Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain pine beetle activity in the southern Rocky Mountains
The current mountain pine beetle (MPB; Dendroctonus ponderosae ) outbreak in the southern Rocky Mountains has impacted ∼ 750 000 ha of forest. Weather and habitat heterogeneity influence forest insect population dynamics at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Comparison of forest insect population...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Ecology (Durham) 2012-10, Vol.93 (10), p.2175-2185 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 2185 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 10 |
| container_start_page | 2175 |
| container_title | Ecology (Durham) |
| container_volume | 93 |
| creator | Chapman, Teresa B Veblen, Thomas T Schoennagel, Tania |
| description | The current mountain pine beetle (MPB;
Dendroctonus ponderosae
) outbreak in the southern Rocky Mountains has impacted
∼
750 000 ha of forest. Weather and habitat heterogeneity influence forest insect population dynamics at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Comparison of forest insect population dynamics in two principal host species may elucidate the relative contribution of weather and landscape factors in initiating and driving extensive outbreaks. To investigate potential drivers of the current MPB outbreak, we compared broadscale spatiotemporal patterns of MPB activity in lodgepole pine (
Pinus contorta
) and ponderosa pine (
Pinus ponderosa
) from 1996 to 2010 in Colorado and southern Wyoming with regional weather fluctuations, and then tracked the annual meso-scale progression of the epidemic in lodgepole pine with respect to weather, topographic, previous MPB activity, and forest stand attributes. MPB activity in lodgepole pine compared to ponderosa pine showed higher magnitude and extent of spatial synchrony. Warm temperatures and low annual precipitation favorable to beetle populations showed high regional synchrony across areas of both pine species, suggesting that habitat interacts with weather in synchronizing MPB populations. Cluster analysis of time series patterns identified multiple, disjunct locations of incipient MPB activity (epicenters) in lodgepole pine, which overlapped an earlier 1980s MPB outbreak, and suggests a regional trigger (drought) across this homogenous forest type. Negative departures from mean annual precipitation played a key role in subsequent spread of MPB outbreak. Development of the outbreak was also associated with lower elevations, greater dominance by lodgepole pine, stands of larger tree size, and stands with higher percentage canopy cover. After epidemic levels of MPB activity were attained, MPB activity was less strongly associated with stand and weather variables. These results emphasize the importance of considering differences in patterns of MPB dynamics for different host pine species even under similar regional-scale weather variation and the nonstationarity of outbreak dynamics over time. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1890/11-1055.1 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_atypo</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_jstor_primary_41739282</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>41739282</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>41739282</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-a5915-9f0bd17df76abd2e6ed6101c9d39fe623041b541662eb932b880eb550ccd612e3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFklGL1DAQx4Mo3nr64AdQAyLoQ89M0qTNoyx3KpwIngf6FNJ2ql27TS9JPfvtzdJ1D-TEvAxJfv__ZGZCyGNgJ1Bq9hogAyblCdwhK9BCZxoKdpesGAOeaSXLI_IghA1LC_LyPjniAkpZFnpFvlyMNnYu4nZ03vY07SL6IVDX0q2bhmi7gY7dgLRCjD1SW8fuZxdnms7jd6TBTSn4gX5y9Y-ZfthrwkNyr7V9wEf7eEwuz04_r99l5x_fvl-_Oc-s1CAz3bKqgaJpC2WrhqPCRgGDWjdCt6i4YDlUMgelOFZa8KosGVZSsrpOIEdxTF4uvqN3VxOGaLZdqLHv7YBuCga4KAG0Tlb_RzkrdA6cJfT5X-jGTX5IhRgAkCo1WUOiXi1U7V0IHlsz-m5r_WyAmd1kEmx2kzE79unecaq22BzIP6NIwIs9YENt-9bboe7CDadSViZE4tTCXXc9zv_OaE7XX3n6AFoA41DIJHyyCDchOn8Q5lAIzctde54t9611xn7zKfnlRXJQ6dfoxMibrtg4j24wGOytld5CHV41Nq2Jv6L4DYdGzQU</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1115693991</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain pine beetle activity in the southern Rocky Mountains</title><source>Jstor Complete Legacy</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Chapman, Teresa B ; Veblen, Thomas T ; Schoennagel, Tania</creator><contributor>Franklin, J</contributor><creatorcontrib>Chapman, Teresa B ; Veblen, Thomas T ; Schoennagel, Tania ; Franklin, J</creatorcontrib><description>The current mountain pine beetle (MPB;
Dendroctonus ponderosae
) outbreak in the southern Rocky Mountains has impacted
∼
750 000 ha of forest. Weather and habitat heterogeneity influence forest insect population dynamics at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Comparison of forest insect population dynamics in two principal host species may elucidate the relative contribution of weather and landscape factors in initiating and driving extensive outbreaks. To investigate potential drivers of the current MPB outbreak, we compared broadscale spatiotemporal patterns of MPB activity in lodgepole pine (
Pinus contorta
) and ponderosa pine (
Pinus ponderosa
) from 1996 to 2010 in Colorado and southern Wyoming with regional weather fluctuations, and then tracked the annual meso-scale progression of the epidemic in lodgepole pine with respect to weather, topographic, previous MPB activity, and forest stand attributes. MPB activity in lodgepole pine compared to ponderosa pine showed higher magnitude and extent of spatial synchrony. Warm temperatures and low annual precipitation favorable to beetle populations showed high regional synchrony across areas of both pine species, suggesting that habitat interacts with weather in synchronizing MPB populations. Cluster analysis of time series patterns identified multiple, disjunct locations of incipient MPB activity (epicenters) in lodgepole pine, which overlapped an earlier 1980s MPB outbreak, and suggests a regional trigger (drought) across this homogenous forest type. Negative departures from mean annual precipitation played a key role in subsequent spread of MPB outbreak. Development of the outbreak was also associated with lower elevations, greater dominance by lodgepole pine, stands of larger tree size, and stands with higher percentage canopy cover. After epidemic levels of MPB activity were attained, MPB activity was less strongly associated with stand and weather variables. These results emphasize the importance of considering differences in patterns of MPB dynamics for different host pine species even under similar regional-scale weather variation and the nonstationarity of outbreak dynamics over time.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-9658</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-9170</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1890/11-1055.1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23185879</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ECGYAQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Ecological Society of America</publisher><subject>Animal and plant ecology ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; atmospheric precipitation ; bark beetle ; Bark beetles ; Beetles ; Biological and medical sciences ; Canopies ; canopy ; Climate Change ; cluster analysis ; Coleoptera - physiology ; Colorado ; Coniferous forests ; Demography ; Dendroctonus ponderosae ; Drought ; Ecology ; epicenter ; epidemic ; Epidemics ; forest insects ; Forest service ; forest stands ; forest types ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; Habitats ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; hosts ; Insects ; landscapes ; lodgepole pine ; lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) ; Mortality ; Mountains ; Pinus - parasitology ; Pinus contorta ; Pinus contorta var. latifolia ; Pinus ponderosa ; ponderosa pine ; ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) ; Population biology ; population dynamics ; Population growth ; Rocky Mountains, USA ; spatial synchrony ; temperature ; time series analysis ; trees ; Weather ; Wyoming</subject><ispartof>Ecology (Durham), 2012-10, Vol.93 (10), p.2175-2185</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2012 Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>2012 by the Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Ecological Society of America Oct 2012</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a5915-9f0bd17df76abd2e6ed6101c9d39fe623041b541662eb932b880eb550ccd612e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a5915-9f0bd17df76abd2e6ed6101c9d39fe623041b541662eb932b880eb550ccd612e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/41739282$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/41739282$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,799,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=26569033$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23185879$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Franklin, J</contributor><creatorcontrib>Chapman, Teresa B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Veblen, Thomas T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schoennagel, Tania</creatorcontrib><title>Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain pine beetle activity in the southern Rocky Mountains</title><title>Ecology (Durham)</title><addtitle>Ecology</addtitle><description>The current mountain pine beetle (MPB;
Dendroctonus ponderosae
) outbreak in the southern Rocky Mountains has impacted
∼
750 000 ha of forest. Weather and habitat heterogeneity influence forest insect population dynamics at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Comparison of forest insect population dynamics in two principal host species may elucidate the relative contribution of weather and landscape factors in initiating and driving extensive outbreaks. To investigate potential drivers of the current MPB outbreak, we compared broadscale spatiotemporal patterns of MPB activity in lodgepole pine (
Pinus contorta
) and ponderosa pine (
Pinus ponderosa
) from 1996 to 2010 in Colorado and southern Wyoming with regional weather fluctuations, and then tracked the annual meso-scale progression of the epidemic in lodgepole pine with respect to weather, topographic, previous MPB activity, and forest stand attributes. MPB activity in lodgepole pine compared to ponderosa pine showed higher magnitude and extent of spatial synchrony. Warm temperatures and low annual precipitation favorable to beetle populations showed high regional synchrony across areas of both pine species, suggesting that habitat interacts with weather in synchronizing MPB populations. Cluster analysis of time series patterns identified multiple, disjunct locations of incipient MPB activity (epicenters) in lodgepole pine, which overlapped an earlier 1980s MPB outbreak, and suggests a regional trigger (drought) across this homogenous forest type. Negative departures from mean annual precipitation played a key role in subsequent spread of MPB outbreak. Development of the outbreak was also associated with lower elevations, greater dominance by lodgepole pine, stands of larger tree size, and stands with higher percentage canopy cover. After epidemic levels of MPB activity were attained, MPB activity was less strongly associated with stand and weather variables. These results emphasize the importance of considering differences in patterns of MPB dynamics for different host pine species even under similar regional-scale weather variation and the nonstationarity of outbreak dynamics over time.</description><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>atmospheric precipitation</subject><subject>bark beetle</subject><subject>Bark beetles</subject><subject>Beetles</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Canopies</subject><subject>canopy</subject><subject>Climate Change</subject><subject>cluster analysis</subject><subject>Coleoptera - physiology</subject><subject>Colorado</subject><subject>Coniferous forests</subject><subject>Demography</subject><subject>Dendroctonus ponderosae</subject><subject>Drought</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>epicenter</subject><subject>epidemic</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>forest insects</subject><subject>Forest service</subject><subject>forest stands</subject><subject>forest types</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Habitats</subject><subject>Host-Parasite Interactions</subject><subject>hosts</subject><subject>Insects</subject><subject>landscapes</subject><subject>lodgepole pine</subject><subject>lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Mountains</subject><subject>Pinus - parasitology</subject><subject>Pinus contorta</subject><subject>Pinus contorta var. latifolia</subject><subject>Pinus ponderosa</subject><subject>ponderosa pine</subject><subject>ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)</subject><subject>Population biology</subject><subject>population dynamics</subject><subject>Population growth</subject><subject>Rocky Mountains, USA</subject><subject>spatial synchrony</subject><subject>temperature</subject><subject>time series analysis</subject><subject>trees</subject><subject>Weather</subject><subject>Wyoming</subject><issn>0012-9658</issn><issn>1939-9170</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2012</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFklGL1DAQx4Mo3nr64AdQAyLoQ89M0qTNoyx3KpwIngf6FNJ2ql27TS9JPfvtzdJ1D-TEvAxJfv__ZGZCyGNgJ1Bq9hogAyblCdwhK9BCZxoKdpesGAOeaSXLI_IghA1LC_LyPjniAkpZFnpFvlyMNnYu4nZ03vY07SL6IVDX0q2bhmi7gY7dgLRCjD1SW8fuZxdnms7jd6TBTSn4gX5y9Y-ZfthrwkNyr7V9wEf7eEwuz04_r99l5x_fvl-_Oc-s1CAz3bKqgaJpC2WrhqPCRgGDWjdCt6i4YDlUMgelOFZa8KosGVZSsrpOIEdxTF4uvqN3VxOGaLZdqLHv7YBuCga4KAG0Tlb_RzkrdA6cJfT5X-jGTX5IhRgAkCo1WUOiXi1U7V0IHlsz-m5r_WyAmd1kEmx2kzE79unecaq22BzIP6NIwIs9YENt-9bboe7CDadSViZE4tTCXXc9zv_OaE7XX3n6AFoA41DIJHyyCDchOn8Q5lAIzctde54t9611xn7zKfnlRXJQ6dfoxMibrtg4j24wGOytld5CHV41Nq2Jv6L4DYdGzQU</recordid><startdate>201210</startdate><enddate>201210</enddate><creator>Chapman, Teresa B</creator><creator>Veblen, Thomas T</creator><creator>Schoennagel, Tania</creator><general>Ecological Society of America</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7U6</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201210</creationdate><title>Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain pine beetle activity in the southern Rocky Mountains</title><author>Chapman, Teresa B ; Veblen, Thomas T ; Schoennagel, Tania</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a5915-9f0bd17df76abd2e6ed6101c9d39fe623041b541662eb932b880eb550ccd612e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2012</creationdate><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>atmospheric precipitation</topic><topic>bark beetle</topic><topic>Bark beetles</topic><topic>Beetles</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Canopies</topic><topic>canopy</topic><topic>Climate Change</topic><topic>cluster analysis</topic><topic>Coleoptera - physiology</topic><topic>Colorado</topic><topic>Coniferous forests</topic><topic>Demography</topic><topic>Dendroctonus ponderosae</topic><topic>Drought</topic><topic>Ecology</topic><topic>epicenter</topic><topic>epidemic</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>forest insects</topic><topic>Forest service</topic><topic>forest stands</topic><topic>forest types</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Habitats</topic><topic>Host-Parasite Interactions</topic><topic>hosts</topic><topic>Insects</topic><topic>landscapes</topic><topic>lodgepole pine</topic><topic>lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Mountains</topic><topic>Pinus - parasitology</topic><topic>Pinus contorta</topic><topic>Pinus contorta var. latifolia</topic><topic>Pinus ponderosa</topic><topic>ponderosa pine</topic><topic>ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa)</topic><topic>Population biology</topic><topic>population dynamics</topic><topic>Population growth</topic><topic>Rocky Mountains, USA</topic><topic>spatial synchrony</topic><topic>temperature</topic><topic>time series analysis</topic><topic>trees</topic><topic>Weather</topic><topic>Wyoming</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chapman, Teresa B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Veblen, Thomas T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schoennagel, Tania</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chapman, Teresa B</au><au>Veblen, Thomas T</au><au>Schoennagel, Tania</au><au>Franklin, J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain pine beetle activity in the southern Rocky Mountains</atitle><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle><addtitle>Ecology</addtitle><date>2012-10</date><risdate>2012</risdate><volume>93</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>2175</spage><epage>2185</epage><pages>2175-2185</pages><issn>0012-9658</issn><eissn>1939-9170</eissn><coden>ECGYAQ</coden><abstract>The current mountain pine beetle (MPB;
Dendroctonus ponderosae
) outbreak in the southern Rocky Mountains has impacted
∼
750 000 ha of forest. Weather and habitat heterogeneity influence forest insect population dynamics at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Comparison of forest insect population dynamics in two principal host species may elucidate the relative contribution of weather and landscape factors in initiating and driving extensive outbreaks. To investigate potential drivers of the current MPB outbreak, we compared broadscale spatiotemporal patterns of MPB activity in lodgepole pine (
Pinus contorta
) and ponderosa pine (
Pinus ponderosa
) from 1996 to 2010 in Colorado and southern Wyoming with regional weather fluctuations, and then tracked the annual meso-scale progression of the epidemic in lodgepole pine with respect to weather, topographic, previous MPB activity, and forest stand attributes. MPB activity in lodgepole pine compared to ponderosa pine showed higher magnitude and extent of spatial synchrony. Warm temperatures and low annual precipitation favorable to beetle populations showed high regional synchrony across areas of both pine species, suggesting that habitat interacts with weather in synchronizing MPB populations. Cluster analysis of time series patterns identified multiple, disjunct locations of incipient MPB activity (epicenters) in lodgepole pine, which overlapped an earlier 1980s MPB outbreak, and suggests a regional trigger (drought) across this homogenous forest type. Negative departures from mean annual precipitation played a key role in subsequent spread of MPB outbreak. Development of the outbreak was also associated with lower elevations, greater dominance by lodgepole pine, stands of larger tree size, and stands with higher percentage canopy cover. After epidemic levels of MPB activity were attained, MPB activity was less strongly associated with stand and weather variables. These results emphasize the importance of considering differences in patterns of MPB dynamics for different host pine species even under similar regional-scale weather variation and the nonstationarity of outbreak dynamics over time.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Ecological Society of America</pub><pmid>23185879</pmid><doi>10.1890/11-1055.1</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0012-9658 |
| ispartof | Ecology (Durham), 2012-10, Vol.93 (10), p.2175-2185 |
| issn | 0012-9658 1939-9170 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_jstor_primary_41739282 |
| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals atmospheric precipitation bark beetle Bark beetles Beetles Biological and medical sciences Canopies canopy Climate Change cluster analysis Coleoptera - physiology Colorado Coniferous forests Demography Dendroctonus ponderosae Drought Ecology epicenter epidemic Epidemics forest insects Forest service forest stands forest types Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Habitats Host-Parasite Interactions hosts Insects landscapes lodgepole pine lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) Mortality Mountains Pinus - parasitology Pinus contorta Pinus contorta var. latifolia Pinus ponderosa ponderosa pine ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) Population biology population dynamics Population growth Rocky Mountains, USA spatial synchrony temperature time series analysis trees Weather Wyoming |
| title | Spatiotemporal patterns of mountain pine beetle activity in the southern Rocky Mountains |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-02T22%3A42%3A50IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-jstor_atypo&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Spatiotemporal%20patterns%20of%20mountain%20pine%20beetle%20activity%20in%20the%20southern%20Rocky%20Mountains&rft.jtitle=Ecology%20(Durham)&rft.au=Chapman,%20Teresa%20B&rft.date=2012-10&rft.volume=93&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=2175&rft.epage=2185&rft.pages=2175-2185&rft.issn=0012-9658&rft.eissn=1939-9170&rft.coden=ECGYAQ&rft_id=info:doi/10.1890/11-1055.1&rft_dat=%3Cjstor_atypo%3E41739282%3C/jstor_atypo%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1115693991&rft_id=info:pmid/23185879&rft_jstor_id=41739282&rfr_iscdi=true |