Using Naturally Occurring Radionuclides To Determine Drinking Water Age in a Community Water System
Drinking water quality in a community water system is closely linked to the age of water from initial treatment to time of delivery. However, water age is difficult to measure with conventional chemical tracers; particularly in stagnant water, where the relationship between disinfectant decay, micro...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2015-08, Vol.49 (16), p.9850-9857 |
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| creator | Waples, James T Bordewyk, Jason K Knesting, Kristina M Orlandini, Kent A |
| description | Drinking water quality in a community water system is closely linked to the age of water from initial treatment to time of delivery. However, water age is difficult to measure with conventional chemical tracers; particularly in stagnant water, where the relationship between disinfectant decay, microbial growth, and water age is poorly understood. Using radionuclides that were naturally present in source water, we found that measured activity ratios of 90Y/90Sr and 234Th/238U in discrete drinking water samples of known age accurately estimated water age up to 9 days old (σest: ± 3.8 h, P < 0.0001, r 2 = 0.998, n = 11) and 25 days old (σest: ± 13.3 h, P < 0.0001, r 2 = 0.996, n = 12), respectively. Moreover, 90Y-derived water ages in a community water system (6.8 × 104 m3 d–1 capacity) were generally consistent with water ages derived from an extended period simulation model. Radionuclides differ from conventional chemical tracers in that they are ubiquitous in distribution mains and connected premise plumbing. The ability to measure both water age and an analyte (e.g., chemical or microbe) in any water sample at any time allows for new insight into factors that control drinking water quality. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acs.est.5b03227 |
| format | Article |
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However, water age is difficult to measure with conventional chemical tracers; particularly in stagnant water, where the relationship between disinfectant decay, microbial growth, and water age is poorly understood. Using radionuclides that were naturally present in source water, we found that measured activity ratios of 90Y/90Sr and 234Th/238U in discrete drinking water samples of known age accurately estimated water age up to 9 days old (σest: ± 3.8 h, P < 0.0001, r 2 = 0.998, n = 11) and 25 days old (σest: ± 13.3 h, P < 0.0001, r 2 = 0.996, n = 12), respectively. Moreover, 90Y-derived water ages in a community water system (6.8 × 104 m3 d–1 capacity) were generally consistent with water ages derived from an extended period simulation model. Radionuclides differ from conventional chemical tracers in that they are ubiquitous in distribution mains and connected premise plumbing. 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Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>Drinking water quality in a community water system is closely linked to the age of water from initial treatment to time of delivery. However, water age is difficult to measure with conventional chemical tracers; particularly in stagnant water, where the relationship between disinfectant decay, microbial growth, and water age is poorly understood. Using radionuclides that were naturally present in source water, we found that measured activity ratios of 90Y/90Sr and 234Th/238U in discrete drinking water samples of known age accurately estimated water age up to 9 days old (σest: ± 3.8 h, P < 0.0001, r 2 = 0.998, n = 11) and 25 days old (σest: ± 13.3 h, P < 0.0001, r 2 = 0.996, n = 12), respectively. Moreover, 90Y-derived water ages in a community water system (6.8 × 104 m3 d–1 capacity) were generally consistent with water ages derived from an extended period simulation model. Radionuclides differ from conventional chemical tracers in that they are ubiquitous in distribution mains and connected premise plumbing. The ability to measure both water age and an analyte (e.g., chemical or microbe) in any water sample at any time allows for new insight into factors that control drinking water quality.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Analytical chemistry</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Drinking Water - analysis</subject><subject>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</subject><subject>Estimating techniques</subject><subject>Filtration</subject><subject>Models, Theoretical</subject><subject>Radioisotopes - analysis</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Water Quality</subject><subject>Water Supply</subject><subject>Water treatment</subject><subject>Wisconsin</subject><subject>Yttrium Radioisotopes</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>N~.</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc1r3DAQxUVpaLZpz70V0V4CxZsZ2bKtY9ikHxAaaLe0NyHLcqrUllJJPux_H5ndtlAI5CQx83tvmHmEvEJYIzA8UzquTUxr3kHJWPOErJAzKHjL8SlZAWBZiLL-cUyex3gLAKyE9hk5ZjXLf2hXRH-L1t3QzyrNQY3jjl5rPYew1L6o3no369H2JtKtpxcmmTBZZ-hFBn4tzHeVS_T8xlDrqKIbP02zs2l3aHzdxWSmF-RoUGM0Lw_vCdm-v9xuPhZX1x8-bc6vClUJkQoBDetR8XZgvKkQhVGdgAGg7vWgBsG56buqVhzqQZVDrbBvcWi46PqaCV2ekDd7Wx-TlVHbZPRP7Z0zOklkWCFvMnS6h-6C_z3n08nJRm3GUTnj5yixwTy95RwegQKvGo5CZPTtf-itn4PLyy5U3UBZ4mJ4tqd08DEGM8i7YCcVdhJBLnHKHKdc1Ic4s-L1wXfuJtP_5f_kl4F3e2BR_pv5gN09hEqpbQ</recordid><startdate>20150818</startdate><enddate>20150818</enddate><creator>Waples, James T</creator><creator>Bordewyk, Jason K</creator><creator>Knesting, Kristina M</creator><creator>Orlandini, Kent A</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><general>American Chemical Society (ACS)</general><scope>N~.</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H97</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>OIOZB</scope><scope>OTOTI</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20150818</creationdate><title>Using Naturally Occurring Radionuclides To Determine Drinking Water Age in a Community Water System</title><author>Waples, James T ; Bordewyk, Jason K ; Knesting, Kristina M ; Orlandini, Kent A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a499t-9072d1a58f2574119eab90f006dcfaf955edb46a506fa3f6a1d81f759bd629c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Analytical chemistry</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Drinking Water - analysis</topic><topic>ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES</topic><topic>Estimating techniques</topic><topic>Filtration</topic><topic>Models, Theoretical</topic><topic>Radioisotopes - analysis</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Water Quality</topic><topic>Water Supply</topic><topic>Water treatment</topic><topic>Wisconsin</topic><topic>Yttrium Radioisotopes</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Waples, James T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bordewyk, Jason K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knesting, Kristina M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Orlandini, Kent A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)</creatorcontrib><collection>American Chemical Society (ACS) Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Aqualine</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><collection>Water Resources Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 3: Aquatic Pollution & Environmental Quality</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV - Hybrid</collection><collection>OSTI.GOV</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Waples, James T</au><au>Bordewyk, Jason K</au><au>Knesting, Kristina M</au><au>Orlandini, Kent A</au><aucorp>Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Using Naturally Occurring Radionuclides To Determine Drinking Water Age in a Community Water System</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. 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| subjects | Age Analytical chemistry Drinking water Drinking Water - analysis ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Estimating techniques Filtration Models, Theoretical Radioisotopes - analysis Simulation Time Factors Water Quality Water Supply Water treatment Wisconsin Yttrium Radioisotopes |
| title | Using Naturally Occurring Radionuclides To Determine Drinking Water Age in a Community Water System |
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