Understory plant communities and the functional distinction between savanna trees, forest trees, and pines
Although savanna trees and forest trees are thought to represent distinct functional groups with different effects on ecosystem processes, few empirical studies have examined these effects. In particular, it remains unclear if savanna and forest trees differ in their ability to coexist with understo...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Ecology (Durham) 2013-02, Vol.94 (2), p.424-434 |
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description | Although savanna trees and forest trees are thought to represent distinct functional groups with different effects on ecosystem processes, few empirical studies have examined these effects. In particular, it remains unclear if savanna and forest trees differ in their ability to coexist with understory plants, which comprise the majority of plant diversity in most savannas. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) and data from 157 sites across three locations in the southeastern United States to understand the effects of broadleaf savanna trees, broadleaf forest trees, and pine trees on savanna understory plant communities. After accounting for underlying gradients in fire frequency and soil moisture, abundances (i.e., basal area and stem density) of forest trees and pines, but not savanna trees, were negatively correlated with the cover and density (i.e., local-scale species richness) of C
4
graminoid species, a defining savanna understory functional group that is linked to ecosystem flammability. In analyses of the full understory community, abundances of trees from all functional groups were negatively correlated with species density and cover. For both the C
4
and full communities, fire frequency promoted understory plants directly, and indirectly by limiting forest tree abundance. There was little indirect influence of fire on the understory mediated through savanna trees and pines, which are more fire tolerant than forest trees. We conclude that tree functional identity is an important factor that influences overstory tree relationships with savanna understory plant communities. In particular, distinct relationships between trees and C
4
graminoids have implications for grass-tree coexistence and vegetation-fire feedbacks that maintain savanna environments and their associated understory plant diversity. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1890/12-1019.1 |
format | Article |
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4
graminoid species, a defining savanna understory functional group that is linked to ecosystem flammability. In analyses of the full understory community, abundances of trees from all functional groups were negatively correlated with species density and cover. For both the C
4
and full communities, fire frequency promoted understory plants directly, and indirectly by limiting forest tree abundance. There was little indirect influence of fire on the understory mediated through savanna trees and pines, which are more fire tolerant than forest trees. We conclude that tree functional identity is an important factor that influences overstory tree relationships with savanna understory plant communities. In particular, distinct relationships between trees and C
4
graminoids have implications for grass-tree coexistence and vegetation-fire feedbacks that maintain savanna environments and their associated understory plant diversity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-9658</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-9170</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1890/12-1019.1</identifier><identifier>PMID: 23691661</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ECGYAQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Ecological Society of America</publisher><subject>60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES ; Animal and plant ecology ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; basal area ; Biodiversity ; Biological and medical sciences ; deciduous forests ; ecosystems ; equations ; fire suppression ; flammability ; Forest and land fires ; Forest ecology ; Forest ecosystems ; Forest trees ; functional group ; Functional groups ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General aspects ; Georgia ; graminoids ; Grasslands ; longleaf pine ; North Carolina ; overstory ; Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection ; Pinus - physiology ; Pinus palustris ; Plant communities ; plant diversity ; Plant ecology ; Plants ; prescribed fire ; Quercus ; Quercus spp ; Savannas ; soil water ; South Carolina ; southeastern United States ; species coexistence ; species diversity ; spp ; Trees ; Trees - classification ; Trees - physiology ; Understory ; Weather damages. Fires ; woodland</subject><ispartof>Ecology (Durham), 2013-02, Vol.94 (2), p.424-434</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2013 Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>2013 by the Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>2014 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Ecological Society of America Feb 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a5504-7af235fedab5e9ceddd7ac474027af6029e6267c1bb7854cbc49394e934363613</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a5504-7af235fedab5e9ceddd7ac474027af6029e6267c1bb7854cbc49394e934363613</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/23435989$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/23435989$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,803,885,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27199934$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23691661$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.osti.gov/biblio/1073630$$D View this record in Osti.gov$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Inouye, BD</contributor><creatorcontrib>Veldman, Joseph W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mattingly, W. Brett</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brudvig, Lars A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>USDA Forest Service-Savannah River, New Ellenton, SC (United States)</creatorcontrib><title>Understory plant communities and the functional distinction between savanna trees, forest trees, and pines</title><title>Ecology (Durham)</title><addtitle>Ecology</addtitle><description>Although savanna trees and forest trees are thought to represent distinct functional groups with different effects on ecosystem processes, few empirical studies have examined these effects. In particular, it remains unclear if savanna and forest trees differ in their ability to coexist with understory plants, which comprise the majority of plant diversity in most savannas. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) and data from 157 sites across three locations in the southeastern United States to understand the effects of broadleaf savanna trees, broadleaf forest trees, and pine trees on savanna understory plant communities. After accounting for underlying gradients in fire frequency and soil moisture, abundances (i.e., basal area and stem density) of forest trees and pines, but not savanna trees, were negatively correlated with the cover and density (i.e., local-scale species richness) of C
4
graminoid species, a defining savanna understory functional group that is linked to ecosystem flammability. In analyses of the full understory community, abundances of trees from all functional groups were negatively correlated with species density and cover. For both the C
4
and full communities, fire frequency promoted understory plants directly, and indirectly by limiting forest tree abundance. There was little indirect influence of fire on the understory mediated through savanna trees and pines, which are more fire tolerant than forest trees. We conclude that tree functional identity is an important factor that influences overstory tree relationships with savanna understory plant communities. In particular, distinct relationships between trees and C
4
graminoids have implications for grass-tree coexistence and vegetation-fire feedbacks that maintain savanna environments and their associated understory plant diversity.</description><subject>60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES</subject><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>basal area</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>deciduous forests</subject><subject>ecosystems</subject><subject>equations</subject><subject>fire suppression</subject><subject>flammability</subject><subject>Forest and land fires</subject><subject>Forest ecology</subject><subject>Forest ecosystems</subject><subject>Forest trees</subject><subject>functional group</subject><subject>Functional groups</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Georgia</subject><subject>graminoids</subject><subject>Grasslands</subject><subject>longleaf pine</subject><subject>North Carolina</subject><subject>overstory</subject><subject>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</subject><subject>Pinus - physiology</subject><subject>Pinus palustris</subject><subject>Plant communities</subject><subject>plant diversity</subject><subject>Plant ecology</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>prescribed fire</subject><subject>Quercus</subject><subject>Quercus spp</subject><subject>Savannas</subject><subject>soil water</subject><subject>South Carolina</subject><subject>southeastern United States</subject><subject>species coexistence</subject><subject>species diversity</subject><subject>spp</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>Trees - classification</subject><subject>Trees - physiology</subject><subject>Understory</subject><subject>Weather damages. 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Brett ; Brudvig, Lars A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a5504-7af235fedab5e9ceddd7ac474027af6029e6267c1bb7854cbc49394e934363613</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES</topic><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>basal area</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>deciduous forests</topic><topic>ecosystems</topic><topic>equations</topic><topic>fire suppression</topic><topic>flammability</topic><topic>Forest and land fires</topic><topic>Forest ecology</topic><topic>Forest ecosystems</topic><topic>Forest trees</topic><topic>functional group</topic><topic>Functional groups</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Georgia</topic><topic>graminoids</topic><topic>Grasslands</topic><topic>longleaf pine</topic><topic>North Carolina</topic><topic>overstory</topic><topic>Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection</topic><topic>Pinus - physiology</topic><topic>Pinus palustris</topic><topic>Plant communities</topic><topic>plant diversity</topic><topic>Plant ecology</topic><topic>Plants</topic><topic>prescribed fire</topic><topic>Quercus</topic><topic>Quercus spp</topic><topic>Savannas</topic><topic>soil water</topic><topic>South Carolina</topic><topic>southeastern United States</topic><topic>species coexistence</topic><topic>species diversity</topic><topic>spp</topic><topic>Trees</topic><topic>Trees - classification</topic><topic>Trees - physiology</topic><topic>Understory</topic><topic>Weather damages. 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Brett</au><au>Brudvig, Lars A</au><au>Inouye, BD</au><aucorp>USDA Forest Service-Savannah River, New Ellenton, SC (United States)</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Understory plant communities and the functional distinction between savanna trees, forest trees, and pines</atitle><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle><addtitle>Ecology</addtitle><date>2013-02</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>94</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>424</spage><epage>434</epage><pages>424-434</pages><issn>0012-9658</issn><eissn>1939-9170</eissn><coden>ECGYAQ</coden><abstract>Although savanna trees and forest trees are thought to represent distinct functional groups with different effects on ecosystem processes, few empirical studies have examined these effects. In particular, it remains unclear if savanna and forest trees differ in their ability to coexist with understory plants, which comprise the majority of plant diversity in most savannas. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) and data from 157 sites across three locations in the southeastern United States to understand the effects of broadleaf savanna trees, broadleaf forest trees, and pine trees on savanna understory plant communities. After accounting for underlying gradients in fire frequency and soil moisture, abundances (i.e., basal area and stem density) of forest trees and pines, but not savanna trees, were negatively correlated with the cover and density (i.e., local-scale species richness) of C
4
graminoid species, a defining savanna understory functional group that is linked to ecosystem flammability. In analyses of the full understory community, abundances of trees from all functional groups were negatively correlated with species density and cover. For both the C
4
and full communities, fire frequency promoted understory plants directly, and indirectly by limiting forest tree abundance. There was little indirect influence of fire on the understory mediated through savanna trees and pines, which are more fire tolerant than forest trees. We conclude that tree functional identity is an important factor that influences overstory tree relationships with savanna understory plant communities. In particular, distinct relationships between trees and C
4
graminoids have implications for grass-tree coexistence and vegetation-fire feedbacks that maintain savanna environments and their associated understory plant diversity.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Ecological Society of America</pub><pmid>23691661</pmid><doi>10.1890/12-1019.1</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES Animal and plant ecology Animal, plant and microbial ecology basal area Biodiversity Biological and medical sciences deciduous forests ecosystems equations fire suppression flammability Forest and land fires Forest ecology Forest ecosystems Forest trees functional group Functional groups Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Georgia graminoids Grasslands longleaf pine North Carolina overstory Phytopathology. Animal pests. Plant and forest protection Pinus - physiology Pinus palustris Plant communities plant diversity Plant ecology Plants prescribed fire Quercus Quercus spp Savannas soil water South Carolina southeastern United States species coexistence species diversity spp Trees Trees - classification Trees - physiology Understory Weather damages. Fires woodland |
title | Understory plant communities and the functional distinction between savanna trees, forest trees, and pines |
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