Non-closure of the surface energy balance explained by phase difference between vertical velocity and scalars of large atmospheric eddies
It is now accepted that large-scale turbulent eddies impact the widely reported non-closure of the surface energy balance when latent and sensible heat fluxes are measured using the eddy covariance method in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL). However, a mechanistic link between large eddies and no...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental research letters 2017-03, Vol.12 (3), p.34025 |
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| creator | Gao, Zhongming Liu, Heping Katul, Gabriel G Foken, Thomas |
| description | It is now accepted that large-scale turbulent eddies impact the widely reported non-closure of the surface energy balance when latent and sensible heat fluxes are measured using the eddy covariance method in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL). However, a mechanistic link between large eddies and non-closure of the surface energy balance remains a subject of inquiry. Here, measured 10 Hz time series of vertical velocity, air temperature, and water vapor density collected in the ASL are analyzed for conditions where entrainment and/or horizontal advection separately predominate. The series are decomposed into small- and large- eddies based on a frequency cutoff and their contributions to turbulent fluxes are analyzed. Phase difference between vertical velocity and water vapor density associated with large eddies reduces latent heat fluxes, especially in conditions where advection prevails. Enlarged phase difference of large eddies linked to entrainment or advection occurrence leads to increased residuals of the surface energy balance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1088/1748-9326/aa625b |
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However, a mechanistic link between large eddies and non-closure of the surface energy balance remains a subject of inquiry. Here, measured 10 Hz time series of vertical velocity, air temperature, and water vapor density collected in the ASL are analyzed for conditions where entrainment and/or horizontal advection separately predominate. The series are decomposed into small- and large- eddies based on a frequency cutoff and their contributions to turbulent fluxes are analyzed. Phase difference between vertical velocity and water vapor density associated with large eddies reduces latent heat fluxes, especially in conditions where advection prevails. Enlarged phase difference of large eddies linked to entrainment or advection occurrence leads to increased residuals of the surface energy balance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1748-9326</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1748-9326</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa625b</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ERLNAL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Bristol: IOP Publishing</publisher><subject>Advection ; Aerodynamics ; Air temperature ; BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ; biochemical research methods ; Eddies ; eddy covariance fluxes ; Energy balance ; ensemble empirical mode decomposition ; Enthalpy ; Entrainment ; Heat flux ; Heat transfer ; horizontal advection ; Induction heating ; large eddies ; Latent heat ; mathematical & computational biology ; Phase shift ; Scalars ; Sensible heat ; Surface energy ; Surface layers ; Surface properties ; Temperature ; Vapor density ; Velocity ; Water vapor</subject><ispartof>Environmental research letters, 2017-03, Vol.12 (3), p.34025</ispartof><rights>2017 IOP Publishing Ltd</rights><rights>2017. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c443t-e21079a714dd100668dd30fff00eacad639c1d0a7bc20e38ba5e5b26ca3ab2213</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c443t-e21079a714dd100668dd30fff00eacad639c1d0a7bc20e38ba5e5b26ca3ab2213</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aa625b/pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Giop$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,864,885,2102,27924,27925,38868,38890,53840,53867</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/1347044$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gao, Zhongming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Heping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katul, Gabriel G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foken, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)</creatorcontrib><title>Non-closure of the surface energy balance explained by phase difference between vertical velocity and scalars of large atmospheric eddies</title><title>Environmental research letters</title><addtitle>ERL</addtitle><addtitle>Environ. Res. Lett</addtitle><description>It is now accepted that large-scale turbulent eddies impact the widely reported non-closure of the surface energy balance when latent and sensible heat fluxes are measured using the eddy covariance method in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL). However, a mechanistic link between large eddies and non-closure of the surface energy balance remains a subject of inquiry. Here, measured 10 Hz time series of vertical velocity, air temperature, and water vapor density collected in the ASL are analyzed for conditions where entrainment and/or horizontal advection separately predominate. The series are decomposed into small- and large- eddies based on a frequency cutoff and their contributions to turbulent fluxes are analyzed. Phase difference between vertical velocity and water vapor density associated with large eddies reduces latent heat fluxes, especially in conditions where advection prevails. Enlarged phase difference of large eddies linked to entrainment or advection occurrence leads to increased residuals of the surface energy balance.</description><subject>Advection</subject><subject>Aerodynamics</subject><subject>Air temperature</subject><subject>BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</subject><subject>biochemical research methods</subject><subject>Eddies</subject><subject>eddy covariance fluxes</subject><subject>Energy balance</subject><subject>ensemble empirical mode decomposition</subject><subject>Enthalpy</subject><subject>Entrainment</subject><subject>Heat flux</subject><subject>Heat transfer</subject><subject>horizontal advection</subject><subject>Induction heating</subject><subject>large eddies</subject><subject>Latent heat</subject><subject>mathematical & computational biology</subject><subject>Phase shift</subject><subject>Scalars</subject><subject>Sensible heat</subject><subject>Surface energy</subject><subject>Surface layers</subject><subject>Surface properties</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Vapor density</subject><subject>Velocity</subject><subject>Water vapor</subject><issn>1748-9326</issn><issn>1748-9326</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>O3W</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1UcuO1DAQtBBILAN3jhZcCdt-5HVEKx4rreACZ6tjt2c8ysbBzsDOJ_DXOGS1cOHU5XJ1dbeKsZcC3groukvR6q7qlWwuERtZD4_YxQP1-B_8lD3L-QhQ67rtLtivz3Gq7BjzKRGPni8H4gV7tMRporQ_8wFHnNbn3TximMjx4cznA2biLnhPidbfgZafRBP_QWkJFscCxmjDcuY4OZ4LgymvE0rdE8flNub5QClYTs4Fys_ZE49jphf3dce-fXj_9epTdfPl4_XVu5vKaq2WiqSAtsdWaOcEQNN0zinw3gMQWnSN6q1wgO1gJZDqBqypHmRjUeEgpVA7dr35uohHM6dwi-lsIgbzh4hpb3A9YSQjLUIjwOquH7RtGyTyGqzSktB1UBevV5tXzEswuZxL9mDjNJFdjFC6hbLzjr3eRHOK30-UF3OMpzSVG42sdS_qTglZVLCpbIo5J_IPqwkwa8JmjdCsEZot4dLyZmsJcf7r-V_5bwt4qSQ</recordid><startdate>20170301</startdate><enddate>20170301</enddate><creator>Gao, Zhongming</creator><creator>Liu, Heping</creator><creator>Katul, Gabriel G</creator><creator>Foken, Thomas</creator><general>IOP Publishing</general><scope>O3W</scope><scope>TSCCA</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170301</creationdate><title>Non-closure of the surface energy balance explained by phase difference between vertical velocity and scalars of large atmospheric eddies</title><author>Gao, Zhongming ; Liu, Heping ; Katul, Gabriel G ; Foken, Thomas</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c443t-e21079a714dd100668dd30fff00eacad639c1d0a7bc20e38ba5e5b26ca3ab2213</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Advection</topic><topic>Aerodynamics</topic><topic>Air temperature</topic><topic>BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES</topic><topic>biochemical research methods</topic><topic>Eddies</topic><topic>eddy covariance fluxes</topic><topic>Energy balance</topic><topic>ensemble empirical mode decomposition</topic><topic>Enthalpy</topic><topic>Entrainment</topic><topic>Heat flux</topic><topic>Heat transfer</topic><topic>horizontal advection</topic><topic>Induction heating</topic><topic>large eddies</topic><topic>Latent heat</topic><topic>mathematical & computational biology</topic><topic>Phase shift</topic><topic>Scalars</topic><topic>Sensible heat</topic><topic>Surface energy</topic><topic>Surface layers</topic><topic>Surface properties</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Vapor density</topic><topic>Velocity</topic><topic>Water vapor</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gao, Zhongming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Heping</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katul, Gabriel G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foken, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)</creatorcontrib><collection>IOP Publishing Free Content</collection><collection>IOPscience (Open Access)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Environmental research letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gao, Zhongming</au><au>Liu, Heping</au><au>Katul, Gabriel G</au><au>Foken, Thomas</au><aucorp>Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Non-closure of the surface energy balance explained by phase difference between vertical velocity and scalars of large atmospheric eddies</atitle><jtitle>Environmental research letters</jtitle><stitle>ERL</stitle><addtitle>Environ. Res. Lett</addtitle><date>2017-03-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>34025</spage><pages>34025-</pages><issn>1748-9326</issn><eissn>1748-9326</eissn><coden>ERLNAL</coden><abstract>It is now accepted that large-scale turbulent eddies impact the widely reported non-closure of the surface energy balance when latent and sensible heat fluxes are measured using the eddy covariance method in the atmospheric surface layer (ASL). However, a mechanistic link between large eddies and non-closure of the surface energy balance remains a subject of inquiry. Here, measured 10 Hz time series of vertical velocity, air temperature, and water vapor density collected in the ASL are analyzed for conditions where entrainment and/or horizontal advection separately predominate. The series are decomposed into small- and large- eddies based on a frequency cutoff and their contributions to turbulent fluxes are analyzed. 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| subjects | Advection Aerodynamics Air temperature BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES biochemical research methods Eddies eddy covariance fluxes Energy balance ensemble empirical mode decomposition Enthalpy Entrainment Heat flux Heat transfer horizontal advection Induction heating large eddies Latent heat mathematical & computational biology Phase shift Scalars Sensible heat Surface energy Surface layers Surface properties Temperature Vapor density Velocity Water vapor |
| title | Non-closure of the surface energy balance explained by phase difference between vertical velocity and scalars of large atmospheric eddies |
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