NuSTAR Observes Two Bulgeless Galaxies: No Hard X-Ray AGN Detected in NGC 4178 or J0851+3926
The discovery over the last several decades of low- and moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in disk-dominated galaxies—which show no “classical” bulges—suggests that secular mechanisms represent an important growth pathway for supermassive black holes in these systems. We present new f...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Astrophysical journal 2023-02, Vol.943 (2), p.109 |
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| creator | Pfeifle, Ryan W. Satyapal, Shobita Ricci, Claudio Secrest, Nathan J. Gliozzi, Mario Bohn, Thomas Canalizo, Gabriela Reefe, Michael A. |
| description | The discovery over the last several decades of low- and moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in disk-dominated galaxies—which show no “classical” bulges—suggests that secular mechanisms represent an important growth pathway for supermassive black holes in these systems. We present new follow-up NuSTAR observations of the optically elusive AGNs in two bulgeless galaxies, NGC 4178 and J0851+3926. Galaxy NGC 4178 was originally reported as hosting an AGN based on the detection of [Ne
v
] mid-infrared emission detected by Spitzer, and based on Chandra X-ray imaging, it has since been argued to host either a heavily obscured AGN or a supernova remnant. Galaxy J0851+3926 was originally identified as an AGN based on its Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-IR colors, and follow-up near-infrared spectroscopy previously revealed a hidden broad-line region, offering compelling evidence for an optically elusive AGN. Neither AGN is detected within the new NuSTAR imaging, and we derive upper limits on the hard X-ray 10–24 keV fluxes of |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff |
| format | Article |
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v
] mid-infrared emission detected by Spitzer, and based on Chandra X-ray imaging, it has since been argued to host either a heavily obscured AGN or a supernova remnant. Galaxy J0851+3926 was originally identified as an AGN based on its Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-IR colors, and follow-up near-infrared spectroscopy previously revealed a hidden broad-line region, offering compelling evidence for an optically elusive AGN. Neither AGN is detected within the new NuSTAR imaging, and we derive upper limits on the hard X-ray 10–24 keV fluxes of <7.41 × 10
−14
and <9.40 × 10
−14
erg cm
−2
s
−1
for the AGNs in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926, respectively. If these nondetections are due to large absorbing columns along the line of sight, the nondetections in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926 could be explained with column densities of log(
N
H
/cm
2
) > 24.2 and 24.1, respectively. The nature of the nuclear activity in NGC 4178 remains inconclusive; it is plausible that the [Ne
v
] traces a period of higher activity in the past, but that the AGN is relatively quiescent now. The nondetection in J0851+3926 and multiwavelength properties are consistent with the AGN being heavily obscured.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-637X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-4357</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Philadelphia: The American Astronomical Society</publisher><subject>Active galactic nuclei ; AGN host galaxies ; Astrophysics ; Black holes ; Galactic bulge ; Galaxies ; Infrared astronomy ; Infrared emissions ; Infrared spectra ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei ; Luminosity ; Near infrared radiation ; Near infrared spectroscopy ; Space telescopes ; Stars & galaxies ; Supermassive black holes ; Supernova ; Supernova remnants ; X ray imagery ; X-ray astronomy ; X-rays</subject><ispartof>The Astrophysical journal, 2023-02, Vol.943 (2), p.109</ispartof><rights>2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.</rights><rights>2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c416t-2dcffc8a5b36766c1e8bc24fddabfc645e7630159f71e988977c2f5cd1d073583</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c416t-2dcffc8a5b36766c1e8bc24fddabfc645e7630159f71e988977c2f5cd1d073583</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2277-2354 ; 0000-0002-8818-9009 ; 0000-0002-4902-8077 ; 0000-0001-5231-2645 ; 0000-0002-4375-254X ; 0000-0003-4701-8497 ; 0000-0001-8640-8522 ; 0000-0003-4693-6157</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff/pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Giop$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,865,2103,27929,27930,38895,53872</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pfeifle, Ryan W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Satyapal, Shobita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ricci, Claudio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Secrest, Nathan J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gliozzi, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bohn, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Canalizo, Gabriela</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reefe, Michael A.</creatorcontrib><title>NuSTAR Observes Two Bulgeless Galaxies: No Hard X-Ray AGN Detected in NGC 4178 or J0851+3926</title><title>The Astrophysical journal</title><addtitle>APJ</addtitle><addtitle>Astrophys. J</addtitle><description>The discovery over the last several decades of low- and moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in disk-dominated galaxies—which show no “classical” bulges—suggests that secular mechanisms represent an important growth pathway for supermassive black holes in these systems. We present new follow-up NuSTAR observations of the optically elusive AGNs in two bulgeless galaxies, NGC 4178 and J0851+3926. Galaxy NGC 4178 was originally reported as hosting an AGN based on the detection of [Ne
v
] mid-infrared emission detected by Spitzer, and based on Chandra X-ray imaging, it has since been argued to host either a heavily obscured AGN or a supernova remnant. Galaxy J0851+3926 was originally identified as an AGN based on its Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-IR colors, and follow-up near-infrared spectroscopy previously revealed a hidden broad-line region, offering compelling evidence for an optically elusive AGN. Neither AGN is detected within the new NuSTAR imaging, and we derive upper limits on the hard X-ray 10–24 keV fluxes of <7.41 × 10
−14
and <9.40 × 10
−14
erg cm
−2
s
−1
for the AGNs in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926, respectively. If these nondetections are due to large absorbing columns along the line of sight, the nondetections in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926 could be explained with column densities of log(
N
H
/cm
2
) > 24.2 and 24.1, respectively. The nature of the nuclear activity in NGC 4178 remains inconclusive; it is plausible that the [Ne
v
] traces a period of higher activity in the past, but that the AGN is relatively quiescent now. The nondetection in J0851+3926 and multiwavelength properties are consistent with the AGN being heavily obscured.</description><subject>Active galactic nuclei</subject><subject>AGN host galaxies</subject><subject>Astrophysics</subject><subject>Black holes</subject><subject>Galactic bulge</subject><subject>Galaxies</subject><subject>Infrared astronomy</subject><subject>Infrared emissions</subject><subject>Infrared spectra</subject><subject>Infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei</subject><subject>Luminosity</subject><subject>Near infrared radiation</subject><subject>Near infrared spectroscopy</subject><subject>Space telescopes</subject><subject>Stars & galaxies</subject><subject>Supermassive black holes</subject><subject>Supernova</subject><subject>Supernova remnants</subject><subject>X ray imagery</subject><subject>X-ray astronomy</subject><subject>X-rays</subject><issn>0004-637X</issn><issn>1538-4357</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2023</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>O3W</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU1PGzEQhi3USk1p7z1a6pEu2Ovv3tIAgQoFCYLEAcny2mO00YKDveHj37NhET31NJrRO8_MvIPQD0r2mebqgAqmK86EOnDeqRh30OSj9AlNCCG8kkxdf0FfS1lt09qYCbpZbC6X0wt83hTIj1Dw8inhP5vuFjooBc9d555bKL_xIuETlwO-ri7cC57OF_gQevA9BNze48V8hjlVGqeM_xIt6B4ztfyGPkfXFfj-HnfR1fHRcnZSnZ3PT2fTs8pzKvuqDj5Gr51omFRSegq68TWPIbgmeskFKMkIFSYqCkZro5Svo_CBBqKY0GwXnY7ckNzKrnN75_KLTa61b4WUb63Lfes7sBBqOfBdEE7yxoABERrpeBBMah5gYP0cWeucHjZQertKm3w_rG9rpSgzw3VmUJFR5XMqJUP8mEqJ3f7Dbs23W_Pt-I-h5dfY0qb1P-Z_5a_M54ho</recordid><startdate>20230201</startdate><enddate>20230201</enddate><creator>Pfeifle, Ryan W.</creator><creator>Satyapal, Shobita</creator><creator>Ricci, Claudio</creator><creator>Secrest, Nathan J.</creator><creator>Gliozzi, Mario</creator><creator>Bohn, Thomas</creator><creator>Canalizo, Gabriela</creator><creator>Reefe, Michael A.</creator><general>The American Astronomical Society</general><general>IOP Publishing</general><scope>O3W</scope><scope>TSCCA</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>DOA</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2277-2354</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8818-9009</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4902-8077</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5231-2645</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4375-254X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4701-8497</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8640-8522</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4693-6157</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20230201</creationdate><title>NuSTAR Observes Two Bulgeless Galaxies: No Hard X-Ray AGN Detected in NGC 4178 or J0851+3926</title><author>Pfeifle, Ryan W. ; 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J</addtitle><date>2023-02-01</date><risdate>2023</risdate><volume>943</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>109</spage><pages>109-</pages><issn>0004-637X</issn><eissn>1538-4357</eissn><abstract>The discovery over the last several decades of low- and moderate-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) in disk-dominated galaxies—which show no “classical” bulges—suggests that secular mechanisms represent an important growth pathway for supermassive black holes in these systems. We present new follow-up NuSTAR observations of the optically elusive AGNs in two bulgeless galaxies, NGC 4178 and J0851+3926. Galaxy NGC 4178 was originally reported as hosting an AGN based on the detection of [Ne
v
] mid-infrared emission detected by Spitzer, and based on Chandra X-ray imaging, it has since been argued to host either a heavily obscured AGN or a supernova remnant. Galaxy J0851+3926 was originally identified as an AGN based on its Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer mid-IR colors, and follow-up near-infrared spectroscopy previously revealed a hidden broad-line region, offering compelling evidence for an optically elusive AGN. Neither AGN is detected within the new NuSTAR imaging, and we derive upper limits on the hard X-ray 10–24 keV fluxes of <7.41 × 10
−14
and <9.40 × 10
−14
erg cm
−2
s
−1
for the AGNs in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926, respectively. If these nondetections are due to large absorbing columns along the line of sight, the nondetections in NGC 4178 and J0851+3926 could be explained with column densities of log(
N
H
/cm
2
) > 24.2 and 24.1, respectively. The nature of the nuclear activity in NGC 4178 remains inconclusive; it is plausible that the [Ne
v
] traces a period of higher activity in the past, but that the AGN is relatively quiescent now. The nondetection in J0851+3926 and multiwavelength properties are consistent with the AGN being heavily obscured.</abstract><cop>Philadelphia</cop><pub>The American Astronomical Society</pub><doi>10.3847/1538-4357/aca7ff</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2277-2354</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8818-9009</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4902-8077</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5231-2645</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4375-254X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4701-8497</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8640-8522</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4693-6157</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | The Astrophysical journal, 2023-02, Vol.943 (2), p.109 |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Institute of Physics Open Access Journal Titles; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Active galactic nuclei AGN host galaxies Astrophysics Black holes Galactic bulge Galaxies Infrared astronomy Infrared emissions Infrared spectra Infrared spectroscopy Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei Luminosity Near infrared radiation Near infrared spectroscopy Space telescopes Stars & galaxies Supermassive black holes Supernova Supernova remnants X ray imagery X-ray astronomy X-rays |
| title | NuSTAR Observes Two Bulgeless Galaxies: No Hard X-Ray AGN Detected in NGC 4178 or J0851+3926 |
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