A direct comparison of surface and bulk chain-relaxation in polystyrene
Near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy was used to measure simultaneously the relaxation rates of polystyrene (PS) molecules at the free surface and in the bulk. The samples were uniaxially stretched and annealed at temperatures below the bulk glass transition temperature of...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The European physical journal. E, Soft matter (Print) Soft matter (Print), 2003-09, Vol.12 (1), p.127-132 |
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| container_title | The European physical journal. E, Soft matter (Print) |
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| creator | WU, Wen-Li SAMBASIVAN, Sharadha WANG, Chia-Ying WALLACE, W. E GENZER, J FISCHER, D. A |
| description | Near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy was used to measure simultaneously the relaxation rates of polystyrene (PS) molecules at the free surface and in the bulk. The samples were uniaxially stretched and annealed at temperatures below the bulk glass transition temperature of PS. The surface and bulk chain relaxation was monitored by measuring the partial-electron and the fluorescence NEXAFS yields, respectively, both parallel and perpendicular to the stretching direction. The decay of the optical birefringence was also measured to provide an independent measure of the bulk relaxation. Relaxation of PS chains was found to occur faster on the surface relative to the bulk. The magnitude of the surface glass transition temperature suppression over the bulk was estimated based on the information on the temperature dependence of the rates. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1140/epje/i2003-10050-6 |
| format | Article |
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| source | SpringerNature Journals |
| subjects | Applied sciences Exact sciences and technology MATERIALS SCIENCE NATIONAL SYNCHROTRON LIGHT SOURCE Organic polymers Physicochemistry of polymers POLYSTYRENE Properties and characterization RESIDUAL STRESSES STRESS RELAXATION Structure, morphology and analysis |
| title | A direct comparison of surface and bulk chain-relaxation in polystyrene |
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