A Modeling Study of Direct and Indirect N2O Emissions From a Representative Catchment in the U.S. Corn Belt
Indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from drainage ditches and headwater streams are poorly constrained. Few studies have monitored stream N2O emissions and fewer modeling studies have been conducted to simulate stream N2O emissions. In this study, we developed direct and indirect N2O emission mod...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water resources research 2018-05, Vol.54 (5), p.3632-3653 |
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| creator | Fu, Congsheng Lee, Xuhui Griffis, Timothy J. Baker, John M. Turner, Peter A. |
| description | Indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from drainage ditches and headwater streams are poorly constrained. Few studies have monitored stream N2O emissions and fewer modeling studies have been conducted to simulate stream N2O emissions. In this study, we developed direct and indirect N2O emission modules and a corresponding calibration module for use in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, and implemented the expanded SWAT model (termed SWAT‐N2O) to a representative fourth‐stream‐order catchment (210 km2) and six first‐order stream catchments (0.22–1.83 km2) in southeastern Minnesota. We simulated the spatial and temporal fluctuations of the indirect emissions from streams, identified emission “hot spots” and “hot moments,” and diagnosed the correlations between direct and indirect emissions. We showed that zero‐order streams and first‐order streams could contribute 0.034–0.066 and 0.011 nmol N2O m−2 s−1 (expressed on the basis of unit catchment area) to the total surface emissions, respectively. Emissions from zero‐order and first‐order streams equal 24–41% of direct emissions from soil, which may explain the emission gap between calculations using top‐down and bottom‐up methods. Clear spatial patterns were identified for both direct and indirect emissions and their spatial variations were negatively correlated. Our results suggest that the IPCC N2O emission factor for streams in the Corn Belt should be increased by 3.2–5.7 times. Increasing precipitation and streamflow in the Corn Belt may potentially increase frequencies of soil anoxic conditions and nitrate leaching to streams, and subsequently increase N2O emissions from both soils and streams.
Key Points
Zero‐order streams are N2O emission hot spots in the Corn Belt
The IPCC N2O emission factor for streams in the Corn Belt should be increased by 3.2–5.7 times
Increasing precipitation and streamflow in the Corn Belt may potentially increase N2O emissions from both soils and streams |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1029/2017WR022108 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_osti_</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_osti_scitechconnect_1544286</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2061248236</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-o2929-4212e7a7cc9388e76c47e494538e07cb344d9e5bddb2bea9693fee60244a454d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpNkE1LAzEYhIMoWKs3f0DQ89Z8vLvZHHX9BD-gWnoMafatjbZJ3aRK_70t9eBpGHgYZoaQU84GnAl9IRhX4yETgrN6j_S4BiiUVnKf9BgDWXCp1SE5SumDMQ5lpXrk85I-xRbnPrzT17xq1zRO6bXv0GVqQ0sfQrszz-KF3ix8Sj6GRG-7uKCWDnHZYcKQbfbfSBub3WyxsdQHmmdIR4PXAW1iF-gVzvMxOZjaecKTP-2T0e3NW3NfPL7cPTSXj0UUWugCBBeorHJOy7pGVTlQCBpKWSNTbiIBWo3lpG0nYoJWV1pOESsmACyU0Mo-OdvlxpS9Sc5ndDMXQ9jsMLwEEHW1gc530LKLXytM2XzEVRc2vYxgFRdQC7ml5I768XNcm2XnF7ZbG87M9nDz_3AzHjZDIaXU8hepEHKe</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2061248236</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>A Modeling Study of Direct and Indirect N2O Emissions From a Representative Catchment in the U.S. Corn Belt</title><source>Access via Wiley Online Library</source><source>Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Library</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><creator>Fu, Congsheng ; Lee, Xuhui ; Griffis, Timothy J. ; Baker, John M. ; Turner, Peter A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Fu, Congsheng ; Lee, Xuhui ; Griffis, Timothy J. ; Baker, John M. ; Turner, Peter A. ; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)</creatorcontrib><description>Indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from drainage ditches and headwater streams are poorly constrained. Few studies have monitored stream N2O emissions and fewer modeling studies have been conducted to simulate stream N2O emissions. In this study, we developed direct and indirect N2O emission modules and a corresponding calibration module for use in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, and implemented the expanded SWAT model (termed SWAT‐N2O) to a representative fourth‐stream‐order catchment (210 km2) and six first‐order stream catchments (0.22–1.83 km2) in southeastern Minnesota. We simulated the spatial and temporal fluctuations of the indirect emissions from streams, identified emission “hot spots” and “hot moments,” and diagnosed the correlations between direct and indirect emissions. We showed that zero‐order streams and first‐order streams could contribute 0.034–0.066 and 0.011 nmol N2O m−2 s−1 (expressed on the basis of unit catchment area) to the total surface emissions, respectively. Emissions from zero‐order and first‐order streams equal 24–41% of direct emissions from soil, which may explain the emission gap between calculations using top‐down and bottom‐up methods. Clear spatial patterns were identified for both direct and indirect emissions and their spatial variations were negatively correlated. Our results suggest that the IPCC N2O emission factor for streams in the Corn Belt should be increased by 3.2–5.7 times. Increasing precipitation and streamflow in the Corn Belt may potentially increase frequencies of soil anoxic conditions and nitrate leaching to streams, and subsequently increase N2O emissions from both soils and streams.
Key Points
Zero‐order streams are N2O emission hot spots in the Corn Belt
The IPCC N2O emission factor for streams in the Corn Belt should be increased by 3.2–5.7 times
Increasing precipitation and streamflow in the Corn Belt may potentially increase N2O emissions from both soils and streams</description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-1397</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-7973</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1029/2017WR022108</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Anoxia ; Anoxic conditions ; Catchment area ; Catchment areas ; Catchments ; Computer simulation ; Corn ; Corn Belt ; Ditches ; Drainage ditches ; Emission analysis ; Emissions ; ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ; Headwaters ; hot moments ; hot spots ; Hydrologic models ; Identification ; Identification methods ; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ; Leaching ; Little Cannon River ; Modelling ; Nitrous oxide ; Pollution monitoring ; Precipitation ; Rivers ; Soil ; Soil conditions ; Soil water ; Spatial variations ; Stream discharge ; Stream flow ; Streams ; SWAT</subject><ispartof>Water resources research, 2018-05, Vol.54 (5), p.3632-3653</ispartof><rights>2018. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><orcidid>0000-0003-1350-4446 ; 0000-0002-2111-5144 ; 0000-0002-7937-9839 ; 0000-0001-9989-374X ; 0000-0003-0839-1408 ; 0000000308391408 ; 0000000279379839 ; 000000019989374X ; 0000000313504446 ; 0000000221115144</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029%2F2017WR022108$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029%2F2017WR022108$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,1417,11514,27924,27925,45574,45575,46468,46892</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1544286$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fu, Congsheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Xuhui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griffis, Timothy J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baker, John M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turner, Peter A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)</creatorcontrib><title>A Modeling Study of Direct and Indirect N2O Emissions From a Representative Catchment in the U.S. Corn Belt</title><title>Water resources research</title><description>Indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from drainage ditches and headwater streams are poorly constrained. Few studies have monitored stream N2O emissions and fewer modeling studies have been conducted to simulate stream N2O emissions. In this study, we developed direct and indirect N2O emission modules and a corresponding calibration module for use in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, and implemented the expanded SWAT model (termed SWAT‐N2O) to a representative fourth‐stream‐order catchment (210 km2) and six first‐order stream catchments (0.22–1.83 km2) in southeastern Minnesota. We simulated the spatial and temporal fluctuations of the indirect emissions from streams, identified emission “hot spots” and “hot moments,” and diagnosed the correlations between direct and indirect emissions. We showed that zero‐order streams and first‐order streams could contribute 0.034–0.066 and 0.011 nmol N2O m−2 s−1 (expressed on the basis of unit catchment area) to the total surface emissions, respectively. Emissions from zero‐order and first‐order streams equal 24–41% of direct emissions from soil, which may explain the emission gap between calculations using top‐down and bottom‐up methods. Clear spatial patterns were identified for both direct and indirect emissions and their spatial variations were negatively correlated. Our results suggest that the IPCC N2O emission factor for streams in the Corn Belt should be increased by 3.2–5.7 times. Increasing precipitation and streamflow in the Corn Belt may potentially increase frequencies of soil anoxic conditions and nitrate leaching to streams, and subsequently increase N2O emissions from both soils and streams.
Key Points
Zero‐order streams are N2O emission hot spots in the Corn Belt
The IPCC N2O emission factor for streams in the Corn Belt should be increased by 3.2–5.7 times
Increasing precipitation and streamflow in the Corn Belt may potentially increase N2O emissions from both soils and streams</description><subject>Anoxia</subject><subject>Anoxic conditions</subject><subject>Catchment area</subject><subject>Catchment areas</subject><subject>Catchments</subject><subject>Computer simulation</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Corn Belt</subject><subject>Ditches</subject><subject>Drainage ditches</subject><subject>Emission analysis</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</subject><subject>Headwaters</subject><subject>hot moments</subject><subject>hot spots</subject><subject>Hydrologic models</subject><subject>Identification</subject><subject>Identification methods</subject><subject>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</subject><subject>Leaching</subject><subject>Little Cannon River</subject><subject>Modelling</subject><subject>Nitrous oxide</subject><subject>Pollution monitoring</subject><subject>Precipitation</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil conditions</subject><subject>Soil water</subject><subject>Spatial variations</subject><subject>Stream discharge</subject><subject>Stream flow</subject><subject>Streams</subject><subject>SWAT</subject><issn>0043-1397</issn><issn>1944-7973</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpNkE1LAzEYhIMoWKs3f0DQ89Z8vLvZHHX9BD-gWnoMafatjbZJ3aRK_70t9eBpGHgYZoaQU84GnAl9IRhX4yETgrN6j_S4BiiUVnKf9BgDWXCp1SE5SumDMQ5lpXrk85I-xRbnPrzT17xq1zRO6bXv0GVqQ0sfQrszz-KF3ix8Sj6GRG-7uKCWDnHZYcKQbfbfSBub3WyxsdQHmmdIR4PXAW1iF-gVzvMxOZjaecKTP-2T0e3NW3NfPL7cPTSXj0UUWugCBBeorHJOy7pGVTlQCBpKWSNTbiIBWo3lpG0nYoJWV1pOESsmACyU0Mo-OdvlxpS9Sc5ndDMXQ9jsMLwEEHW1gc530LKLXytM2XzEVRc2vYxgFRdQC7ml5I768XNcm2XnF7ZbG87M9nDz_3AzHjZDIaXU8hepEHKe</recordid><startdate>201805</startdate><enddate>201805</enddate><creator>Fu, Congsheng</creator><creator>Lee, Xuhui</creator><creator>Griffis, Timothy J.</creator><creator>Baker, John M.</creator><creator>Turner, Peter A.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>American Geophysical Union (AGU)</general><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>OIOZB</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1350-4446</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2111-5144</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7937-9839</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9989-374X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0839-1408</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000308391408</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000279379839</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/000000019989374X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000313504446</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000221115144</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201805</creationdate><title>A Modeling Study of Direct and Indirect N2O Emissions From a Representative Catchment in the U.S. Corn Belt</title><author>Fu, Congsheng ; Lee, Xuhui ; Griffis, Timothy J. ; Baker, John M. ; Turner, Peter A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-o2929-4212e7a7cc9388e76c47e494538e07cb344d9e5bddb2bea9693fee60244a454d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Anoxia</topic><topic>Anoxic conditions</topic><topic>Catchment area</topic><topic>Catchment areas</topic><topic>Catchments</topic><topic>Computer simulation</topic><topic>Corn</topic><topic>Corn Belt</topic><topic>Ditches</topic><topic>Drainage ditches</topic><topic>Emission analysis</topic><topic>Emissions</topic><topic>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</topic><topic>Headwaters</topic><topic>hot moments</topic><topic>hot spots</topic><topic>Hydrologic models</topic><topic>Identification</topic><topic>Identification methods</topic><topic>Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change</topic><topic>Leaching</topic><topic>Little Cannon River</topic><topic>Modelling</topic><topic>Nitrous oxide</topic><topic>Pollution monitoring</topic><topic>Precipitation</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Soil</topic><topic>Soil conditions</topic><topic>Soil water</topic><topic>Spatial variations</topic><topic>Stream discharge</topic><topic>Stream flow</topic><topic>Streams</topic><topic>SWAT</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fu, Congsheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Xuhui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griffis, Timothy J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baker, John M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turner, Peter A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)</creatorcontrib><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 2: Ocean Technology, Policy & Non-Living Resources</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV - Hybrid</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Water resources research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fu, Congsheng</au><au>Lee, Xuhui</au><au>Griffis, Timothy J.</au><au>Baker, John M.</au><au>Turner, Peter A.</au><aucorp>Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A Modeling Study of Direct and Indirect N2O Emissions From a Representative Catchment in the U.S. Corn Belt</atitle><jtitle>Water resources research</jtitle><date>2018-05</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>54</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>3632</spage><epage>3653</epage><pages>3632-3653</pages><issn>0043-1397</issn><eissn>1944-7973</eissn><abstract>Indirect nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from drainage ditches and headwater streams are poorly constrained. Few studies have monitored stream N2O emissions and fewer modeling studies have been conducted to simulate stream N2O emissions. In this study, we developed direct and indirect N2O emission modules and a corresponding calibration module for use in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, and implemented the expanded SWAT model (termed SWAT‐N2O) to a representative fourth‐stream‐order catchment (210 km2) and six first‐order stream catchments (0.22–1.83 km2) in southeastern Minnesota. We simulated the spatial and temporal fluctuations of the indirect emissions from streams, identified emission “hot spots” and “hot moments,” and diagnosed the correlations between direct and indirect emissions. We showed that zero‐order streams and first‐order streams could contribute 0.034–0.066 and 0.011 nmol N2O m−2 s−1 (expressed on the basis of unit catchment area) to the total surface emissions, respectively. Emissions from zero‐order and first‐order streams equal 24–41% of direct emissions from soil, which may explain the emission gap between calculations using top‐down and bottom‐up methods. Clear spatial patterns were identified for both direct and indirect emissions and their spatial variations were negatively correlated. Our results suggest that the IPCC N2O emission factor for streams in the Corn Belt should be increased by 3.2–5.7 times. Increasing precipitation and streamflow in the Corn Belt may potentially increase frequencies of soil anoxic conditions and nitrate leaching to streams, and subsequently increase N2O emissions from both soils and streams.
Key Points
Zero‐order streams are N2O emission hot spots in the Corn Belt
The IPCC N2O emission factor for streams in the Corn Belt should be increased by 3.2–5.7 times
Increasing precipitation and streamflow in the Corn Belt may potentially increase N2O emissions from both soils and streams</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><doi>10.1029/2017WR022108</doi><tpages>22</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1350-4446</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2111-5144</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7937-9839</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9989-374X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0839-1408</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000308391408</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000279379839</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/000000019989374X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000313504446</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000221115144</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Anoxia Anoxic conditions Catchment area Catchment areas Catchments Computer simulation Corn Corn Belt Ditches Drainage ditches Emission analysis Emissions ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Headwaters hot moments hot spots Hydrologic models Identification Identification methods Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Leaching Little Cannon River Modelling Nitrous oxide Pollution monitoring Precipitation Rivers Soil Soil conditions Soil water Spatial variations Stream discharge Stream flow Streams SWAT |
| title | A Modeling Study of Direct and Indirect N2O Emissions From a Representative Catchment in the U.S. Corn Belt |
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