Neuroprotective effects of Paeonia lactiflora and its active compound paeoniflorin against Aβ 25-35 -induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells

Excessive accumulation of the amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Paeonia lactiflora (PL) has been used in treatments of several conditions such as inflammation, arthritis, and cognitive impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect and mechanisms of PL and its active compound, paeoniflorin (PF), on Aβ 25-35 -induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. We evaluated cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore, underlying mechanism of PL and PF on the regulation of amyloidogenic pathway was analyzed by Western blotting. In our results, Aβ 25-35 -induced neuronal cell loss was observed, whereas treatment with PL (10, 50, and 100 μg/mL) and PF (1, 5, and 10 μg/mL) significantly elevated the cell viability, and decreased LDH release and ROS production. In addition, exposure of SH-SY5Y cells to Aβ 25-35 significantly increased the protein levels of amyloid precursor protein (APP)-C-terminal fragment β, β-site APP-cleaving enzyme, and presenilin-1 and -2. However, treatment with PL and PF inhibited the amyloidogenic pathway via the down-regulation of those protein expressions. Taken together, our results indicate that PL, and its active compound PF, could protect SH-SY5Y cells against Aβ 25-35 -induced cell neurotoxicity by attenuating LDH release and ROS production, and these effects may be attributed to regulation of amyloidogenic pathway-related protein expression. In conclusion, PL and PF could be a potential to prevent neurodegenerative disorders such as AD.