Extreme Eccentricities of Triple Systems: Analytic Results
Triple stars and compact objects are ubiquitously observed in nature. Their long-term evolution is complex; in particular, the von Zeipel–Lidov–Kozai (ZLK) mechanism can potentially lead to highly eccentric encounters of the inner binary. Such encounters can lead to a plethora of interacting binary...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Astrophysical journal 2022-07, Vol.934 (1), p.44 |
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| creator | Mangipudi, Abhi Grishin, Evgeni Trani, Alessandro A. Mandel, Ilya |
| description | Triple stars and compact objects are ubiquitously observed in nature. Their long-term evolution is complex; in particular, the von Zeipel–Lidov–Kozai (ZLK) mechanism can potentially lead to highly eccentric encounters of the inner binary. Such encounters can lead to a plethora of interacting binary phenomena, as well as stellar and compact-object mergers. Here we find implicit analytical formulae for the maximal eccentricity,
e
max
, of the inner binary undergoing ZLK oscillations, where both the test-particle limit (parameterized by the inner-to-outer angular momentum ratio
η
) and the double-averaging approximation (parameterized by the period ratio,
ϵ
SA
) are relaxed, for circular outer orbits. We recover known results in both limiting cases (either
η
or
ϵ
SA
→ 0) and verify the validity of our model using numerical simulations. We test our results with two accurate numerical
N
-body codes,
rebound
for Newtonian dynamics and
tsunami
for general-relativistic dynamics, and find excellent correspondence. We discuss the implications of our results for stellar triples and both stellar and supermassive triple black hole mergers. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3847/1538-4357/ac7958 |
| format | Article |
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e
max
, of the inner binary undergoing ZLK oscillations, where both the test-particle limit (parameterized by the inner-to-outer angular momentum ratio
η
) and the double-averaging approximation (parameterized by the period ratio,
ϵ
SA
) are relaxed, for circular outer orbits. We recover known results in both limiting cases (either
η
or
ϵ
SA
→ 0) and verify the validity of our model using numerical simulations. We test our results with two accurate numerical
N
-body codes,
rebound
for Newtonian dynamics and
tsunami
for general-relativistic dynamics, and find excellent correspondence. We discuss the implications of our results for stellar triples and both stellar and supermassive triple black hole mergers.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-637X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1538-4357</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac7958</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Philadelphia: The American Astronomical Society</publisher><subject>Angular momentum ; Astrophysics ; Binary stars ; Black holes ; Close binary stars ; Compact objects ; Eccentricity ; Galaxy mergers ; Mathematical models ; Multiple stars ; Numerical simulations ; Parameterization ; Stellar dynamics ; Stellar mass black holes ; Supermassive black holes ; Triple stars</subject><ispartof>The Astrophysical journal, 2022-07, Vol.934 (1), p.44</ispartof><rights>2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.</rights><rights>2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c309t-8af97866ba47a8f7493b44d6b490c2044eb3aa117c4a4656fac60add6a14c9383</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c309t-8af97866ba47a8f7493b44d6b490c2044eb3aa117c4a4656fac60add6a14c9383</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6134-8946 ; 0000-0001-7113-723X ; 0000-0001-5371-3432</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac7958/pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Giop$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,864,27915,27916,38881,53858</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mangipudi, Abhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grishin, Evgeni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trani, Alessandro A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mandel, Ilya</creatorcontrib><title>Extreme Eccentricities of Triple Systems: Analytic Results</title><title>The Astrophysical journal</title><addtitle>APJ</addtitle><addtitle>Astrophys. J</addtitle><description>Triple stars and compact objects are ubiquitously observed in nature. Their long-term evolution is complex; in particular, the von Zeipel–Lidov–Kozai (ZLK) mechanism can potentially lead to highly eccentric encounters of the inner binary. Such encounters can lead to a plethora of interacting binary phenomena, as well as stellar and compact-object mergers. Here we find implicit analytical formulae for the maximal eccentricity,
e
max
, of the inner binary undergoing ZLK oscillations, where both the test-particle limit (parameterized by the inner-to-outer angular momentum ratio
η
) and the double-averaging approximation (parameterized by the period ratio,
ϵ
SA
) are relaxed, for circular outer orbits. We recover known results in both limiting cases (either
η
or
ϵ
SA
→ 0) and verify the validity of our model using numerical simulations. We test our results with two accurate numerical
N
-body codes,
rebound
for Newtonian dynamics and
tsunami
for general-relativistic dynamics, and find excellent correspondence. We discuss the implications of our results for stellar triples and both stellar and supermassive triple black hole mergers.</description><subject>Angular momentum</subject><subject>Astrophysics</subject><subject>Binary stars</subject><subject>Black holes</subject><subject>Close binary stars</subject><subject>Compact objects</subject><subject>Eccentricity</subject><subject>Galaxy mergers</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Multiple stars</subject><subject>Numerical simulations</subject><subject>Parameterization</subject><subject>Stellar dynamics</subject><subject>Stellar mass black holes</subject><subject>Supermassive black holes</subject><subject>Triple stars</subject><issn>0004-637X</issn><issn>1538-4357</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2022</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>O3W</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1LAzEQhoMoWD_uHhf06NpsM5uP3kqpH1AQtIK3MJtNIGXbXZMU7L-3y4pexNMww_O-DA8hVwW9YxLEuCiZzIGVYoxGqFIekdHP6ZiMKKWQcybeT8lZjOt-nSg1ItPFZwp2Y7OFMXabgjc-eRuz1mWr4LvGZq_7mOwmTrPZFpt98iZ7sXHXpHhBThw20V5-z3Pydr9YzR_z5fPD03y2zA2jKuUSnRKS8wpBoHQCFKsAal6BomZCAWzFEItCGEDgJXdoOMW65liAUUyyc3I99Hah_djZmPS63YXDM1FPuAIQCqQ4UHSgTGhjDNbpLvgNhr0uqO4N6V6H7nXowdAhcjtEfNv9dv6D3_yBY7fWioEuNIDuase-AKV9crA</recordid><startdate>20220701</startdate><enddate>20220701</enddate><creator>Mangipudi, Abhi</creator><creator>Grishin, Evgeni</creator><creator>Trani, Alessandro A.</creator><creator>Mandel, Ilya</creator><general>The American Astronomical Society</general><general>IOP Publishing</general><scope>O3W</scope><scope>TSCCA</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6134-8946</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7113-723X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5371-3432</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20220701</creationdate><title>Extreme Eccentricities of Triple Systems: Analytic Results</title><author>Mangipudi, Abhi ; Grishin, Evgeni ; Trani, Alessandro A. ; Mandel, Ilya</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c309t-8af97866ba47a8f7493b44d6b490c2044eb3aa117c4a4656fac60add6a14c9383</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2022</creationdate><topic>Angular momentum</topic><topic>Astrophysics</topic><topic>Binary stars</topic><topic>Black holes</topic><topic>Close binary stars</topic><topic>Compact objects</topic><topic>Eccentricity</topic><topic>Galaxy mergers</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Multiple stars</topic><topic>Numerical simulations</topic><topic>Parameterization</topic><topic>Stellar dynamics</topic><topic>Stellar mass black holes</topic><topic>Supermassive black holes</topic><topic>Triple stars</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mangipudi, Abhi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grishin, Evgeni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trani, Alessandro A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mandel, Ilya</creatorcontrib><collection>Institute of Physics Open Access Journal Titles</collection><collection>IOPscience (Open Access)</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mangipudi, Abhi</au><au>Grishin, Evgeni</au><au>Trani, Alessandro A.</au><au>Mandel, Ilya</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Extreme Eccentricities of Triple Systems: Analytic Results</atitle><jtitle>The Astrophysical journal</jtitle><stitle>APJ</stitle><addtitle>Astrophys. J</addtitle><date>2022-07-01</date><risdate>2022</risdate><volume>934</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>44</spage><pages>44-</pages><issn>0004-637X</issn><eissn>1538-4357</eissn><abstract>Triple stars and compact objects are ubiquitously observed in nature. Their long-term evolution is complex; in particular, the von Zeipel–Lidov–Kozai (ZLK) mechanism can potentially lead to highly eccentric encounters of the inner binary. Such encounters can lead to a plethora of interacting binary phenomena, as well as stellar and compact-object mergers. Here we find implicit analytical formulae for the maximal eccentricity,
e
max
, of the inner binary undergoing ZLK oscillations, where both the test-particle limit (parameterized by the inner-to-outer angular momentum ratio
η
) and the double-averaging approximation (parameterized by the period ratio,
ϵ
SA
) are relaxed, for circular outer orbits. We recover known results in both limiting cases (either
η
or
ϵ
SA
→ 0) and verify the validity of our model using numerical simulations. We test our results with two accurate numerical
N
-body codes,
rebound
for Newtonian dynamics and
tsunami
for general-relativistic dynamics, and find excellent correspondence. We discuss the implications of our results for stellar triples and both stellar and supermassive triple black hole mergers.</abstract><cop>Philadelphia</cop><pub>The American Astronomical Society</pub><doi>10.3847/1538-4357/ac7958</doi><tpages>10</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6134-8946</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7113-723X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5371-3432</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Institute of Physics Open Access Journal Titles; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Angular momentum Astrophysics Binary stars Black holes Close binary stars Compact objects Eccentricity Galaxy mergers Mathematical models Multiple stars Numerical simulations Parameterization Stellar dynamics Stellar mass black holes Supermassive black holes Triple stars |
| title | Extreme Eccentricities of Triple Systems: Analytic Results |
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