Theoretical Study of Carbon Adsorption on Re Surfaces: Morphological Instability

We report results from new experiments on C/Re( 11 2 ¯ 1 ) to identify threshold conditions for morphological instability of Re( 11 2 ¯ 1 ). We have found that adsorption of carbon from 0.35 to 0.85 ML (0.3–6.0 L exposure of C 2 H 2 ) at T ≥ 800 K leads to faceting of Re( 11 2 ¯ 1 ) with formation of three-sided pyramids. Using density functional theory we have investigated binding sites and binding energies of C on planar and faceted Re surfaces as well as generated a surface phase diagram of C/Re to obtain an atomistic understanding of C-induced pyramidal faceting of Re( 11 2 ¯ 1 ). The calculations reveal that at low to intermediate coverage, C atoms prefer binding at four-fold sites on the Re surfaces and formation of three-sided pyramids is thermodynamically favored. Graphical Abstract Using density functional theory and thermodynamic considerations as well as AES and LEED measurements we studied the structure of Re(11–21) surfaces in contact with C 2 H 2 . The experiments show that adsorption of carbon from 0.35 to 0.85 ML (0.3–6.0 L exposure of C 2 H 2 ) at T ≥ 800 K leads to faceting of Re(11–21) with formation of three-sided pyramids. The calculations reveal that at low to intermediate coverage, C atoms prefer binding at four-fold sites on the Re surfaces and formation of three-sided pyramids is thermodynamically favored.