미국 및 홍콩 수출을 위한 한국산 포도의 농약 잔류저감형 병해 방제력 개발

This study was conducted to develop an efficient spray calendar to control diseases in production of grapes to be exported to United States of America and Hong Kong by use of fungicides permitted by maximum residue levels (MRLs) in both USA and Hong Kong in 'Campbell Early' (Sangju, Gyeongbuk) and 'Kyoho' (Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk) vineyards managed in Wakeman's training system under the rainshelter system. Fungicides including azoxystrobin, boscalid, difenoconazole, dimethomorph, fenhexamid, fludioxonil, iprodione, kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, myclobutanil, tebuconazole, trifloxystrobin, were preliminarily selected and sprayed to the vineyards at vine growing stages, which are before budding, before blooming, berry development, veraison, and ripening stages in 2015 to 2016. After fungicides were sprayed as scheduled in the vineyard, the incidence of diseases on the trees was counted before fruit harvest, and characteristics and chemical residues were investigated in harvested fruits. Leaf spot were shown to be inhibited the most effectively in treatment 2 in vineyards for exportation to USA, and in treatment 2 in vineyards for exportation to Hong Kong in 2015, and in treatment 4 for exportation to both countries. There is no significance between fungicide treatment and non-treatment in fruit characteristics such as cluster weight, berry weight and total soluble solid contents. Chemical residue was never detected or was detected in the levels lower than MRL in fungicide-sprayed treatment. Selected chemicals and optimum timing to spray them in vineyards in this study can provide very useful information in developing efficient safe spray calendar which is acceptable for grape importing countries, and to promote exportation of Korean grapes to foreign countries. 미국 및 홍콩에 수출을 목적으로 수출대상국의 농약잔류허용기준(MRL)에 적합하며 안정적이고 우수한 품질의 포도를 생산할 수 있는 포도 병해 방제력을 개발하고자 관행적인 간이비가림시설에서 웨이크만수형으로 관리되는 '캠벨얼리' 포도원(경북 상주 소재)과 '거봉' 포도원(경산 소재)을 선정하여 실험을 수행하였다. 미국과 홍콩에서 허용기준이 설정되어 있으면서 우리나라 포도 재배에서 많이 사용되는 살균제를 선발하여, 병해 방제를 목적으로 발아전(1회), 개화전(1회), 개화기(1회), 과립비대기(1회), 변색기(1~2회), 성숙기(1회)로 구분하여 살포하였다. 2015년과 2016년에 걸쳐 약제를 살포하고 수확 전에 병해 발생 여부를 조사하고 과실을 수확하여 과실 특성 및 잔류 농약을 분석하였다. 갈색무늬병에 대한 방제는 tebuconazole, fenhexamid, iprodione, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, difenoconazole 등의 약제와 tebuconazole, fenhexamid, tebuconazole trifloxystrobin, myclobutanil, difenoconazole, trifloxystrobin 등의 적절한 약제 구성과 적기의 처리를 통해 70-90%의 방제가를 얻었다. 2년에 걸친 과실 품질 분석에서는 미국과 홍콩 모두 각 농가별 약제 처리구에서는 유의차가 없었고, 잔류농약 분석 결과는 미국과