Early Changes in Androgen Levels in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal SwiSCI Study

Context Menopause has been associated with adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile, yet it is unclear whether the changes in CVD risk factors differ by reproductive stage independently of underlying ageing trajectories. Design The CoLaus study is a prospective population-based cohort study...

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Hauptverfasser: Raguindin, Peter Francis, Itodo, Oche Adam, Wöllner, Jens, Eriks-Hoogland, Inge, Jordan, Xavier, Hund-Georgiadis, Margret, Muka, Taulant, Pannek, Jürgen, Stoyanov, Jivko, Glisic, Marija
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creator Raguindin, Peter Francis
Itodo, Oche Adam
Wöllner, Jens
Eriks-Hoogland, Inge
Jordan, Xavier
Hund-Georgiadis, Margret
Muka, Taulant
Pannek, Jürgen
Stoyanov, Jivko
Glisic, Marija
description Context Menopause has been associated with adverse cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk profile, yet it is unclear whether the changes in CVD risk factors differ by reproductive stage independently of underlying ageing trajectories. Design The CoLaus study is a prospective population-based cohort study in Lausanne, Switzerland. Patients We used data from women at baseline and follow-up (mean: 5.6 ± 0.5 years) from 2003 to 2012 who did not use hormone therapy. We classified women into (i) premenopausal, (ii) menopausal transition, (iii) early (≤5 years) and (iv) late (>5 years) postmenopausal by comparing their menstruation status at baseline and follow-up. Measurements We measured fasting lipids, glucose and cardiovascular inflammatory markers. We used repeated measures (linear mixed models) for longitudinal analysis, using premenopausal women as a reference category. We adjusted analyses for age, medications and lifestyle factors. Results We used the data from 1710 women aged 35–75 years. Longitudinal analysis showed that the changes in CVD risk factors were not different in the other three menopausal categories compared to premenopausal women. When age was used as a predictor variable and adjusted for menopause status, most CVD risk factors increased, while interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β decreased with advancing age. Conclusion The current study suggests that women have a worsening cardiovascular risk profile as they age, and although menopausal women may have higher levels of cardiovascular risk factors compared to premenopausal women at any given time, the 5-year changes in cardiovascular risk factors may not depend on the reproductive stage.
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Design The CoLaus study is a prospective population-based cohort study in Lausanne, Switzerland. Patients We used data from women at baseline and follow-up (mean: 5.6 ± 0.5 years) from 2003 to 2012 who did not use hormone therapy. We classified women into (i) premenopausal, (ii) menopausal transition, (iii) early (≤5 years) and (iv) late (&gt;5 years) postmenopausal by comparing their menstruation status at baseline and follow-up. Measurements We measured fasting lipids, glucose and cardiovascular inflammatory markers. We used repeated measures (linear mixed models) for longitudinal analysis, using premenopausal women as a reference category. We adjusted analyses for age, medications and lifestyle factors. Results We used the data from 1710 women aged 35–75 years. Longitudinal analysis showed that the changes in CVD risk factors were not different in the other three menopausal categories compared to premenopausal women. When age was used as a predictor variable and adjusted for menopause status, most CVD risk factors increased, while interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β decreased with advancing age. 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Design The CoLaus study is a prospective population-based cohort study in Lausanne, Switzerland. Patients We used data from women at baseline and follow-up (mean: 5.6 ± 0.5 years) from 2003 to 2012 who did not use hormone therapy. We classified women into (i) premenopausal, (ii) menopausal transition, (iii) early (≤5 years) and (iv) late (&gt;5 years) postmenopausal by comparing their menstruation status at baseline and follow-up. Measurements We measured fasting lipids, glucose and cardiovascular inflammatory markers. We used repeated measures (linear mixed models) for longitudinal analysis, using premenopausal women as a reference category. We adjusted analyses for age, medications and lifestyle factors. Results We used the data from 1710 women aged 35–75 years. Longitudinal analysis showed that the changes in CVD risk factors were not different in the other three menopausal categories compared to premenopausal women. When age was used as a predictor variable and adjusted for menopause status, most CVD risk factors increased, while interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β decreased with advancing age. 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When age was used as a predictor variable and adjusted for menopause status, most CVD risk factors increased, while interleukin-6 and interleukin-1β decreased with advancing age. Conclusion The current study suggests that women have a worsening cardiovascular risk profile as they age, and although menopausal women may have higher levels of cardiovascular risk factors compared to premenopausal women at any given time, the 5-year changes in cardiovascular risk factors may not depend on the reproductive stage.</abstract><pub>Zenodo</pub><doi>10.5281/zenodo.8123544</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9716-4746</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects androgens
dehydroepiandrosterone
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
rehabilitation
sex hormone-binding globulin
spinal cord injury
testosterone
title Early Changes in Androgen Levels in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: A Longitudinal SwiSCI Study
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