Evidence that Two Present-Day Components Needed for the Genetic Code Appeared after Nucleated Cells Separated from Eubacteria
The trinucleotide/amino acid relationships of the present-day genetic code are established by the amino-acylation reactions of tRNA synthetases, whereby each of 20 specific amino acids is attached to its cognate tRNAs, which bear anticodon trinucleotides. Because of its universality, the appearance...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1996-01, Vol.93 (1), p.166-170 |
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| creator | De Pouplana, Lluís Ribas Frugier, Magalí Quinn, Cheryl L. Schimmel, Paul |
| description | The trinucleotide/amino acid relationships of the present-day genetic code are established by the amino-acylation reactions of tRNA synthetases, whereby each of 20 specific amino acids is attached to its cognate tRNAs, which bear anticodon trinucleotides. Because of its universality, the appearance of the modern genetic code is thought to predate the separation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms in the universal phylogenetic tree. In the light of new sequence information, we present here a phylogenetic analysis that shows an unusual picture for tyrosyl- and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases. In particular, the eukaryotic tyrosyl- and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases are more related to each other than to their respective prokaryotic counterparts. In contrast, each of the other 18 eukaryotic synthetases is more related to its prokaryotic counterpart than to any eukaryotic synthetase specific for a different amino acid. Our results raise the possibility that present day tyrosyl- and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases appeared after the separation of nucleated cells from eubacteria. The results have implications for the development of the genetic code. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.93.1.166 |
| format | Article |
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Because of its universality, the appearance of the modern genetic code is thought to predate the separation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms in the universal phylogenetic tree. In the light of new sequence information, we present here a phylogenetic analysis that shows an unusual picture for tyrosyl- and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases. In particular, the eukaryotic tyrosyl- and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases are more related to each other than to their respective prokaryotic counterparts. In contrast, each of the other 18 eukaryotic synthetases is more related to its prokaryotic counterpart than to any eukaryotic synthetase specific for a different amino acid. Our results raise the possibility that present day tyrosyl- and tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetases appeared after the separation of nucleated cells from eubacteria. 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| ispartof | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 1996-01, Vol.93 (1), p.166-170 |
| issn | 0027-8424 1091-6490 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Amino Acid Sequence Amino acids Bacteria Bacteria - genetics Bacterial Proteins - genetics Biological Evolution Enzymes Eukaryotic Cells Evolution Genetic Code Molecular Sequence Data Parsimony Phylogenetics Phylogeny Ribonucleic acid RNA RNA, Bacterial - genetics RNA, Transfer, Trp - genetics RNA, Transfer, Tyr - genetics Sequence Alignment Sequence Homology, Amino Acid Space life sciences Transfer RNA Tryptophan-tRNA Ligase - genetics Tyrosine-tRNA Ligase - genetics |
| title | Evidence that Two Present-Day Components Needed for the Genetic Code Appeared after Nucleated Cells Separated from Eubacteria |
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