miR-338-5p Regulates the Viability, Proliferation, Apoptosis and Migration of Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes by Targeting NFAT5

Abstract Background/Aims: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and prognosis. However, little is known about the disease mechanism in RA. Here, we aim to investigate the potential association between miR-338-5p and NFAT5 in RA. Methods: Aberr...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Cellular physiology and biochemistry 2018-01, Vol.49 (3), p.899-910
Hauptverfasser: Guo, Ting, Ding, Hao, Jiang, Hui, Bao, Nirong, Zhou, Liwu, Zhao, Jianning
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 910
container_issue 3
container_start_page 899
container_title Cellular physiology and biochemistry
container_volume 49
creator Guo, Ting
Ding, Hao
Jiang, Hui
Bao, Nirong
Zhou, Liwu
Zhao, Jianning
description Abstract Background/Aims: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and prognosis. However, little is known about the disease mechanism in RA. Here, we aim to investigate the potential association between miR-338-5p and NFAT5 in RA. Methods: Aberrant expression of miR-338-5p in RA tissues and rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLSs) compared to the normal were determined by RT-qPCR. Cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 assay, and cell apoptosis was analyzed via Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and was detected using flow cytometry. The targeted relationship was determined by TargetScan database and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results: Upregulation of miR-338-5p facilitated the proliferation, migration, invasion and induced G0/G1 arrest of RAFLSs while miR-338-5p inhibitor functioned oppositely. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) was confirmed as a downstream target of miR-338-5p which expression was directly suppressed by miR-338-5p. Overexpression of NFAT5 attenuated the proliferation and metastasis of RAFLSs and those changes could be rescued by co-transfection of miR-338-5p. Conclusion: miR-338-5p promotes RAFLS’s viability and proliferation, migration by targeting NFAT5, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for RA.
doi_str_mv 10.1159/000493222
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_karge</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_karger_primary_493222</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_657154108b2f4c6eb3e3c7528abdc065</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>2100341247</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c463t-9d916c6d6b6f062554a47e7c61c9ae3332e1d82632cf50bfd8be9678e983563d3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpt0ctv0zAcB_AIgdgYHLgjZGkXJi3gR_w6lorCpAJTKVwjv9K6S-NgO0j9N_YXk5LRA-Lk18dfP35F8RLBtwhR-Q5CWEmCMX5UnKMKo1JyLh6PfYhoKaTgZ8WzlHZwHHKJnxZnBCJR0QqfF_d7vyoJESXtwcpthlZll0DeOvDDK-1bnw_X4DaG1jcuquxDdw1mfehzSD4B1Vnw2W-mBRAasNq6Ya9y8BbMYt5Gn0e18DoG3aqUy6W_c-DboQu_fDCH41H6ANYqblz23QZ8WczW9HnxpFFtci8e2ovi--LDev6pXH79eDOfLUtTMZJLaSVihlmmWQMZprRSFXfcMGSkcoQQ7JAVmBFsGgp1Y4V2knHhpCCUEUsuipsp1wa1q_vo9yoe6qB8_WcixE2tYvamdTWjHNEKQaFxUxnmNHHEcIqF0tZARsesN1NWH8PPwaVc730yrm1V58KQaowgJBXCFR_p5T90F4bYjS8dFeJIQgKP6mpSJoaUomtOF0SwPha9PhV9tK8fEge9d_Yk_1Z5BK8mcHf86XgCp_2X_12e376fRN3bhvwGxCa6Ug</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2117190307</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>miR-338-5p Regulates the Viability, Proliferation, Apoptosis and Migration of Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes by Targeting NFAT5</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Karger Open Access</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><creator>Guo, Ting ; Ding, Hao ; Jiang, Hui ; Bao, Nirong ; Zhou, Liwu ; Zhao, Jianning</creator><creatorcontrib>Guo, Ting ; Ding, Hao ; Jiang, Hui ; Bao, Nirong ; Zhou, Liwu ; Zhao, Jianning</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract Background/Aims: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and prognosis. However, little is known about the disease mechanism in RA. Here, we aim to investigate the potential association between miR-338-5p and NFAT5 in RA. Methods: Aberrant expression of miR-338-5p in RA tissues and rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLSs) compared to the normal were determined by RT-qPCR. Cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 assay, and cell apoptosis was analyzed via Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and was detected using flow cytometry. The targeted relationship was determined by TargetScan database and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results: Upregulation of miR-338-5p facilitated the proliferation, migration, invasion and induced G0/G1 arrest of RAFLSs while miR-338-5p inhibitor functioned oppositely. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) was confirmed as a downstream target of miR-338-5p which expression was directly suppressed by miR-338-5p. Overexpression of NFAT5 attenuated the proliferation and metastasis of RAFLSs and those changes could be rescued by co-transfection of miR-338-5p. Conclusion: miR-338-5p promotes RAFLS’s viability and proliferation, migration by targeting NFAT5, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for RA.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1015-8987</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1421-9778</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1159/000493222</identifier><identifier>PMID: 30184542</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Basel, Switzerland: S. Karger AG</publisher><subject>3' Untranslated Regions ; Adult ; Angiogenesis ; Antagomirs - metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - metabolism ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid - pathology ; Base Sequence ; Cancer ; Cell cycle ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Chemokines ; Cytokines ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints ; Gene expression ; Humans ; Joint surgery ; Kinases ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; MicroRNAs - antagonists &amp; inhibitors ; MicroRNAs - genetics ; MicroRNAs - metabolism ; Middle Aged ; MiR-338-5p ; NFAT5 ; Original Paper ; Pathogenesis ; RAFLSs ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Roles ; Sequence Alignment ; Synoviocytes - cytology ; Synoviocytes - metabolism ; Transcription Factors - chemistry ; Transcription Factors - genetics ; Transcription Factors - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Cellular physiology and biochemistry, 2018-01, Vol.49 (3), p.899-910</ispartof><rights>2018 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel</rights><rights>2018 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.</rights><rights>2018 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel . Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at: https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/reusing-open-access-and-sage-choice-content</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c463t-9d916c6d6b6f062554a47e7c61c9ae3332e1d82632cf50bfd8be9678e983563d3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,861,2096,27616,27905,27906</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30184542$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Guo, Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bao, Nirong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Liwu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Jianning</creatorcontrib><title>miR-338-5p Regulates the Viability, Proliferation, Apoptosis and Migration of Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes by Targeting NFAT5</title><title>Cellular physiology and biochemistry</title><addtitle>Cell Physiol Biochem</addtitle><description>Abstract Background/Aims: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and prognosis. However, little is known about the disease mechanism in RA. Here, we aim to investigate the potential association between miR-338-5p and NFAT5 in RA. Methods: Aberrant expression of miR-338-5p in RA tissues and rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLSs) compared to the normal were determined by RT-qPCR. Cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 assay, and cell apoptosis was analyzed via Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and was detected using flow cytometry. The targeted relationship was determined by TargetScan database and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results: Upregulation of miR-338-5p facilitated the proliferation, migration, invasion and induced G0/G1 arrest of RAFLSs while miR-338-5p inhibitor functioned oppositely. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) was confirmed as a downstream target of miR-338-5p which expression was directly suppressed by miR-338-5p. Overexpression of NFAT5 attenuated the proliferation and metastasis of RAFLSs and those changes could be rescued by co-transfection of miR-338-5p. Conclusion: miR-338-5p promotes RAFLS’s viability and proliferation, migration by targeting NFAT5, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for RA.</description><subject>3' Untranslated Regions</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Angiogenesis</subject><subject>Antagomirs - metabolism</subject><subject>Apoptosis</subject><subject>Arthritis, Rheumatoid - metabolism</subject><subject>Arthritis, Rheumatoid - pathology</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Cell Movement</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation</subject><subject>Cells, Cultured</subject><subject>Chemokines</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fibroblasts</subject><subject>G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Joint surgery</subject><subject>Kinases</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>MicroRNAs</subject><subject>MicroRNAs - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</subject><subject>MicroRNAs - genetics</subject><subject>MicroRNAs - metabolism</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>MiR-338-5p</subject><subject>NFAT5</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Pathogenesis</subject><subject>RAFLSs</subject><subject>Rheumatoid arthritis</subject><subject>Roles</subject><subject>Sequence Alignment</subject><subject>Synoviocytes - cytology</subject><subject>Synoviocytes - metabolism</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - chemistry</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - genetics</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - metabolism</subject><issn>1015-8987</issn><issn>1421-9778</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>M--</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNpt0ctv0zAcB_AIgdgYHLgjZGkXJi3gR_w6lorCpAJTKVwjv9K6S-NgO0j9N_YXk5LRA-Lk18dfP35F8RLBtwhR-Q5CWEmCMX5UnKMKo1JyLh6PfYhoKaTgZ8WzlHZwHHKJnxZnBCJR0QqfF_d7vyoJESXtwcpthlZll0DeOvDDK-1bnw_X4DaG1jcuquxDdw1mfehzSD4B1Vnw2W-mBRAasNq6Ya9y8BbMYt5Gn0e18DoG3aqUy6W_c-DboQu_fDCH41H6ANYqblz23QZ8WczW9HnxpFFtci8e2ovi--LDev6pXH79eDOfLUtTMZJLaSVihlmmWQMZprRSFXfcMGSkcoQQ7JAVmBFsGgp1Y4V2knHhpCCUEUsuipsp1wa1q_vo9yoe6qB8_WcixE2tYvamdTWjHNEKQaFxUxnmNHHEcIqF0tZARsesN1NWH8PPwaVc730yrm1V58KQaowgJBXCFR_p5T90F4bYjS8dFeJIQgKP6mpSJoaUomtOF0SwPha9PhV9tK8fEge9d_Yk_1Z5BK8mcHf86XgCp_2X_12e376fRN3bhvwGxCa6Ug</recordid><startdate>20180101</startdate><enddate>20180101</enddate><creator>Guo, Ting</creator><creator>Ding, Hao</creator><creator>Jiang, Hui</creator><creator>Bao, Nirong</creator><creator>Zhou, Liwu</creator><creator>Zhao, Jianning</creator><general>S. Karger AG</general><general>Cell Physiol Biochem Press GmbH &amp; Co KG</general><scope>M--</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180101</creationdate><title>miR-338-5p Regulates the Viability, Proliferation, Apoptosis and Migration of Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes by Targeting NFAT5</title><author>Guo, Ting ; Ding, Hao ; Jiang, Hui ; Bao, Nirong ; Zhou, Liwu ; Zhao, Jianning</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c463t-9d916c6d6b6f062554a47e7c61c9ae3332e1d82632cf50bfd8be9678e983563d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>3' Untranslated Regions</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Angiogenesis</topic><topic>Antagomirs - metabolism</topic><topic>Apoptosis</topic><topic>Arthritis, Rheumatoid - metabolism</topic><topic>Arthritis, Rheumatoid - pathology</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Cell cycle</topic><topic>Cell Movement</topic><topic>Cell Proliferation</topic><topic>Cells, Cultured</topic><topic>Chemokines</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fibroblasts</topic><topic>G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Joint surgery</topic><topic>Kinases</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>MicroRNAs</topic><topic>MicroRNAs - antagonists &amp; inhibitors</topic><topic>MicroRNAs - genetics</topic><topic>MicroRNAs - metabolism</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>MiR-338-5p</topic><topic>NFAT5</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Pathogenesis</topic><topic>RAFLSs</topic><topic>Rheumatoid arthritis</topic><topic>Roles</topic><topic>Sequence Alignment</topic><topic>Synoviocytes - cytology</topic><topic>Synoviocytes - metabolism</topic><topic>Transcription Factors - chemistry</topic><topic>Transcription Factors - genetics</topic><topic>Transcription Factors - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Guo, Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ding, Hao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bao, Nirong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Liwu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhao, Jianning</creatorcontrib><collection>Karger Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Cellular physiology and biochemistry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Guo, Ting</au><au>Ding, Hao</au><au>Jiang, Hui</au><au>Bao, Nirong</au><au>Zhou, Liwu</au><au>Zhao, Jianning</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>miR-338-5p Regulates the Viability, Proliferation, Apoptosis and Migration of Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes by Targeting NFAT5</atitle><jtitle>Cellular physiology and biochemistry</jtitle><addtitle>Cell Physiol Biochem</addtitle><date>2018-01-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>899</spage><epage>910</epage><pages>899-910</pages><issn>1015-8987</issn><eissn>1421-9778</eissn><abstract>Abstract Background/Aims: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be involved in Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis and prognosis. However, little is known about the disease mechanism in RA. Here, we aim to investigate the potential association between miR-338-5p and NFAT5 in RA. Methods: Aberrant expression of miR-338-5p in RA tissues and rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RAFLSs) compared to the normal were determined by RT-qPCR. Cell viability was determined using the CCK-8 assay, and cell apoptosis was analyzed via Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining and was detected using flow cytometry. The targeted relationship was determined by TargetScan database and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results: Upregulation of miR-338-5p facilitated the proliferation, migration, invasion and induced G0/G1 arrest of RAFLSs while miR-338-5p inhibitor functioned oppositely. Nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5 (NFAT5) was confirmed as a downstream target of miR-338-5p which expression was directly suppressed by miR-338-5p. Overexpression of NFAT5 attenuated the proliferation and metastasis of RAFLSs and those changes could be rescued by co-transfection of miR-338-5p. Conclusion: miR-338-5p promotes RAFLS’s viability and proliferation, migration by targeting NFAT5, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for RA.</abstract><cop>Basel, Switzerland</cop><pub>S. Karger AG</pub><pmid>30184542</pmid><doi>10.1159/000493222</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 1015-8987
ispartof Cellular physiology and biochemistry, 2018-01, Vol.49 (3), p.899-910
issn 1015-8987
1421-9778
language eng
recordid cdi_karger_primary_493222
source MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Karger Open Access; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals
subjects 3' Untranslated Regions
Adult
Angiogenesis
Antagomirs - metabolism
Apoptosis
Arthritis, Rheumatoid - metabolism
Arthritis, Rheumatoid - pathology
Base Sequence
Cancer
Cell cycle
Cell Movement
Cell Proliferation
Cells, Cultured
Chemokines
Cytokines
Female
Fibroblasts
G1 Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints
Gene expression
Humans
Joint surgery
Kinases
Male
MicroRNAs
MicroRNAs - antagonists & inhibitors
MicroRNAs - genetics
MicroRNAs - metabolism
Middle Aged
MiR-338-5p
NFAT5
Original Paper
Pathogenesis
RAFLSs
Rheumatoid arthritis
Roles
Sequence Alignment
Synoviocytes - cytology
Synoviocytes - metabolism
Transcription Factors - chemistry
Transcription Factors - genetics
Transcription Factors - metabolism
title miR-338-5p Regulates the Viability, Proliferation, Apoptosis and Migration of Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes by Targeting NFAT5
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-20T19%3A16%3A19IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_karge&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=miR-338-5p%20Regulates%20the%20Viability,%20Proliferation,%20Apoptosis%20and%20Migration%20of%20Rheumatoid%20Arthritis%20Fibroblast-Like%20Synoviocytes%20by%20Targeting%20NFAT5&rft.jtitle=Cellular%20physiology%20and%20biochemistry&rft.au=Guo,%20Ting&rft.date=2018-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=899&rft.epage=910&rft.pages=899-910&rft.issn=1015-8987&rft.eissn=1421-9778&rft_id=info:doi/10.1159/000493222&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_karge%3E2100341247%3C/proquest_karge%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2117190307&rft_id=info:pmid/30184542&rft_doaj_id=oai_doaj_org_article_657154108b2f4c6eb3e3c7528abdc065&rfr_iscdi=true