Laboratory earthquakes triggered during eclogitization of lawsonite-bearing blueschist
The origin of intermediate-depth seismicity has been debated for decades. A substantial fraction of these events occurs within the upper plane of Wadati–Benioff double seismic zones believed to represent subducting oceanic crust. We deformed natural lawsonite-rich blueschist samples under eclogite-f...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Earth and planetary science letters 2017-02, Vol.459 (C), p.320-331 |
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| creator | Incel, Sarah Hilairet, Nadège Labrousse, Loïc John, Timm Deldicque, Damien Ferrand, Thomas Wang, Yanbin Renner, Jörg Morales, Luiz Schubnel, Alexandre |
| description | The origin of intermediate-depth seismicity has been debated for decades. A substantial fraction of these events occurs within the upper plane of Wadati–Benioff double seismic zones believed to represent subducting oceanic crust. We deformed natural lawsonite-rich blueschist samples under eclogite-facies conditions (1.5 |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.047 |
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•Brittle failure during the transition from Lws-blueschist to Lws-eclogite.•Grain-size reduction is proposed to cause brittle failure at HP/LT conditions.•Fast shear fuses the rock to produce lab-equivalents to natural pseudotachylites.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-821X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1385-013X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.047</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>dehydration embrittlement ; Earth Sciences ; eclogitization ; GEOSCIENCES ; intermediate-depth seismicity ; lawsonite–blueschist ; Sciences of the Universe ; shear heating ; transformational faulting</subject><ispartof>Earth and planetary science letters, 2017-02, Vol.459 (C), p.320-331</ispartof><rights>2016 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a495t-2d4f4f735e362d98c8e96df5affcc22adabccc0b2a4cf2956a6762b517ceda513</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a495t-2d4f4f735e362d98c8e96df5affcc22adabccc0b2a4cf2956a6762b517ceda513</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-7576-7570 ; 0000-0003-0422-8849 ; 0000-0002-9321-220X ; 0000-0001-7576-517X</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012821X16306811$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,3537,27903,27904,65309</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://insu.hal.science/insu-03747286$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/1338985$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Incel, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hilairet, Nadège</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Labrousse, Loïc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>John, Timm</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deldicque, Damien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrand, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yanbin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Renner, Jörg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morales, Luiz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schubnel, Alexandre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)</creatorcontrib><title>Laboratory earthquakes triggered during eclogitization of lawsonite-bearing blueschist</title><title>Earth and planetary science letters</title><description>The origin of intermediate-depth seismicity has been debated for decades. A substantial fraction of these events occurs within the upper plane of Wadati–Benioff double seismic zones believed to represent subducting oceanic crust. We deformed natural lawsonite-rich blueschist samples under eclogite-facies conditions (1.5<P<3.5 GPa; 583 K<T<1121 K), using a D-DIA apparatus installed at a synchrotron beamline continuously monitoring stress, strain, phase changes, and acoustic emissions (AEs). Two distinct paths were investigated: i) heating during deformation at pressures >2.5 GPa to maximum temperatures ranging from 762 to 1073 K, during which lawsonite and glaucophane became gradually unstable while entering the stability field of lawsonite–eclogite and the breakdown reaction of lawsonite was only crossed in case of the highest final temperature; ii) heating while deforming at a pressure <2 GPa to a maximum temperature of 1121 K associated with crossing the breakdown reaction of lawsonite and successively entering the stability fields of epidote–blueschist and eclogite–amphibolite but not of lawsonite–eclogite. Upon entering the Lws-Ecl stability field samples exhibited brittle failure, accompanied by the radiation of AEs. In-situ X-ray diffraction and microstructural analysis demonstrate that fractures are topologically related to the formation of omphacite. Amorphous material was detected along the fractures by transmission-electron microscopy without evidence for free-water. Since the newly formed omphacite crystals are small compared to the initial grains, we interpret the observed mechanical instability as a transformation-induced runaway under stress triggered during the transition from lawsonite–blueschist to lawsonite–eclogite. In contrast, we find no microstructural evidence that the breakdown of lawsonite, and hence the liberation of water leads to the fracturing in samples that experienced the highest quench temperatures of 1073 and 1121 K, although some AEs were detected during an experiment performed at 1.5 GPa. Our experimental results challenge the concept of “dehydration embrittlement”, which ascribes the genesis of intermediate-depth earthquakes to the breakdown of hydrous phases in the subducting oceanic plate. Instead we suggest that grain-size reduction (transformational faulting) during the transition from lawsonite–blueschist to lawsonite–eclogite leads to brittle failure of the deviatorically loaded samples.
•Brittle failure during the transition from Lws-blueschist to Lws-eclogite.•Grain-size reduction is proposed to cause brittle failure at HP/LT conditions.•Fast shear fuses the rock to produce lab-equivalents to natural pseudotachylites.</description><subject>dehydration embrittlement</subject><subject>Earth Sciences</subject><subject>eclogitization</subject><subject>GEOSCIENCES</subject><subject>intermediate-depth seismicity</subject><subject>lawsonite–blueschist</subject><subject>Sciences of the Universe</subject><subject>shear heating</subject><subject>transformational faulting</subject><issn>0012-821X</issn><issn>1385-013X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNp9kE1LxDAQhoMouH78AU_Fo9CapE3agpdF_IIFLyrewjSddLPWZk2yK_rrbVnx6Gnm8D7DOw8hZ4xmjDJ5ucpwHfqMj3vGWEaLco_MWF6JlLL8dZ_MKGU8rTh7PSRHIawopVLIekZeFtA4D9H5rwTBx-XHBt4wJNHbrkOPbdJuvB26BHXvOhvtN0TrhsSZpIfP4AYbMW1Gcso0_QaDXtoQT8iBgT7g6e88Js-3N0_X9-ni8e7her5IoahFTHlbmMKUucBc8raudIW1bI0AY7TmHFpotNa04VBow2shQZaSN4KVGlsQLD8m57u7LkSrgh7b6KV2w4A6KpbnVV2JMXSxCy2hV2tv38F_KQdW3c8Xyg5ho2heFiWv5Ha6yHdh7V0IHs0fwaiaXKuVmlyrybViTI2uR-hqB-H469ain6rgMJa0fmrSOvsf_gMC9oq8</recordid><startdate>20170201</startdate><enddate>20170201</enddate><creator>Incel, Sarah</creator><creator>Hilairet, Nadège</creator><creator>Labrousse, Loïc</creator><creator>John, Timm</creator><creator>Deldicque, Damien</creator><creator>Ferrand, Thomas</creator><creator>Wang, Yanbin</creator><creator>Renner, Jörg</creator><creator>Morales, Luiz</creator><creator>Schubnel, Alexandre</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-7570</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0422-8849</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9321-220X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-517X</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170201</creationdate><title>Laboratory earthquakes triggered during eclogitization of lawsonite-bearing blueschist</title><author>Incel, Sarah ; Hilairet, Nadège ; Labrousse, Loïc ; John, Timm ; Deldicque, Damien ; Ferrand, Thomas ; Wang, Yanbin ; Renner, Jörg ; Morales, Luiz ; Schubnel, Alexandre</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a495t-2d4f4f735e362d98c8e96df5affcc22adabccc0b2a4cf2956a6762b517ceda513</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>dehydration embrittlement</topic><topic>Earth Sciences</topic><topic>eclogitization</topic><topic>GEOSCIENCES</topic><topic>intermediate-depth seismicity</topic><topic>lawsonite–blueschist</topic><topic>Sciences of the Universe</topic><topic>shear heating</topic><topic>transformational faulting</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Incel, Sarah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hilairet, Nadège</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Labrousse, Loïc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>John, Timm</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Deldicque, Damien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ferrand, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yanbin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Renner, Jörg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morales, Luiz</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schubnel, Alexandre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Earth and planetary science letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Incel, Sarah</au><au>Hilairet, Nadège</au><au>Labrousse, Loïc</au><au>John, Timm</au><au>Deldicque, Damien</au><au>Ferrand, Thomas</au><au>Wang, Yanbin</au><au>Renner, Jörg</au><au>Morales, Luiz</au><au>Schubnel, Alexandre</au><aucorp>Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Advanced Photon Source (APS)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Laboratory earthquakes triggered during eclogitization of lawsonite-bearing blueschist</atitle><jtitle>Earth and planetary science letters</jtitle><date>2017-02-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>459</volume><issue>C</issue><spage>320</spage><epage>331</epage><pages>320-331</pages><issn>0012-821X</issn><eissn>1385-013X</eissn><abstract>The origin of intermediate-depth seismicity has been debated for decades. A substantial fraction of these events occurs within the upper plane of Wadati–Benioff double seismic zones believed to represent subducting oceanic crust. We deformed natural lawsonite-rich blueschist samples under eclogite-facies conditions (1.5<P<3.5 GPa; 583 K<T<1121 K), using a D-DIA apparatus installed at a synchrotron beamline continuously monitoring stress, strain, phase changes, and acoustic emissions (AEs). Two distinct paths were investigated: i) heating during deformation at pressures >2.5 GPa to maximum temperatures ranging from 762 to 1073 K, during which lawsonite and glaucophane became gradually unstable while entering the stability field of lawsonite–eclogite and the breakdown reaction of lawsonite was only crossed in case of the highest final temperature; ii) heating while deforming at a pressure <2 GPa to a maximum temperature of 1121 K associated with crossing the breakdown reaction of lawsonite and successively entering the stability fields of epidote–blueschist and eclogite–amphibolite but not of lawsonite–eclogite. Upon entering the Lws-Ecl stability field samples exhibited brittle failure, accompanied by the radiation of AEs. In-situ X-ray diffraction and microstructural analysis demonstrate that fractures are topologically related to the formation of omphacite. Amorphous material was detected along the fractures by transmission-electron microscopy without evidence for free-water. Since the newly formed omphacite crystals are small compared to the initial grains, we interpret the observed mechanical instability as a transformation-induced runaway under stress triggered during the transition from lawsonite–blueschist to lawsonite–eclogite. In contrast, we find no microstructural evidence that the breakdown of lawsonite, and hence the liberation of water leads to the fracturing in samples that experienced the highest quench temperatures of 1073 and 1121 K, although some AEs were detected during an experiment performed at 1.5 GPa. Our experimental results challenge the concept of “dehydration embrittlement”, which ascribes the genesis of intermediate-depth earthquakes to the breakdown of hydrous phases in the subducting oceanic plate. Instead we suggest that grain-size reduction (transformational faulting) during the transition from lawsonite–blueschist to lawsonite–eclogite leads to brittle failure of the deviatorically loaded samples.
•Brittle failure during the transition from Lws-blueschist to Lws-eclogite.•Grain-size reduction is proposed to cause brittle failure at HP/LT conditions.•Fast shear fuses the rock to produce lab-equivalents to natural pseudotachylites.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><doi>10.1016/j.epsl.2016.11.047</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-7570</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0422-8849</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9321-220X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7576-517X</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals |
| subjects | dehydration embrittlement Earth Sciences eclogitization GEOSCIENCES intermediate-depth seismicity lawsonite–blueschist Sciences of the Universe shear heating transformational faulting |
| title | Laboratory earthquakes triggered during eclogitization of lawsonite-bearing blueschist |
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