Attentional Modulation of Prepulse Inhibition: A New Startle Paradigm
There is increasing evidence for an influence of directed attention on prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex. However, the existing paradigms for the assessment of this effect have methodological problems and pitfalls. In particular, most previous studies used a paradigm which dir...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Neuropsychobiology 2004-01, Vol.49 (2), p.88-93 |
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description | There is increasing evidence for an influence of directed attention on prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex. However, the existing paradigms for the assessment of this effect have methodological problems and pitfalls. In particular, most previous studies used a paradigm which directed the attention of subjects to the prepulse only. In the present study, we used a modified paradigm which directed the attention of the subjects both to the prepulse and the pulse. Twenty healthy male subjects were instructed trial by trial either to relax or to attend to the startle stimulus and decide whether it was a ‘simple’ (prepulse alone or pulse alone) or a ‘composite’ trial (pulse plus a prepulse or postpulse). Directed attention enhanced PPI at the lead interval of 240 ms, but not at the lead interval of 100 ms. This finding is in line with the idea that attention contributes to PPI when there is enough time for the attentional mechanisms to exert an influence. This new paradigm offers a valuable tool for the study of attentional modulation of sensorimotor gating in humans. |
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However, the existing paradigms for the assessment of this effect have methodological problems and pitfalls. In particular, most previous studies used a paradigm which directed the attention of subjects to the prepulse only. In the present study, we used a modified paradigm which directed the attention of the subjects both to the prepulse and the pulse. Twenty healthy male subjects were instructed trial by trial either to relax or to attend to the startle stimulus and decide whether it was a ‘simple’ (prepulse alone or pulse alone) or a ‘composite’ trial (pulse plus a prepulse or postpulse). Directed attention enhanced PPI at the lead interval of 240 ms, but not at the lead interval of 100 ms. This finding is in line with the idea that attention contributes to PPI when there is enough time for the attentional mechanisms to exert an influence. 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However, the existing paradigms for the assessment of this effect have methodological problems and pitfalls. In particular, most previous studies used a paradigm which directed the attention of subjects to the prepulse only. In the present study, we used a modified paradigm which directed the attention of the subjects both to the prepulse and the pulse. Twenty healthy male subjects were instructed trial by trial either to relax or to attend to the startle stimulus and decide whether it was a ‘simple’ (prepulse alone or pulse alone) or a ‘composite’ trial (pulse plus a prepulse or postpulse). Directed attention enhanced PPI at the lead interval of 240 ms, but not at the lead interval of 100 ms. This finding is in line with the idea that attention contributes to PPI when there is enough time for the attentional mechanisms to exert an influence. This new paradigm offers a valuable tool for the study of attentional modulation of sensorimotor gating in humans.</description><subject>Acoustic Stimulation - methods</subject><subject>Activity levels. Psychomotricity</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Attention - physiology</subject><subject>Attention - radiation effects</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biological Psychology/Pharmacopsychology. Editor: P. Netter (Giessen). Original Paper</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inhibition (Psychology)</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Reaction Time</subject><subject>Reflex, Acoustic - physiology</subject><subject>Reflex, Acoustic - radiation effects</subject><subject>Reflex, Startle - physiology</subject><subject>Reflex, Startle - radiation effects</subject><subject>Relaxation - physiology</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Vigilance. Attention. 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However, the existing paradigms for the assessment of this effect have methodological problems and pitfalls. In particular, most previous studies used a paradigm which directed the attention of subjects to the prepulse only. In the present study, we used a modified paradigm which directed the attention of the subjects both to the prepulse and the pulse. Twenty healthy male subjects were instructed trial by trial either to relax or to attend to the startle stimulus and decide whether it was a ‘simple’ (prepulse alone or pulse alone) or a ‘composite’ trial (pulse plus a prepulse or postpulse). Directed attention enhanced PPI at the lead interval of 240 ms, but not at the lead interval of 100 ms. This finding is in line with the idea that attention contributes to PPI when there is enough time for the attentional mechanisms to exert an influence. This new paradigm offers a valuable tool for the study of attentional modulation of sensorimotor gating in humans.</abstract><cop>Basel, Switzerland</cop><pub>Karger</pub><pmid>14981340</pmid><doi>10.1159/000076416</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Acoustic Stimulation - methods Activity levels. Psychomotricity Adult Attention - physiology Attention - radiation effects Biological and medical sciences Biological Psychology/Pharmacopsychology. Editor: P. Netter (Giessen). Original Paper Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Humans Inhibition (Psychology) Male Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Reaction Time Reflex, Acoustic - physiology Reflex, Acoustic - radiation effects Reflex, Startle - physiology Reflex, Startle - radiation effects Relaxation - physiology Time Factors Vigilance. Attention. Sleep |
title | Attentional Modulation of Prepulse Inhibition: A New Startle Paradigm |
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