Electro-strengthening of the additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy
Structure-property-processing relationship has been studied in additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The processing was performed using in-situ electron microscope (EM) at a moderate current density of 5 × 105 A/cm2 applied for 5 min, and by suppressing Joule heating with massive heat sinks such...
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creator | Waryoba, Daudi Islam, Zahabul Reutzel, Ted Haque, Aman |
description | Structure-property-processing relationship has been studied in additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The processing was performed using in-situ electron microscope (EM) at a moderate current density of 5 × 105 A/cm2 applied for 5 min, and by suppressing Joule heating with massive heat sinks such that the temperature rise was |
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The processing was performed using in-situ electron microscope (EM) at a moderate current density of 5 × 105 A/cm2 applied for 5 min, and by suppressing Joule heating with massive heat sinks such that the temperature rise was <180 °C and the mechanical properties were not compromised. The results show that while the grain size increased by ~15%, the nanohardness increased by 16%. This is attributed to the pronounced dislocation generation, regeneration, and clustering as well as defect healing. Ultimately, there is a reduction in the residual strain and a significant increase in the intrinsic strength as evidenced by the high Taylor factor of the electric current processed specimen. This novel processing technique represents an alternative pathway for active controlling of microstructure and internal defects for parts that might be sensitive to high-temperature processing or conventional methods.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0921-5093</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-4936</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2020.140062</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>LAUSANNE: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Active control ; Additive manufacturing ; Clustering ; Crystal defects ; Electric current processing ; Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) ; Grain size ; Heat sinks ; High temperature ; Materials Science ; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary ; Mechanical properties ; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering ; Nanohardness ; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology ; Ohmic dissipation ; Regeneration ; Resistance heating ; Schmid factor ; Science & Technology ; Science & Technology - Other Topics ; Taylor factor ; Technology ; Titanium base alloys ; Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)</subject><ispartof>Materials science & engineering. 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A, Structural materials : properties, microstructure and processing</title><addtitle>MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT</addtitle><description>Structure-property-processing relationship has been studied in additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The processing was performed using in-situ electron microscope (EM) at a moderate current density of 5 × 105 A/cm2 applied for 5 min, and by suppressing Joule heating with massive heat sinks such that the temperature rise was <180 °C and the mechanical properties were not compromised. The results show that while the grain size increased by ~15%, the nanohardness increased by 16%. This is attributed to the pronounced dislocation generation, regeneration, and clustering as well as defect healing. Ultimately, there is a reduction in the residual strain and a significant increase in the intrinsic strength as evidenced by the high Taylor factor of the electric current processed specimen. This novel processing technique represents an alternative pathway for active controlling of microstructure and internal defects for parts that might be sensitive to high-temperature processing or conventional methods.</description><subject>Active control</subject><subject>Additive manufacturing</subject><subject>Clustering</subject><subject>Crystal defects</subject><subject>Electric current processing</subject><subject>Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD)</subject><subject>Grain size</subject><subject>Heat sinks</subject><subject>High temperature</subject><subject>Materials Science</subject><subject>Materials Science, Multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering</subject><subject>Nanohardness</subject><subject>Nanoscience & Nanotechnology</subject><subject>Ohmic dissipation</subject><subject>Regeneration</subject><subject>Resistance heating</subject><subject>Schmid factor</subject><subject>Science & Technology</subject><subject>Science & Technology - Other Topics</subject><subject>Taylor factor</subject><subject>Technology</subject><subject>Titanium base alloys</subject><subject>Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)</subject><issn>0921-5093</issn><issn>1873-4936</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2020</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>AOWDO</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkM1qFTEYhoMoeKzegKtBlzLH_GcG3JRDbYVCN223IZP50uYwJ6lJpnJ23oN36JU0wxSX0k0SwvMm7_cg9JHgLcFEft1vDxnMlmJaLzjGkr5CG9Ip1vKeyddog3tKWoF79ha9y3mPMa6Y2KCLswlsSbHNJUG4K_cQfLhromvqsTHj6It_hOnYHEyYnbFlTjA21_7v7z_ydKorv23MNMXje_TGmSnDh-f9BN18P7veXbSXV-c_dqeXreVSlFaS0VAANZoeVK8kBxgIHoQx3MnBSjEwZRgMdQLmqMKu9ldUOKaw7Yzk7AR9Wt-NuXidrS9g720MoY6hiRRY9rJCn1foIcWfM-Si93FOofbSlHeS9LwnrFJ0pWyKOSdw-iH5g0lHTbBetOq9XrTqRatetdbQlzX0C4bo6v8QLPwLVq-iU1QqgRfFle5eTu98McXHsItzKDX6bY1CtfnoIenn-OjTMusY_f96PgHaNqHo</recordid><startdate>20201104</startdate><enddate>20201104</enddate><creator>Waryoba, Daudi</creator><creator>Islam, Zahabul</creator><creator>Reutzel, Ted</creator><creator>Haque, Aman</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><scope>AOWDO</scope><scope>BLEPL</scope><scope>DTL</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6961-3209</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20201104</creationdate><title>Electro-strengthening of the additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy</title><author>Waryoba, Daudi ; Islam, Zahabul ; Reutzel, Ted ; Haque, Aman</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c465t-61da2ee7da9e79764eeb10b5aa4f6bc65b37a3eb0623f270f493725f370c8a643</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2020</creationdate><topic>Active control</topic><topic>Additive manufacturing</topic><topic>Clustering</topic><topic>Crystal defects</topic><topic>Electric current processing</topic><topic>Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD)</topic><topic>Grain size</topic><topic>Heat sinks</topic><topic>High temperature</topic><topic>Materials Science</topic><topic>Materials Science, Multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering</topic><topic>Nanohardness</topic><topic>Nanoscience & Nanotechnology</topic><topic>Ohmic dissipation</topic><topic>Regeneration</topic><topic>Resistance heating</topic><topic>Schmid factor</topic><topic>Science & Technology</topic><topic>Science & Technology - Other Topics</topic><topic>Taylor factor</topic><topic>Technology</topic><topic>Titanium base alloys</topic><topic>Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Waryoba, Daudi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Islam, Zahabul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reutzel, Ted</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haque, Aman</creatorcontrib><collection>Web of Science - Science Citation Index Expanded - 2020</collection><collection>Web of Science Core Collection</collection><collection>Science Citation Index Expanded</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Materials science & engineering. A, Structural materials : properties, microstructure and processing</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Waryoba, Daudi</au><au>Islam, Zahabul</au><au>Reutzel, Ted</au><au>Haque, Aman</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Electro-strengthening of the additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy</atitle><jtitle>Materials science & engineering. A, Structural materials : properties, microstructure and processing</jtitle><stitle>MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT</stitle><date>2020-11-04</date><risdate>2020</risdate><volume>798</volume><issue>C</issue><spage>140062</spage><pages>140062-</pages><artnum>140062</artnum><issn>0921-5093</issn><eissn>1873-4936</eissn><abstract>Structure-property-processing relationship has been studied in additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The processing was performed using in-situ electron microscope (EM) at a moderate current density of 5 × 105 A/cm2 applied for 5 min, and by suppressing Joule heating with massive heat sinks such that the temperature rise was <180 °C and the mechanical properties were not compromised. The results show that while the grain size increased by ~15%, the nanohardness increased by 16%. This is attributed to the pronounced dislocation generation, regeneration, and clustering as well as defect healing. Ultimately, there is a reduction in the residual strain and a significant increase in the intrinsic strength as evidenced by the high Taylor factor of the electric current processed specimen. 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subjects | Active control Additive manufacturing Clustering Crystal defects Electric current processing Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) Grain size Heat sinks High temperature Materials Science Materials Science, Multidisciplinary Mechanical properties Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering Nanohardness Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Ohmic dissipation Regeneration Resistance heating Schmid factor Science & Technology Science & Technology - Other Topics Taylor factor Technology Titanium base alloys Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) |
title | Electro-strengthening of the additively manufactured Ti–6Al–4V alloy |
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