Photoactivated Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular (STEM) gels as precursors for materials with spatially differentiated mechanical properties
The concept of a Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular gel (STEM gel) is presented. A STEM gel is comprised of a network with latent initiating sites allowing for the post-synthesis, spatially specific modification of the matrix. A direct synthetic method was employed and photo-active...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymer (Guilford) 2017-09, Vol.126 (C), p.224-230 |
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| creator | Beziau, Antoine Fortney, Andria Fu, Liye Nishiura, Chiaki Wang, Haobo Cuthbert, Julia Gottlieb, Eric Balazs, Anna C. Kowalewski, Tomasz Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof |
| description | The concept of a Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular gel (STEM gel) is presented. A STEM gel is comprised of a network with latent initiating sites allowing for the post-synthesis, spatially specific modification of the matrix. A direct synthetic method was employed and photo-active STEM gels based on (meth)acrylates were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of different monomers, a crosslinker, and a photo-active dormant initiator/monomer (inimer) based on the radical photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (Irgacure 2959). Infiltration by a solution of a crosslinker was followed by the UV triggered polymerization of secondary polymeric chains. Irradiation through masks with different transmittance resulted in materials with spatially differentiated mechanical properties.
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•Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular (STEM) gel networks synthesized.•Post-synthesis modification of gels through secondary polymerization from incorporated photo-initiator sites demonstrated.•Spatial differentiation of mechanical properties achieved by UV-irradiation through masks of different opacity.•Stiffness of resulting materials increased with the number of photons per initiation site. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.035 |
| format | Article |
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•Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular (STEM) gel networks synthesized.•Post-synthesis modification of gels through secondary polymerization from incorporated photo-initiator sites demonstrated.•Spatial differentiation of mechanical properties achieved by UV-irradiation through masks of different opacity.•Stiffness of resulting materials increased with the number of photons per initiation site.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0032-3861</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2291</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.035</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Acrylates ; Chemical synthesis ; Copolymerization ; Copolymers ; Crosslinking ; Gels ; Infiltration ; Irradiation ; Macromolecules ; Masks ; Mechanical properties ; Monomers ; Polymer gel ; Polymer Science ; Polymerization ; Post-synthesis modification ; Precursors ; Smart gel ; STEM gel ; Studies</subject><ispartof>Polymer (Guilford), 2017-09, Vol.126 (C), p.224-230</ispartof><rights>2017 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier BV Sep 22, 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-5647a8e798a3f3343697167f1005dae20c427c8dea4ea05cd31cc413775a61a53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-5647a8e798a3f3343697167f1005dae20c427c8dea4ea05cd31cc413775a61a53</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1960-3402 ; 0000000319603402</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.035$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3548,27922,27923,45993</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/1532887$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Beziau, Antoine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fortney, Andria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, Liye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nishiura, Chiaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Haobo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cuthbert, Julia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gottlieb, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balazs, Anna C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kowalewski, Tomasz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States)</creatorcontrib><title>Photoactivated Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular (STEM) gels as precursors for materials with spatially differentiated mechanical properties</title><title>Polymer (Guilford)</title><description>The concept of a Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular gel (STEM gel) is presented. A STEM gel is comprised of a network with latent initiating sites allowing for the post-synthesis, spatially specific modification of the matrix. A direct synthetic method was employed and photo-active STEM gels based on (meth)acrylates were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of different monomers, a crosslinker, and a photo-active dormant initiator/monomer (inimer) based on the radical photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (Irgacure 2959). Infiltration by a solution of a crosslinker was followed by the UV triggered polymerization of secondary polymeric chains. Irradiation through masks with different transmittance resulted in materials with spatially differentiated mechanical properties.
[Display omitted]
•Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular (STEM) gel networks synthesized.•Post-synthesis modification of gels through secondary polymerization from incorporated photo-initiator sites demonstrated.•Spatial differentiation of mechanical properties achieved by UV-irradiation through masks of different opacity.•Stiffness of resulting materials increased with the number of photons per initiation site.</description><subject>Acrylates</subject><subject>Chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Copolymerization</subject><subject>Copolymers</subject><subject>Crosslinking</subject><subject>Gels</subject><subject>Infiltration</subject><subject>Irradiation</subject><subject>Macromolecules</subject><subject>Masks</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Monomers</subject><subject>Polymer gel</subject><subject>Polymer Science</subject><subject>Polymerization</subject><subject>Post-synthesis modification</subject><subject>Precursors</subject><subject>Smart gel</subject><subject>STEM gel</subject><subject>Studies</subject><issn>0032-3861</issn><issn>1873-2291</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFUUGO1DAQtBBIDANPQLLgAocMdhzHyQmh1bCLtCuQdjhbLaez41ESB9tZNJ_hrXSYvXOyuruqXKpi7K0UOylk_em0m8NwHjHuSiHNTjQ7ofQztpGNUUVZtvI52wihykI1tXzJXqV0EkKUuqw27M-PY8gBXPaPkLHj9zkuLi8RhuHMD-CHEGkLU8f304OfENfxDlwMYxjQLQNE_uH-sL_7yB9wSBwSnyPtYwox8T5EPpJu9EC33z4feZoh-3_qne97kptoXH8e0R1h8g4GUggzxuwxvWYveqLim6d3y35-3R-uborb79ffrr7cFq6qmlzoujLQoGkbUL1SlapbI2vTSyF0B1gKV5XGNR1ChSC065R0rpLKGA21BK227N1FN6TsbXI-kxsXpgldtlKrsqEst-z9BUT-fi2Ysj2FJU7ky8q21lIaJVtC6QuKMkopYm_n6EeIZyuFXfuyJ_vUl137sqKx1BfxPl94FCM-erqSDZwcdj6uLrrg_6PwF_YqpLQ</recordid><startdate>20170922</startdate><enddate>20170922</enddate><creator>Beziau, Antoine</creator><creator>Fortney, Andria</creator><creator>Fu, Liye</creator><creator>Nishiura, Chiaki</creator><creator>Wang, Haobo</creator><creator>Cuthbert, Julia</creator><creator>Gottlieb, Eric</creator><creator>Balazs, Anna C.</creator><creator>Kowalewski, Tomasz</creator><creator>Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier BV</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1960-3402</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000319603402</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170922</creationdate><title>Photoactivated Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular (STEM) gels as precursors for materials with spatially differentiated mechanical properties</title><author>Beziau, Antoine ; Fortney, Andria ; Fu, Liye ; Nishiura, Chiaki ; Wang, Haobo ; Cuthbert, Julia ; Gottlieb, Eric ; Balazs, Anna C. ; Kowalewski, Tomasz ; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c448t-5647a8e798a3f3343697167f1005dae20c427c8dea4ea05cd31cc413775a61a53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Acrylates</topic><topic>Chemical synthesis</topic><topic>Copolymerization</topic><topic>Copolymers</topic><topic>Crosslinking</topic><topic>Gels</topic><topic>Infiltration</topic><topic>Irradiation</topic><topic>Macromolecules</topic><topic>Masks</topic><topic>Mechanical properties</topic><topic>Monomers</topic><topic>Polymer gel</topic><topic>Polymer Science</topic><topic>Polymerization</topic><topic>Post-synthesis modification</topic><topic>Precursors</topic><topic>Smart gel</topic><topic>STEM gel</topic><topic>Studies</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Beziau, Antoine</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fortney, Andria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fu, Liye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nishiura, Chiaki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Haobo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cuthbert, Julia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gottlieb, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Balazs, Anna C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kowalewski, Tomasz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States)</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Copper Technical Reference Library</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Computer Science Collection</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Polymer (Guilford)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Beziau, Antoine</au><au>Fortney, Andria</au><au>Fu, Liye</au><au>Nishiura, Chiaki</au><au>Wang, Haobo</au><au>Cuthbert, Julia</au><au>Gottlieb, Eric</au><au>Balazs, Anna C.</au><au>Kowalewski, Tomasz</au><au>Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof</au><aucorp>Univ. of Pittsburgh, PA (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Photoactivated Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular (STEM) gels as precursors for materials with spatially differentiated mechanical properties</atitle><jtitle>Polymer (Guilford)</jtitle><date>2017-09-22</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>126</volume><issue>C</issue><spage>224</spage><epage>230</epage><pages>224-230</pages><issn>0032-3861</issn><eissn>1873-2291</eissn><abstract>The concept of a Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular gel (STEM gel) is presented. A STEM gel is comprised of a network with latent initiating sites allowing for the post-synthesis, spatially specific modification of the matrix. A direct synthetic method was employed and photo-active STEM gels based on (meth)acrylates were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of different monomers, a crosslinker, and a photo-active dormant initiator/monomer (inimer) based on the radical photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (Irgacure 2959). Infiltration by a solution of a crosslinker was followed by the UV triggered polymerization of secondary polymeric chains. Irradiation through masks with different transmittance resulted in materials with spatially differentiated mechanical properties.
[Display omitted]
•Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular (STEM) gel networks synthesized.•Post-synthesis modification of gels through secondary polymerization from incorporated photo-initiator sites demonstrated.•Spatial differentiation of mechanical properties achieved by UV-irradiation through masks of different opacity.•Stiffness of resulting materials increased with the number of photons per initiation site.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><doi>10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.035</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1960-3402</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000000319603402</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Polymer (Guilford), 2017-09, Vol.126 (C), p.224-230 |
| issn | 0032-3861 1873-2291 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_osti_scitechconnect_1532887 |
| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Acrylates Chemical synthesis Copolymerization Copolymers Crosslinking Gels Infiltration Irradiation Macromolecules Masks Mechanical properties Monomers Polymer gel Polymer Science Polymerization Post-synthesis modification Precursors Smart gel STEM gel Studies |
| title | Photoactivated Structurally Tailored and Engineered Macromolecular (STEM) gels as precursors for materials with spatially differentiated mechanical properties |
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