Influence of spatial dispersion on spectral tuning of phonon-polaritons
The field of nanophotonics has long sought to identify mechanisms to realize dynamical control of optical modes. In most approaches, the magnitude of tuning is dependent upon the degree to which the optical permittivity is malleable upon some material change, such as carrier concentration. Here, thr...
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description | The field of nanophotonics has long sought to identify mechanisms to realize dynamical control of optical modes. In most approaches, the magnitude of tuning is dependent upon the degree to which the optical permittivity is malleable upon some material change, such as carrier concentration. Here, through a multiwavelength Raman spectroscopic examination of 4H-SiC nanopillars, momentum is identified as an alternative means to enhance spectral tunability of nanophotonic modes, owing to the spatial dispersion implicit in the infrared (IR) optical permittivity of polar semiconductors. Experimentally, this is deduced through the observation of a "forbidden" Raman mode at ≈780cm−1 and the emergence of the surface-optical phonon polariton at ≈950 cm−1, which evolved with intensities dependent upon the nanopillar diameter and the wavelength of the incident light. The evolution of these modes is accompanied by a redshift and spectral narrowing of the longitudinal-optical plasmon coupled (LOPC) mode exhibiting a similar wavelength and diameter dependence. Mie resonances, identified using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and excited by the visible laser excitation of the Raman experiment, acted to vary the momentum sampled during the Raman experiment leading to these spectral dependencies. This was deduced by fitting the Raman response accounting for both the presence of the surface phonon and the overdamped LOPC mode under the Lindhard-Mermin approximation. This fitting not only explains the Raman response, but also clearly exhibits the spatially disperse permittivity of the SiC, which is shown to have a momentum-dependent sensitivity to carrier concentration. Such sensitivity, in turn, highlights the potential of spatial dispersion as a means to accentuate the performance of active IR nanophotonic approaches employing phonon polaritons. |
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(SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)</creatorcontrib><description>The field of nanophotonics has long sought to identify mechanisms to realize dynamical control of optical modes. In most approaches, the magnitude of tuning is dependent upon the degree to which the optical permittivity is malleable upon some material change, such as carrier concentration. Here, through a multiwavelength Raman spectroscopic examination of 4H-SiC nanopillars, momentum is identified as an alternative means to enhance spectral tunability of nanophotonic modes, owing to the spatial dispersion implicit in the infrared (IR) optical permittivity of polar semiconductors. Experimentally, this is deduced through the observation of a "forbidden" Raman mode at ≈780cm−1 and the emergence of the surface-optical phonon polariton at ≈950 cm−1, which evolved with intensities dependent upon the nanopillar diameter and the wavelength of the incident light. The evolution of these modes is accompanied by a redshift and spectral narrowing of the longitudinal-optical plasmon coupled (LOPC) mode exhibiting a similar wavelength and diameter dependence. Mie resonances, identified using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and excited by the visible laser excitation of the Raman experiment, acted to vary the momentum sampled during the Raman experiment leading to these spectral dependencies. This was deduced by fitting the Raman response accounting for both the presence of the surface phonon and the overdamped LOPC mode under the Lindhard-Mermin approximation. This fitting not only explains the Raman response, but also clearly exhibits the spatially disperse permittivity of the SiC, which is shown to have a momentum-dependent sensitivity to carrier concentration. Such sensitivity, in turn, highlights the potential of spatial dispersion as a means to accentuate the performance of active IR nanophotonic approaches employing phonon polaritons.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2469-9950</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2469-9969</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.100.205419</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>College Park: American Physical Society</publisher><subject>Carrier density ; CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY ; Coupled modes ; Evolution ; Excitation spectra ; Incident light ; Momentum ; Nanophotonics ; Permittivity ; phonon polariton ; Phonons ; Polaritons ; Raman spectroscopy ; Red shift ; Sensitivity ; Tuning</subject><ispartof>Physical review. 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(SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)</creatorcontrib><title>Influence of spatial dispersion on spectral tuning of phonon-polaritons</title><title>Physical review. B</title><description>The field of nanophotonics has long sought to identify mechanisms to realize dynamical control of optical modes. In most approaches, the magnitude of tuning is dependent upon the degree to which the optical permittivity is malleable upon some material change, such as carrier concentration. Here, through a multiwavelength Raman spectroscopic examination of 4H-SiC nanopillars, momentum is identified as an alternative means to enhance spectral tunability of nanophotonic modes, owing to the spatial dispersion implicit in the infrared (IR) optical permittivity of polar semiconductors. Experimentally, this is deduced through the observation of a "forbidden" Raman mode at ≈780cm−1 and the emergence of the surface-optical phonon polariton at ≈950 cm−1, which evolved with intensities dependent upon the nanopillar diameter and the wavelength of the incident light. The evolution of these modes is accompanied by a redshift and spectral narrowing of the longitudinal-optical plasmon coupled (LOPC) mode exhibiting a similar wavelength and diameter dependence. Mie resonances, identified using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and excited by the visible laser excitation of the Raman experiment, acted to vary the momentum sampled during the Raman experiment leading to these spectral dependencies. This was deduced by fitting the Raman response accounting for both the presence of the surface phonon and the overdamped LOPC mode under the Lindhard-Mermin approximation. This fitting not only explains the Raman response, but also clearly exhibits the spatially disperse permittivity of the SiC, which is shown to have a momentum-dependent sensitivity to carrier concentration. Such sensitivity, in turn, highlights the potential of spatial dispersion as a means to accentuate the performance of active IR nanophotonic approaches employing phonon polaritons.</description><subject>Carrier density</subject><subject>CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY</subject><subject>Coupled modes</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Excitation spectra</subject><subject>Incident light</subject><subject>Momentum</subject><subject>Nanophotonics</subject><subject>Permittivity</subject><subject>phonon polariton</subject><subject>Phonons</subject><subject>Polaritons</subject><subject>Raman spectroscopy</subject><subject>Red shift</subject><subject>Sensitivity</subject><subject>Tuning</subject><issn>2469-9950</issn><issn>2469-9969</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2019</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNo9kF9LwzAUxYMoOHSfwJeiz503TZM2jzp0DgaK6HPo8sdl1KQmqbBvb0ZVuHAOhx-Xw0HoCsMCYyC3L7tDfNXf9wsMsKiA1pifoFlVM15yzvjpv6dwjuYx7gEAM-AN8BlarZ3pR-2kLrwp4tAl2_WFsnHQIVrvinzZyxRynEZn3ccRHHbeeVcOvu-CTd7FS3Rmuj7q-a9eoPfHh7flU7l5Xq2Xd5tSEs5TyRXjW2NqhQ02tK4w7bRRVNbKMCapqVRTg8EtI9BuG0w63KmKGNUqk4UpcoGup78-JiuitEnLnfTO5YoCNwwIZRm6maAh-K9RxyT2fgwu9xIVqQjQtoU2U2SiZPAxBm3EEOxnFw4CgzguK_6WzQGIaVnyAyaDbi8</recordid><startdate>20191120</startdate><enddate>20191120</enddate><creator>Beechem, Thomas E.</creator><creator>Saltonstall, Christopher B.</creator><creator>Gilbert, Tristan</creator><creator>Matson, Joseph</creator><creator>Ugwu, Fabian</creator><creator>Kasica, Richard</creator><creator>Bezares, Francisco J.</creator><creator>Valentine, Jason</creator><creator>Caldwell, Joshua D.</creator><general>American Physical Society</general><general>American Physical Society (APS)</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>OIOZB</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7536-0719</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000275360719</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20191120</creationdate><title>Influence of spatial dispersion on spectral tuning of phonon-polaritons</title><author>Beechem, Thomas E. ; Saltonstall, Christopher B. ; Gilbert, Tristan ; Matson, Joseph ; Ugwu, Fabian ; Kasica, Richard ; Bezares, Francisco J. ; Valentine, Jason ; Caldwell, Joshua D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c399t-9d69bff4d1f1f54215aefd5c4df66c5f2d740f186308b713a1ad23fd8df23f6d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2019</creationdate><topic>Carrier density</topic><topic>CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY</topic><topic>Coupled modes</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Excitation spectra</topic><topic>Incident light</topic><topic>Momentum</topic><topic>Nanophotonics</topic><topic>Permittivity</topic><topic>phonon polariton</topic><topic>Phonons</topic><topic>Polaritons</topic><topic>Raman spectroscopy</topic><topic>Red shift</topic><topic>Sensitivity</topic><topic>Tuning</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Beechem, Thomas E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saltonstall, Christopher B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gilbert, Tristan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matson, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ugwu, Fabian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kasica, Richard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bezares, Francisco J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valentine, Jason</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caldwell, Joshua D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sandia National Lab. 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(SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of spatial dispersion on spectral tuning of phonon-polaritons</atitle><jtitle>Physical review. B</jtitle><date>2019-11-20</date><risdate>2019</risdate><volume>100</volume><issue>20</issue><spage>1</spage><pages>1-</pages><artnum>205419</artnum><issn>2469-9950</issn><eissn>2469-9969</eissn><abstract>The field of nanophotonics has long sought to identify mechanisms to realize dynamical control of optical modes. In most approaches, the magnitude of tuning is dependent upon the degree to which the optical permittivity is malleable upon some material change, such as carrier concentration. Here, through a multiwavelength Raman spectroscopic examination of 4H-SiC nanopillars, momentum is identified as an alternative means to enhance spectral tunability of nanophotonic modes, owing to the spatial dispersion implicit in the infrared (IR) optical permittivity of polar semiconductors. Experimentally, this is deduced through the observation of a "forbidden" Raman mode at ≈780cm−1 and the emergence of the surface-optical phonon polariton at ≈950 cm−1, which evolved with intensities dependent upon the nanopillar diameter and the wavelength of the incident light. The evolution of these modes is accompanied by a redshift and spectral narrowing of the longitudinal-optical plasmon coupled (LOPC) mode exhibiting a similar wavelength and diameter dependence. Mie resonances, identified using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and excited by the visible laser excitation of the Raman experiment, acted to vary the momentum sampled during the Raman experiment leading to these spectral dependencies. This was deduced by fitting the Raman response accounting for both the presence of the surface phonon and the overdamped LOPC mode under the Lindhard-Mermin approximation. This fitting not only explains the Raman response, but also clearly exhibits the spatially disperse permittivity of the SiC, which is shown to have a momentum-dependent sensitivity to carrier concentration. 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subjects | Carrier density CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY Coupled modes Evolution Excitation spectra Incident light Momentum Nanophotonics Permittivity phonon polariton Phonons Polaritons Raman spectroscopy Red shift Sensitivity Tuning |
title | Influence of spatial dispersion on spectral tuning of phonon-polaritons |
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