental study of flash boiling spray with isooctane, hexane, ethanol and their binary mixtures |
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