Recruitment facilitation can drive alternative states on temperate reefs
How the combination of positive and negative species interactions acts to drive community dynamics is a fundamental question in ecology. Here we explore one aspect of this question by expanding the theory of predator-mediated coexistence to include the potential role of facilitation between the pred...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ecology (Durham) 2010-06, Vol.91 (6), p.1763-1773 |
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| creator | Baskett, Marissa L Salomon, Anne K |
| description | How the combination of positive and negative species interactions acts to drive community dynamics is a fundamental question in ecology. Here we explore one aspect of this question by expanding the theory of predator-mediated coexistence to include the potential role of facilitation between the predator and inferior competitor. To motivate and illustrate our simple model, we focus on sea-urchin-algae interactions in temperate rocky reef systems and incorporate recruitment facilitation, a common characteristic of marine systems. Specifically, the model represents sea urchin grazing on macroalgae, macroalgal competition with crustose coralline algae (CCA), and facilitation of sea urchin recruitment to CCA. These interactions generate alternative stable states, one dominated by macroalgae and the other by urchins, which do not occur when recruitment facilitation of urchins to CCA is ignored. Therefore, recruitment facilitation provides a possible mechanism for alternative kelp forest and urchin barren states in temperate marine systems, where storm events or harvesting of urchins or their predators can drive switches between states that are difficult to reverse. In systems with such dynamics, spatial management such as no-take marine reserves may play a crucial role in protecting community structure by increasing the resilience to shifts between states. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1890/09-0515.1 |
| format | Article |
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Therefore, recruitment facilitation provides a possible mechanism for alternative kelp forest and urchin barren states in temperate marine systems, where storm events or harvesting of urchins or their predators can drive switches between states that are difficult to reverse. 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Here we explore one aspect of this question by expanding the theory of predator-mediated coexistence to include the potential role of facilitation between the predator and inferior competitor. To motivate and illustrate our simple model, we focus on sea-urchin-algae interactions in temperate rocky reef systems and incorporate recruitment facilitation, a common characteristic of marine systems. Specifically, the model represents sea urchin grazing on macroalgae, macroalgal competition with crustose coralline algae (CCA), and facilitation of sea urchin recruitment to CCA. These interactions generate alternative stable states, one dominated by macroalgae and the other by urchins, which do not occur when recruitment facilitation of urchins to CCA is ignored. 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In systems with such dynamics, spatial management such as no-take marine reserves may play a crucial role in protecting community structure by increasing the resilience to shifts between states.</description><subject>Algae</subject><subject>alternative states</subject><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal behavior</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>community structure</subject><subject>crustose coralline algae</subject><subject>Echinodermata</subject><subject>Echinoidea</subject><subject>Ecological balance</subject><subject>Ecological competition</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Eukaryota - physiology</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Feeding Behavior</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. 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Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>grazing</topic><topic>harvesting</topic><topic>Herbivores</topic><topic>herbivory</topic><topic>hysteresis</topic><topic>Invertebrates</topic><topic>kelp forest</topic><topic>Macroalgae</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Marine ecology</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Population Dynamics</topic><topic>Predation</topic><topic>predators</topic><topic>recruitment facilitation</topic><topic>reefs</topic><topic>resilience</topic><topic>Sea urchins</topic><topic>Sea Urchins - physiology</topic><topic>storms</topic><topic>Synecology</topic><topic>urchin barren</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Baskett, Marissa L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salomon, Anne K</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>Sustainability Science Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Baskett, Marissa L</au><au>Salomon, Anne K</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Recruitment facilitation can drive alternative states on temperate reefs</atitle><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle><addtitle>Ecology</addtitle><date>2010-06</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>91</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1763</spage><epage>1773</epage><pages>1763-1773</pages><issn>0012-9658</issn><eissn>1939-9170</eissn><coden>ECGYAQ</coden><abstract>How the combination of positive and negative species interactions acts to drive community dynamics is a fundamental question in ecology. Here we explore one aspect of this question by expanding the theory of predator-mediated coexistence to include the potential role of facilitation between the predator and inferior competitor. To motivate and illustrate our simple model, we focus on sea-urchin-algae interactions in temperate rocky reef systems and incorporate recruitment facilitation, a common characteristic of marine systems. Specifically, the model represents sea urchin grazing on macroalgae, macroalgal competition with crustose coralline algae (CCA), and facilitation of sea urchin recruitment to CCA. These interactions generate alternative stable states, one dominated by macroalgae and the other by urchins, which do not occur when recruitment facilitation of urchins to CCA is ignored. Therefore, recruitment facilitation provides a possible mechanism for alternative kelp forest and urchin barren states in temperate marine systems, where storm events or harvesting of urchins or their predators can drive switches between states that are difficult to reverse. In systems with such dynamics, spatial management such as no-take marine reserves may play a crucial role in protecting community structure by increasing the resilience to shifts between states.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Ecological Society of America</pub><pmid>20583717</pmid><doi>10.1890/09-0515.1</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Ecology (Durham), 2010-06, Vol.91 (6), p.1763-1773 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; Wiley Online Library All Journals |
| subjects | Algae alternative states Animal and plant ecology Animal behavior Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Biological and medical sciences Climate community structure crustose coralline algae Echinodermata Echinoidea Ecological balance Ecological competition Ecology Ecosystem Eukaryota - physiology Evolution Feeding Behavior Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects grazing harvesting Herbivores herbivory hysteresis Invertebrates kelp forest Macroalgae Marine Marine ecology Models, Biological Mortality Population Dynamics Predation predators recruitment facilitation reefs resilience Sea urchins Sea Urchins - physiology storms Synecology urchin barren |
| title | Recruitment facilitation can drive alternative states on temperate reefs |
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