Fabrication of nanoscale plasmonic structures and their applications to photonic devices and biosensors

In this review, we explored the fabrication and application of various metallic nanostructures that support localized surface plasmons. Principles and unique characteristics for individual nanopatterning technologies were demonstrated and relevant discussion focused on the process cost, throughput, and possibilities of large-area patterning and mass production. As a potential use of the nanoscale plasmonic structures, several applications such as plasmonic light sources, photovoltaic devices, and localized surface plasmon resonance biosensors were investigated. In conclusion, true realization of such promising applications could be accomplished through an advance in nanofabrication techniques, together with a better understanding of the underlying fundamentals and a greater collaboration in a variety of fields.