Two-Stage Growth of Polymer Nanoparticles at the Liquid–Vapor Interface by Vapor-Phase Polymerization

In this article, we study the growth of polymer nanoparticles that are formed on the surface of silicone oils via initiated chemical vapor deposition. The average radius of the particles can be increased by decreasing the silicone oil viscosity, increasing the deposition time, or increasing the deposition rate. The time series data indicates that there are two stages for particle growth. Particle nucleation occurs in the first stage and the particle size is dependent on the liquid viscosity and deposition rate. Particle growth occurs in the second stage, during which the particle size is dependent only on the amount of deposited polymer. This two-step process allows us to make core–shell particles by sequentially depositing different polymers. The benefits of our nanoparticle synthesis process are that solvents and surfactants are not required and the size of the nanoparticles can be controlled over a wide range of radii with a relatively narrow distribution.